TARGET – 50/80

MINIMUM LEARNING MATERIAL

CLASS - XII
Topics Marks
1. Inverse trigonometric function 2
2. Ddeterminants /matrix 2
3. Solution of equations using matrix method 5
4. Continuity 2
5. Logarithmic differentiation 3
6. Increasing & decreasing functions 3
7. Word problems maxima/minima(case based) 4
8. Area of bounded region 5
9. Vectors 5(2+2+1)
10. Shortest distance between Skew lines 5
11. Linear programming 5
12. Baye’s Theorem (case based) 4
13.1mark questions (Deivatives,Integrals,3D,Relations, 5
Functions, etc)

Total Marks 50

MINIMUM LEARNING MATERIAL

TARGET – 50
I. Inverse trigonometric function (2 marks)
1. Find the principal value of tan−1 √3 − sec −1 (−2) (CBSE-2012)
3 3 6
2. Prove the following: cos(sin−1 5 + cot −1 2) = 5√13 (CBSE-2012)
1
3. Find the value of tan(2 tan−1 5) (CBSE-2013)
1
4. Find the principal value of tan−1 1 + cos −1(− 2)
1+𝑥 2
1. 5. Prove the following: cos[tan−1 {sin( cot −1 𝑥)}] = √
2+𝑥 2
(CBSE-2010)
2. 6. What is the principal value of cos −1 (cos
2𝜋
3
) + sin−1 (sin
2𝜋
3
). (CBSE-2011)
7𝜋
7.Write the principal value of cos −1 (cos ).
6
II.Solution of equations using matrix method (6 marks)
1. Using matrix method, solve the following system of equations :
2x – y + z = 3 , - x +2y – z = - 4 , x – 2y + 2z = 1 (C.B.S.E. 2008)
2. Using matrix method, solve the following system of equations :
x + 2y – 3z = - 4 , 2x + 3y + 2z = 2 , 3x – 3y – 4z =11 (C.B.S.E. 2008,07)
3. Solve the following system of equations, using matrices :
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+ + = 4, − + = 1, + − =2 (C.B.S.E. 2002 C)
x y z x y z x y z
1 − 2 0 
4. Find A-1, where A = 2 1 3 , Hence, solve the system of linear equations :
 
0 − 2 1
x – 2y = 10, 2x + y + 3z = 8, - 2y + z = 7. (C.B.S.E. 1997)
− 4 4 4 1 − 1 1 

5. Given that A = − 7 1 3  and B = 1 − 2 − 2 , find AB and use it to solve the system
  
 5 − 3 − 1 2 1 3 
of equations : x –y + z = 4, x – 2y – 2z = 9, 2x + y + 3z = 1. (C.B.S.E. 2003 C)
1 −2 0   7 2 −6 
6. If A = 2 1 3 and C =  −2 1 −3 . Find AC and hence solve the
 
   
0 −2 1   −4 2 5 
equations x - 2 y = 10, 2 x + y + 3 z = 8, - 2 y + z = 7.
7. The perimeter of a triangle is 90 cm. The longest side exceeds the shortest side by 16 cm and the
sum of the lengths of the longest and shortest side is twice the length of the other side. Use the matrix method to
find the sides of the triangle.
8. The sum of three numbers is 6. If 3rd number is multiplied by 2 and first number is added, we get 7 and by adding
second and third number to 3 times the first number we get 12. Use matrix method to find the numbers.
9. The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its members (say x) for honesty,
some (say y) for helping others and some others (say z) for supervising the workers to keep the colony neat and
clean. The sum of all the awardees is 12. Three times the sum of awardees for cooperation and supervision
added to two times the number of awardees for honesty is 33. If the sum of the number of awardees for
honesty and supervision is twice the number of awardees for helping others, using matrix method, find the
number of awardees of each category. Apart from these values, namely, honesty, cooperation and supervision,
suggest one more value which the management of the colony must include for awards.
10. A school wants to award its students for the values of Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork with a total cash award
of ₹ 6,000. Three times the award money for Hardwork added to that given for Honesty amounts to ₹
11,000.The award money given for Honesty and Hardwork together is double the one given for Regularity.
Represent the above situation algebraically and find the award money for each value, using matrix method.
Apart from these values, namely Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork, suggest one more value which the school
must include for awards.
 III.Continuity (3 marks)
A function f is said to be continuous at x =a if LHL = RHL = f(a)

Find the unknown constant if the functions are continuous

2 x − 1, if x  2  2 x + 1, if x  2 
k x 2 , x2    
(1) f ( x ) =  2. f ( x) = a, if x = 2  (3) f ( x) = k , if x = 2 
3, x2  x + 1, if x  2  3x − 1, if x  2 
   

3ax + b, if x  1  5, x  2
  
(4) f ( x) = 11, if x =1  (5) f ( x ) = ax + b, 2  x  10
5ax − 2b, if x  1  21, x  10
  
 kx + 1, x     k ( x 2 + 2), if x  0 
(6) f ( x) =   (7) f ( x) =  
cos x , if x     3 x + 1, if x  0 

 ( x 2 − 2 x), if x  0 
(8) f ( x) =  
 4 x + 1, if x  0 
ax + 1, x3
9. Find the relation between a and b so that f ( x ) =  is continues at x = 3.
bx + 3, x3
 x 2 + ax + b, 0  x  2

10. The function f (x ) is defined as follows: f ( x) =  3 x + 2, 2  x  4
 2ax + 5b, 4  x  8

If f is continuous on [0,8] find the values of a and b.

