DELLA CASA MARCO - marco.dellacasa@fcagroup.

com

CS.00019
FUNTIK BRIAN - brian.funtik@fcagroup.com

GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND Characteristic Standard

TOLERANCING PRACTICES
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Date: 01-DEC-2020

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GLOBALLY HARMONIZED DOCUMENT

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Change level Date Description of change
Co-Author

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- 10-JUN-2014 Initial release
Author

A 8-OCT-2015 Section 5.4 added, section 8.2 reorganized and section 8.2.1
added, documentation note for fundamental datums added, pre-
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qualification tolerance value note added, clamping conditions
FCA ITALY -- ENGINEERING METHODS & TOOLS - BUSINESS METHODS & T ...

definition improved, section 8.3 added, section 8.5 added, annex A

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added, updated company name

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B 8-JUL-2016 Section 5.3 updated, section 8.6 updated, Figures 1 and 18

updated, sections A.1 and A.2 revised for clarity, minor edits for
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clarity, annex B added

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C 17-JUN-2019 Referenced standards updated. Section 6.4 updated to allow pre-

qualification of datum features. Section A.1 updated to include
possibility of unequally disposed unconstrained/freestate tolerance
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and to allow CMM inspection of freestate tolerance requirements.

FCA US -- DESIGN INTEGRITY & VALIDATION - 0520

Table A-1 updated.

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D 01-DEC-2020 Added par 8.2.3 Unequally Disposed Tolerancing

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For information, please contact author and co-author in the lateral label of this
document
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For APAC, LATAM and Maserati contacts, please consult SD.00130

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Co-Author Department
Author Department

ANY PRINTED COPY IS TO BE DEEMED AS UNCHECKED; THEREFORE THE UPDATED COPY MUST BE CHECKED IN THE APPROPRIATE WEB SITE
CONFIDENTIAL
THIS DOCUMENT MUST NOT BE REPRODUCED OR CIRCULATED TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT BY CONSENT BY THE RELEVANT FCA
COMPANY.
IN CASE OF DISPUTE, THE ONLY VALID REFERENCE IS THE ENGLISH EDITION
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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PRACTICES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................. 3

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1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................................. 3

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1.2 Coverage of this Standard ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Limitations on Usage.............................................................................................................................. 3

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2 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 3
3 DEFINITIONS/ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS/SYMBOLS ..................................................................... 4

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4 REGULATED SUBSTANCES & RECYCLABILITY .................................................................................. 4
5 DATUM REFERENCE FRAMES .............................................................................................................. 4

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5.1 Physical Constraint of Datum Features ................................................................................................. 4
5.2 Datum Feature Precedence ................................................................................................................... 5
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5.3 Datum Feature Labelling ........................................................................................................................ 5
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5.4 Self Referenced Parts ............................................................................................................................ 5
6 FLEXIBLE PARTS .................................................................................................................................... 5
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6.1 Fundamental Datum Features and Datum Targets ............................................................................... 5

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6.2 Supplemental Datum Targets ................................................................................................................ 6

6.3 Feature Measurement Support Location (FMSL) .................................................................................. 7
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6.4 Datum Feature Pre-Qualification ........................................................................................................... 7

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6.5 Classification of Clamping Conditions for Datum Targets ..................................................................... 8

7 MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION AND MAXIMUM MATERIAL BOUNDARY MODIFIERS ............... 9
7.1 Material Condition Modifier .................................................................................................................... 9
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7.2 Envelope Principle ............................................................................................................................... 10

7.3 Statistical Control for MMC Characteristic ........................................................................................... 10
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8 TOLERANCES ........................................................................................................................................ 10
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8.1 Trim Edge Tolerance - Thin Parts ........................................................................................................ 10

8.2 Unequally Disposed Tolerances .......................................................................................................... 10
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8.2.1 Prismatic Parts .................................................................................................................................. 11

8.2.2 Thin Parts .......................................................................................................................................... 11
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8.2.3 Unequally Disposed Tolerancing for unilateral specification limits ................................................... 12

8.3 Irregular Features of Size..................................................................................................................... 13
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8.4 Rate of Change Tolerance ................................................................................................................... 14

8.5 Composite Feature Control Frames for Complex Parts ....................................................................... 14
8.6 Axes of Threaded Features, Splines, and Gears ................................................................................. 15
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8.7 Cylindrical Parts with Bends ................................................................................................................ 16

9 APPROVED SOURCE LIST ................................................................................................................... 17
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Annex A ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
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A.1 Unconstrained Freestate Evaluation ................................................................................................... 18

A.2 Datum Feature Pre-Qualification Evaluation ....................................................................................... 19
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A.3 Clamped and Support Datums ............................................................................................................ 20

Annex B ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
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1 GENERAL

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1.1 Purpose

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This standard provides guidelines for the application of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)
in accordance with the ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing standard. This standard must

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be used in conjunction with the ASME standard.

