K.S.S.Nambooripad (born 1935) is an Indian mathematician who has made fundamental contributions to the structure theory of regular semigroups.

Nambooripad was also instrumental in popularising the TeX software in India and also in introducing and championing the cause of the free software movement in India. He was with the Department of Mathematics, University of Kerala, since 1976. He served the Department as its Head from 1983 until his retirement from University service in 1995. After retirement, he is associating with the academic and research activities of the Center for Mathematical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram in various capacities.

Aryabhata (IAST: ryabha a, Sanskrit: ) (476 550 CE) was the first in the line of great mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His most famous works are the ryabha ya (499 CE, when he was 23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta. It is fairly certain that, [4] at some point, he went to Kusumapura for advanced studies and that he lived there for some time. Both Hindu and [1] aliputra, modern Patna. A verse Buddhist tradition, as well as Bh skara I (CE 629), identify Kusumapura as P mentions that Aryabhata was the head of an institution ( kulapa) at Kusumapura, and, because the university of Nalanda was in Pataliputra at the time and had an astronomical observatory, it is speculated that Aryabhata might have been the [1] head of the Nalanda university as well. Aryabhata is also reputed to have set up an observatory at the Sun temple in [5] Taregana, Bihar.

Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905 1986) was an Indian mathematician who discovered several results in number theory, including a class of numbers and a constant named after him. Despite having no formal postgraduate training and working as a schoolteacher, he published extensively and became well -known in

recreational mathematics circles. Working largely alone, Kaprekar discovered a number of results in number theory and described various properties of numbers. In addition to the Kaprekar constant and the Kaprekar numbers which were named after him, he also described self numbers or Devlali numbers, the Harshad numbers and Demlo numbers. He also [3] constructed certain types of magic squares related to the Copernicus magic square. Initially his ideas were not taken seriously by Indian mathematicians, and his results were published largely in low -level mathematics journals or privately published, but international fame arrived when Martin Gardner wrote about Kaprekar in his March 1975 column of Mathematical Games for Scientific American. Today his name is well -known and many other mathematicians have pursued [1] the study of the properties he discovered.

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Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi (July 31, 1907 June 29, 1966) was an Indian mathematician, statistician, Marxist historian, and polymath who contributed to genetics by introducing Kosambi's map function. He is well-known for his work in numismatics and for compiling critical editions of ancient Sanskrit texts. His father, Dharmananda Damodar Kosambi, had studied ancient Indian texts with a particular emphasis on Buddhism and its literature in the Pali language. Damodar Kosambi emulated him by developing a keen interest in his country's ancient [1] history. Kosambi was also a Marxist historian specializing in ancient India who employed the historical materialist [1] approach in his work. He is described as "the patriarch of the Marxist school of Indian historiography". Kosambi was critical of the policies of then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, which, according to him, promoted capitalism in the guise of democratic socialism. He was an enthusiast of the Chinese revolution and its ideals, and, in addition, a leading activist in the World Peace Movement. In the opinion of the historian Irfan Habib, "D. D. Kosambi and R.S. Sharma, together with [2] Daniel Thorner, brought peasants into the study of Indian history for the first time."

Bh skara (Kannada: ,(1114 1185), also known as Bh skara II and Bh skar ch rya ("Bh skara the teacher"), was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He was born near Vijjadavida. Bh skara is alleged to have been the head of an astronomical observatory at Ujjain, the leading mathematical center of [1] ancient India. He lived in the Sahyadri region. Bh skara and his works represent a significant contribution to mathematical and astronomical knowledge in the 12th [2] century. He has been called the greatest mathematician of medieval India. His main work was the Siddh nta Shiromani, [3] [4] Sanskrit for "Crown of treatises," is divided into four parts called Lil vati , Bijaganita, Grahaganita and Gol dhy ya. These four sections deal with arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres respectively. [5][6] He is particularly known in the Bh skara's work on calculus predates Newton and Leibniz by half a millennium. discovery of the principles of differential calculus and its application to astr onomical problems and computations. While Newton and Leibniz have been credited with differential and integral calculus, there is strong evidence to suggest that Bh skara was a pioneer in some of the principles of differential calculus. He was perhaps the first to conceive the [7] differential coefficient and differential calculus.