IV.Logarithmic differentiation(3 marks)

Differentiate w.r. to x
x cos x x2 + 1
(1) x x +(sinx)x (2) ( x) + (3) ( cos x) y = ( cos y )x
x −1
dy log x
= (5) (cos x) + (sin x)
x 1/ x
(4) x y = e x–y Show that (6) (sinx)x+sin-1√x
dx log( xe) 
2

(7) (x)sinx +(logx)x (8) (x)cosx +(sinx)tanx

x2 + 1
(9) (x)sinx +(sinx)cosx (10) (log x)cos x +
x2 −1

V. Increasing & decreasing functions (3 marks)

1. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = 2x 3 – 9 x2 +12x+15 is increasing and decreasing.
2. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = 2x 3+ 9 x2 +12x+20 is increasing and decreasing.
3. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = 2x 3 - 15x2 +36x+17 is increasing and decreasing.
4. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = x3- 12x2 +36x+17 is increasing and decreasing.
 5. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = 20 – 9x+6x2 – x3 is increasing and decreasing.
6. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = (x – 1)3 (x – 2)2 is increasing and decreasing.
1
7. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = x3 + is increasing and decreasing.
x3
8. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = sin x – cos x, 0  x  2 is increasing and decreasing
4 sin  
9. Prove that y = -  is an increasing function in [0, ]
2 + cos  2
2x
10. Show that y = log(1+x) - , x > -1 is an increasing function of x , throughout its domain.
2+ x

VI. Word problems maxima/minima (4/5marks)

points to solve word problems (maxima/minima)
1. Read question twice.
2. Identify the given quantity (constant) and make equation no. 1 with two variables.
3. Create a function which is to be optimized.
4. Remove one variable with the help of equation no. 1 → equation no 2.
5. Check equation no.2
(i) Given quantity(constant) involved
(ii) Only one variable
6. Differentiate equation no. 2 twice ,and put first derivative = 0 we get x = a,b,..
7. Check second derivative
(i) If second derivative at x = a is positive then minima
(ii) If second derivative at x = a is negative then maxima
8. Find out whatever asked with the help of equation no. 1
1. Show that the semi-vertical angle of the cone of maximum volume and of given slant height is tan −1 2 .
2. Show that the right circular cone of least curved surface and given volume has altitude equal to 2 times the
radius of the base.
3. Show that the height of a closed right circular cylinder of given surface and maximum volume is equal to the
diameter of its base.
4. A wire of length 28 m is to be cut into pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into a circle and the other into a
square. Where the wire should be cut so that combined area is minimum?

5. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is 2 R / 3.
6. Show that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere is 8/27 of the volume of the sphere.
7. A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circular opening. The total perimeter of the window
is 10 m. find the dimensions of the window so as to admit maximum light through the whole opening.
8. Show that of all the rectangles of given area, the square has the smallest perimeter.
9. Show that the rectangle of maximum perimeter which can be inscribed in a circle of radius r is the square of side
r 2.
10. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right angled triangle is given, show that the area of
the triangle is maximum when the angle between them is  /3.
 VII.Definite Integrals
𝜋 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1. Evaluate : ∫0 𝑑𝑥 CBSE2012,2013, CBSE(DELHI)2008
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝜋 𝑥
2. Evaluate : ∫0 𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥+𝑏2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 CBSE(OUTSIDE DELHI)2009,2008(F),2014
𝜋
3. Show that ∫0 (√𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + √𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = √2𝜋. CBSE2008,2012,2005
𝜋 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4. Evaluate : ∫0 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 CBSE2007,CBSE(DELHI)2008,CBSE(F)2006
𝜋 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
5. Evaluate : ∫0 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 CBSE2008,CBSE(DELHI)2010,CBSE2014
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
6. Evaluate: ∫0 4 𝑑𝑥 CBSE(F)2011,2013,2014
9+16𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥

5
7. Evaluate: ∫0 (|𝑥 − 2|) + |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 5|)𝑑𝑥 CBSE2013,2009
𝜋
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
8.Evaluate: ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝜋
2
𝑑𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
4

𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
9. Evaluate: ∫−𝑎 √ 𝑑𝑥 CBSE(AI)2008
𝑎+𝑥

𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
10. Evaluate : ∫0
𝜋
𝑑𝑥 CBSE(DELHI)2009
𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

VIII.Area of bounded region( 2+3=5 marks)

Conic sections and only two formulae
x n +1 x 2 a2  x
1.  x dx = +c  a − x dx = a − x + sin −1   + c
n 2 2 2
2.
n +1 2 2 a

1. Find the area enclosed by x = 4y -2 and parabola x 2 = 4 y

2. Find the area of triangle with vertices (4, 1), (6, 6) and (8, 4).
3. Find the area of triangle with sides y = 2x +1, y = 3x +1 and x = 4.
4. Area of circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 in the exterior of parabola y 2 = 6 x
x2 y 2 x y
5. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse + =1 and line + = 1 .
9 4 3 2
6. Find the area enclosed between the parabola y2 = x and line y + x = 2.
7. Find the area of the region { (x, y) : x2 +y2  1  x + y }

IX. VECTORS
     
1. Find the angle between the vectors a + b and a − b if a = 2iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ and b = 3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ. (2006-3marks)
  
3. Find the value of  which makes the vectors a , b , c coplanar where
   ˆ
a = − 4iˆ − 6 ˆj − 2kˆ, b = −iˆ + 4 ˆj + 3kˆ and c = −8iˆ − ˆj + kˆ. (2007-3marks)
     
4. Find the projection of b + c on a where a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ and cˆ = iˆ + kˆ. (2007-3marks)
 ˆ   
5. If a = i + 2 ˆj − kˆ and b = 3iˆ + ˆj − 5kˆ ,find a unit vector in the direction of a − b .(2008-1 mark )
     
6. If a = 3, b = 2 and a .b = 3, find the angle between a and b . (2008- 1 mark )
        
7. If the vectors a , b and c are such that a + b + c = 0 and a = 3, b = 5 and c = 7 , find the angle
 
between a and b . (2008-4 marks)
8. Find the value of p if (2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 27 kˆ)  (iˆ + 3 ˆj + pkˆ) = 0. (2009-1 mark )
     
9. If p is a unit vector and ( x − p) . ( x + p) = 80 , then find x . (2009-1 mark )

10. The scalar product of the vector iˆ + ˆj + kˆ with the unit vector along the sum of vectors 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ
and iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ is equal to one. Find the value of  . (2009-4 marks)
11. Write a vector of magnitude 9 units in the direction of vector − 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ . (2010-1 mark)
12. Find  if (2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 14kˆ)  (iˆ − ˆj + 7kˆ) = 0 . (2010-1 mark)
  
13. If a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = 4iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
and c = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ , find a vector of magnitude
  
6 units which is parallel to the vector 2a − b + c . (2010-4 mark)
 ˆ   
ˆ ˆ ˆ
14. Let a = i + 4 ˆj + 2k , b = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 7k and c = 2iˆ − ˆj + 4k . Find a vector d which is perpendicular
   
to both a and b and c . d = 18. (2010 ,2012 -4 mark)

15. Write a unit vector in the direction of the vector a = 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ . (2011-1 mark)
16. Using vectors find the area of the triangle with vertices A (1,1,2) ,B (2,3,5) and C (1,5,5).(2011- 4 marks)
17. Write the value of (iˆ  ˆj ) . kˆ + iˆ . ˆj. (2012-1 mark)
18. Find the scalar components of the vector AB with initial point A (2, 1) and terminal point B (-5,7)
(2012- 1 mark)
   
19. P and Q are two points with position vectors 3a − 2b and a + b respectively. Write the position
vector of a point R Which divides the line segment PQ in the ratio 2 :1 externally. (2013 – 1 mark)
     
20. Find x , if for a unit vector a , ( x − a ) . ( x + a ) = 15. (2013 – 1 mark)
     
21. If a = iˆ − ˆj + 7 kˆ and b = 5iˆ − ˆj +  kˆ ,then find the value of  so that a + b and a − b are
perpendicular vectors. (2013 - 4 marks)
ˆ ˆ
22. Find the value of p for which the vectors 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 9k and iˆ − 2 pˆj + 3k are parallel. (2014 – 1 mark)
     
23. Find a . (b  c ) , if a = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ , b = − iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and c = 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ. (2014 -1 mark)
24. Show that four points A, B, C and D with position vectors 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ , 3iˆ + 9 ˆj + 4kˆ and 4 (−iˆ + ˆj + kˆ)
respectively are coplanar. (2014 – 4 marks)

25. The scalar product of the vector a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ with a unit vector along the sum of vectors
 
b = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ and c = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ is equal to one.Find the value of  and hence find the unit
 
vector along b + c . (2014 – 4 marks)