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This standard does not supersede the respective legacy standards: PS-6013 (which will continue to

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cover engineering drawings/CAD models made using GD&T in accordance with ANSI Y14.5M-1982), PS-
9611 (which will continue to cover engineering drawings/CAD models made using GD&T in accordance

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with ASME Y14.5M-1994).

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This standard supersedes FCA US standard FC-12421 and FCA Italy standard 07262.

1.2 Coverage of this Standard

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This standard is intended to help the user of GD&T better define or interpret design intent. This standard
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is required on all FCA and Extended Enterprise engineering drawings/CAD models except in cases in
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which a drawing is not required.

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The words “shall/must/required” describe strict requirements. Procedural steps defined by these words
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must be followed.

The words “should/preferred/recommended” describe preferences. Procedural steps defined by these

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words must be followed whenever there is no valid reason to do otherwise.

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The words “acceptable/permissible/allowed/may/might” grant permission. They do not require or forbid

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alternative practices. In this case, the alternative selected is left to the discretion of representatives of
FCA US Systems & Component Engineering or FCA Italy R&D or FCA Powertrain.
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1.3 Limitations on Usage

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This standard does not apply to drawings released with FCA US standard PS-6013, PS-9611, or FCA
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Italy standard 01444.

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2 REFERENCES
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Table 1 - References
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FCA US FCA Italy Industry

Standard Standard Standard
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ANSI Y14.5M-1982 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard

ASME Y14.5M-1994 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard
ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
PS-6013
Symbology, Method, Usage and
Superseded
Definitions (Legacy Data Only)
PS-9611 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Carryover Practices (Legacy Data Only)
CS.00020 Standard Tolerances – Body Components
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Table 1 - References
FCA US FCA Italy Industry
Standard Standard Standard

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General Requirements for Released

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CS.00022
Drawings
Geometric and Dimensional Tolerances

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for Mechanical Part Drawings, For
CS.00062

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Features Without Explicit Indication on the

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Drawing
Classification, Function, And Design Of

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CS.00018 The PLPs (Principle Locating Points) For
Body Components And Assemblies

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FC-12421 07262 Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing
Carryover Superseded Practices (Legacy Data Only)

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3 DEFINITIONS/ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS/SYMBOLS
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DFS: An acronym for Datum Feature Simulator
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DRF: An acronym for Datum Reference Frame. A coordinate system established using a set of datums
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extracted from datum feature simulators, defined by a set of datum features.

F/A, U/D, C/C: Abbreviations for Fore/Aft (“X” vehicle axis), Up/Down (“Z” vehicle axis), and Cross/Car
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(“Y” vehicle axis).

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FMSL: An acronym for Feature Measurement Support Location

GD&T: An acronym for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
MMB: An acronym for Maximum Material Boundary.
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MMC: An acronym for Maximum Material Condition.

PLP: An acronym for Principle Locating Point. See CS.00018 for additional information.
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Prismatic Part: A part with complex 3D geometry and variable material thickness, such as those
produced by injection molding or casting.
RMB: An acronym for Regardless of Material Boundary
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Sub-DRF: A DRF defined for a subordinate group of features of a part. Also known as a local alignment.
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4 REGULATED SUBSTANCES & RECYCLABILITY

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Not applicable.
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5 DATUM REFERENCE FRAMES

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5.1 Physical Constraint of Datum Features

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Non-flexible, rigid parts may be orientation and location constrained for coordinate metrology purposes,
but only in such a way as to impose no external form constraints.

Unless otherwise specified, flexible parts (see section 6) shall be form as well as orientation and location
constrained for functional gage and coordinate metrology purposes.

When using degrees of constraint modifiers [u,v,w,x,y,z] to customize a datum reference frame (section
4.23 of ASME Y14.5-2009), each datum feature shall always attempt to constrain rotational degrees of
freedom before translational degrees of freedom.
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5.2 Datum Feature Precedence

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Datum features shall be used in the order in which they appear in the feature control frame, reading from

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left to right.

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5.3 Datum Feature Labelling

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Datum features shall be labeled using capital letters of the alphabet starting with the letters A, B, C and
continuing for all purposes with D, E, etc. The letters I, O, Q, X, Y, Z may not be used to label datum

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features, except as noted below. Datum targets representing a particular datum feature shall bear the
name of that feature plus the ascending numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. as for example A1, A2, A3, etc.

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In the case of a part with repetitive identical datum features of size (for example, a fascia with multiple clip

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attachment features of the same size), it is acceptable to append an ascending number to the datum
feature label (for example, B1, B2, B3).