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An nd u is an Indian mathematician and a c mnist for various national and international mathematical journals and magazines He is best known for hisSuper 30 programme which he started in Patna, Bihar in 2002, and which coaches economically backward students forIIT- , the entrance e amination for the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs By 2011, 236 of the 270 had made it to IITs andDiscovery Channel showcased [1][2][3] his work in a documentary n March 2009, Discovery Channel broadcast a one-hour-long programme on Super [1][5][10] [5] 30, and half a page has been devoted to Kumar in Th N w York Times. Actress and e -Miss Japan Norika Fujiwara [8] [5] visited Patna to make a documentary on Anand s initiatives. Kumar has been featured in programmes by the BBC. In [5] California, he has shared his e perience from the IIM in Ahmedabad. Kumar is in the Limca Book of Records (2009 for his [11] contribution in helping poor students crack IIT -JEE by providing them free coaching. Time Magazine has selected mathematician Anand Kumar's school - Super 30 - in the list of Best of Asia 2010. Anan Kumar was awarded the S. d [12] Ramanujan Award for 2010 by the Institute for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences (IRDS in July 2010. Super 30 received praise from United States President Barack Obama's special envoy Rashad Hussain, who termed it the best [13] institute in the country. Newsweek Magazine has taken note of the initiative of mathematician Anand Kumar s Super 30 [14] and included his school in the list of four most innovative schools in the world. Anand Kumar has been awarded by top [15] award of Bihar government "Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad Shiksha Puraskar" November 2010. He was awarded the Prof Yashwantrao Kelkar Yuva Puraskar 2010 by Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) in Bangalore.In April 2011, Anand Kumar was selected by Europe's magazine Focus as "one of the global personalities who have the ability to shape [16] e ceptionally talented people."
         

i (Kannada: ) Tamil: is a calculating prodigy who was Sh unt l [1] born on November 4, 1939 in Bangalore, India. Her father worked in a "Brahmin circus" as atrapeze and tightrope [citation needed] Her calculating gifts first demonstrated performer, and later as a lion tamer and a human cannonball. themselves while she was doing card tricks with her father when she was three. They report she "beat them by " memorization of cards rather than by sleight of hand. By age six she demonstrated her calculation and memorization [2] abilities at the University of Mysore. At the age of eight she had success at Annamalai University by doing the same. In [citation needed] 1977 she extracted the 23rd root of a 201-digit number mentally. On June 18, 1980 she demonstrated the multiplication of two 13-digit numbers 7,686,369,774,870 x 2,465,099,745,779 picked at random by the Computer Department of Imperial College, London. She answered the question in 28 seconds. However, this time is more likely the time for dictating the answer (a 26-digit number) than the time for the mental calculation (the time of 28 seconds was quoted on her own website). Her correct answer was 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730. This event is mentioned on page 26 of the 1995 Guinness Book of Records ISBN 0-553-56942-2. In 2006 she released a new book called In the Wonderland of Numbers with Orient Paperbacks which talks abot a girl u Neha and her fascination for numbers.

upt (Sanskrit: ; ( listen (helpinfo)) (598 668 CE) was an Indian mathematician B h and astronomer who wrote many important works on mathematics and astronomy. His best known work is the

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Br hmasphu asiddh nta (Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma), written in 628 in Bhinmal. Its 25 chapters contain several unprecedented mathematical results. Brahmagupta is believed to have been born in 598 AD in Bhinmal city in the state of Rajasthan of Northwest India. In ancient times Bhil lamala was the seat of power of the Gurjars. His father was [1] Jisnugupta. He likely lived most of his life in Bhillamala (modern Bhinmal in Rajasthan) during the reign (and possibly [2] under the patronage) of King Vyaghramukha. As a result, Brahmagupta is often referred to as Bhillamalacarya, that is, the teacher from Bhillamala. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote four texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Cadamekela in 624, the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, the Khandakhadyaka in 665, and the Durkeamynarda in 672. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta (Corrected Treatise of Brahma) is arguably his most famous work. The historian al-Biruni (c. 1050) in his book Tariq al-Hind states that the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun had an embassy in India and from Indi a a book was brought to Baghdad which was translated into Arabic as Sindhind. It is [3] generally presumed that Sindhind is none other than Brahmagupta's Brahmasphuta-siddhanta. Although Brahmagupta was familiar with the works of astronomers following the tradition of Aryabhatiya, it is not known if [2] he was familiar with the work of Bhaskara I, a contemporary. Brahmagupta had a plethora of criticism directed towards the work of rival astronomers, and in his Brahmasphutasiddhanta is found one of the earliest attested schisms among Indian mathematicians. The division was primarily about the application of ma thematics to the physical world, rather than about the mathematics itself. In Brahmagupta's case, the disagreements stemmed largely from the choice of astronomical [2] parameters and theories. Critiques of rival theories appear throughout the first ten astronomical chapters and the eleventh chapter is entirely devoted to criticism of these theories, although no criticisms appear in the twelfth and [2] eighteenth chapters.

Sathamangalam Ranga Iyengar Srinivasa Varadhan FRS is an Indian-American mathematician born 2 January 1940 in Madras (Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India. Varadhan's awards and honours include the Birkhoff Prize (1994), the Margaret and Herman Sokol Award of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, New York University (1995), and the Leroy Steele Prize (1996), awarded for his work with Daniel W. Stroock on diffusion processes. He was awarded the Abel [5][7] Prize in 2007 for his work on large deviations with M. D. Donsker. In 2008, the government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan. He also has two honorary degrees from Universit Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris (2003) and from Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata, India (2004). [8] Varadhan is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1995), and the Norwegian Academy of Science and [9] [10] [11] Letters. He was elected to Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1988), the Royal Society (1998), [12] and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2009).

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