X. Shortest distance between Skew lines (4 marks) (only 5 questions)

   
(a 2 − a1 ) • (b1  b2 )
S.D. =  
b1  b2
 1. Find the shortest distance between the lines
r = ( 6i + 2 j + 2k ) +  ( i − 2 j + 2k ) & r = − 4i − k +  (3i − 2 j − 2k )
2. Find the shortest distance between the lines
( )
r = ( i + 2 j + k ) +  i − j + k & r = (2iˆ − ˆj − k ) +  (2i + j + 2k )
3. Find the shortest distance between the lines
r = (1 + 2 )iˆ + (1 −  ) ˆj +  kˆ & r = (2iˆ + ˆj − k ) +  (2i + j + 2k )
4. Find the shortest distance between the lines
r = (1 − t )iˆ + ( t − 2 ) ˆj + (3 − 2t )kˆ & r = ( s + 1)iˆ + ( 2s − 1) ˆj − (2s + 1)kˆ
x −1 y − 2 z −1 x − 2 y + 1 z + 1
5. Find the shortest distance between the lines = = & = =
1 −1 1 2 1 2
   
6. Find the angle between following pair of lines r = 2i − 5 j + k +  (3 i + 2 j + 6 k ) and
   
r = (7 i − 6 j − 6 k ) +  ( i + 2 j + 2 k ) .
−x + 2 y −1 z + 3 x + 2 2y −8 z −5
7. Find the angle between following pair of lines = = and = =
−2 7 −3 −1 4 4
x − 5 2 − y 1− z
8. Find the value of  , so that the following lines are perpendicular to each other = = and
5 + 2 5 −1
x 2 y +1 1− z
= =
1 4 −3
1 − x 7 y − 14 5 z − 10
9. Find the value of  , so that the following lines are perpendicular to each other = = and
3 2 11
7 − 7x y − 5 6 − z
= =
3 1 5
1− x y − 2 z − 3
10. Find the value of  , so that the following lines are perpendicular to each other = =
3 2 2
x +1 y −1 6 − z
and = =
3 1 7 .

XI. Baye’s Theorem (4/5 marks)

1. Three boxes contain 6 red, 4 black; 4 red, 6 black and 5 red, 5 black balls respectively. One of the boxes is
selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball drawn is red, find the probability that it has come
from first box.
2. A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A produced 60% of items of output and
machine B produced 40% of items. Further, 2% of items, produced by machine A and 1% produced by machine B
were defective. One item is chosen at random from total output and this is found to be defective. What is the
probability that it was produced by machine B?
3. There are three coins. One is a two headed coin another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time
and third is unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is a
probability that it was two headed coin?
4. Suppose that 5 % men and 0.25 % women have gray hair. A gray haired person is selected at random. What is the
probability of this person being a male? Assume that there are equal number of men and women.
 5. Of the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside in hostel and 40% do not reside in hostel. Previous year
result report that 30% of students residing in hostel attain A grade and 20 % of ones not residing in hostel attain
A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the college and
he has an A grade. What is the probability that selected student is a hostelier?
6. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers, 6000 truck drivers. The probability of their
meeting with an accident are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15, respectively. One of the insured person meets with an accident.
What is the probability that he is a scooter driver?
7. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a six. Find the probability
that it is actually a six.
8. A card from a pack of 52 playing cards is lost. From the remaining cards, two cards are drawn and are found to be
of diamond. Find the probability that the missing card is also of diamond.
9.. A girl throws a die. If she gets 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of heads but she gets 1,
2, 3 or 4, she tosses the coin only once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one
head, find the probability that she throws 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die.
3
10. In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let be
5
2
the probability that he knows the answer and be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student
5
1
who guesses the answer will be correct with probability , what is the probability that the student knows the
3
answer, given that he answered it correctly?

XII. Probability distribution(3marks)

1. Two cards are drawn successively with replacement, from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability
distribution of number of aces.
2. Two cards are drawn successively without replacement, from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the
probability distribution of number of aces. Also, find the mean of distribution.
3. Two cards are drawn simultaneously without replacement, from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the mean
and variance of number of red cards.
4. A pair of dice is thrown 3 times. If getting a doublet is considered successes. Find the probability distribution of
number of successes
5. Find the probability of throwing at most 2 sixes in 6 throws of a single die.
6. Find the mean number of heads in three tosses of a coin.
7. A random variable X has following probability distributions.
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2
P(X) 0 k 2k 2k 3k k 2k 7k2 + k
Find (i) k (ii) P(X<3) (iii) P(X> 6) (iv) P(0<X<3)
8. From a lot of 10 bulbs, which includes 3 defectives, a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn at random. Find the
Probability distribution of number of defective bulbs
9. Three cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. If getting a
card of spade is a success, then find the probability distribution of number of successes.
10. A die is thrown again and again until three sixes are obtained. Find the probability of obtaining third six in the six
throw of die.