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For cast components, {X, Y, Z} may be used to indicate casting datums.
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The orientation of control relative to the vehicle coordinate system (F/A, U/D, or C/C) should be specified
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for each datum feature. Exceptions: powertrain components or components designed at origin.
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5.4 Self Referenced Parts

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For new projects, it is forbidden to officially release a part with the note that the part be “self-referenced”.
When using geometric dimensioning and tolerances, datums must always be explicitly identified.
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6 FLEXIBLE PARTS
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Both rigid and flexible parts have up to six degrees of “fundamental” rotational and translational freedom,
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which are constrained by their “fundamental” datum features or datum targets (see section 4.4 in ASME
Y14.5-2009). The features of flexible parts, however, have “supplemental” degrees of freedom, namely
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degrees of form freedom, which are constrained using “supplemental” datum targets. This section
defines the terminology and symbology for datum targets associated with flexible parts.
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6.1 Fundamental Datum Features and Datum Targets

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Fundamental datum features and datum targets are defined as those which serve to constrain the
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fundamental six degrees of freedom. These datum features and datum targets serve to establish datum
reference frames using measurement devices.
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Fundamental datum features and datum targets must be documented using the symbols defined in
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section 4 of ASME Y14.5-2009.

Fundamental datum features shall be labeled using the letters A, B and C, and their associated datum
targets using the numbered letters A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and C1.

For flexible parts, a note should be added to the drawing to document the fundamental datums, which are
used for 3-2-1 measurement system alignment. This note should be jointly agreed upon by PD (Product
Development), Manufacturing (BIW and/or Assembly) and Quality Manufacturing (SQE - Supplier Quality
Engineering).
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If a note is not present, assume datums A1-A3, B, and C are to be used for part alignment.

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Some parts, such as cooling system hoses, cannot be measured without a checking fixture and, thus, a

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part alignment is not feasible. In these cases, a note should state this fact.

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Figure 1 - Example Fundamental Datum Note

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6.2 Supplemental Datum Targets

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Supplemental datum targets are defined as those which serve to constrain the form of flexible datum
features. Supplemental datum targets must be represented as physical datum target simulators in
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physical gages and fixtures, but are generally not to be used in datum reference frame establishment
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processes using point cloud measuring devices (eg: CMM, optical scanning).
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Supplemental datum features shall be labelled using the letters D, E, F etc. and their associated datum
targets using the numbered letters A4, A5, D1, D2, etc.
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6.3 Feature Measurement Support Location (FMSL)

It is sometimes necessary to support and stabilize a part for CMM or point cloud scanning without

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blocking access to its datum features and datum targets. These feature measurement support (or part

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staging) targets shall be indicated on the drawing using the labels shown in Figure 2.

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X= 1420
Y CLAMP

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Y Z Y X= 800
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Z REST
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Figure 2 - Feature Measurement Support Location Labels

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The details of the labels for measurement support location are shown in Figure 3. The letter, i.e. “X”,
indicates the direction of support relative to the vehicle coordinate system.
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3 X 16
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Figure 3 - Feature Measurement Support Target Label

6.4 Datum Feature Pre-Qualification

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When using more than the fundamental three datum targets to extract a datum from a primary datum
feature, it may be necessary to verify that any additional supplemental datum target(s)/feature(s) are
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within an acceptable tolerance relative to the fundamental datums targets before restraint is applied. This
is accomplished by imposing a surface profile/true position tolerance on the supplemental datum target(s)
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relative to a DRF established using the fundamental datum targets. This method is usually used to
determine if a part has excessive twist or deformation.

This requirement is termed “datum feature pre-qualification” and may be used in accordance with ASME
Y14.5-2009 section 5.5. Datum feature pre-qualification requirements shall be documented as shown in
Figure 4. See also Annex A.

The pre-qualification tolerance value should be determined by the ability of downstream assembly
processes to accommodate this type of variation.
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Figure 4 - Datum Pre-Qualification

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Note that the datum target simulator D1 must be removable so that part twist can be detected.
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6.5 Classification of Clamping Conditions for Datum Targets

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For flexible parts, the constraint condition is assumed to be “Clamped” (see section 5). Other possible
constraint conditions are as follows:
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C = Clamped. The clamping condition modifier “C” requires the associated datum target clamp to be
fixed in place and fully engaged throughout all inspection processes. This is also the default condition in
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the absence of a clamping condition modifier.

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PQ = Pre-qualification. The clamping condition modifier “PQ” requires the associated datum feature
simulator (net pad) to be fully removed and the clamp open during datum feature pre-qualification. The
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datum feature simulator (net pad) is then replaced and the clamp closed for all remaining measurements.
Also documented as “F” in legacy drawings.
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UF = Unconstrained / Freestate. The clamping condition modifier “UF” requires the associated datum
feature simulator (net pad) to remain in place but the clamp left open during unconstrained / freestate
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tolerance evaluation. The clamp is then closed for all remaining measurements. Also documented as “R”
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in legacy drawings.
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S = Support / Rest Only. The clamping condition modifier “S” requires the associated datum feature
simulator (net pad) to be present but never clamped. Also known as a “rest datum”.
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Table 2 - Clamping Condition Summary

Current Legacy

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Classification Classification

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CLAMPED C C
PRE-QUALIFICATION PQ F

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UNCONSTRAINED / UF R

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FREESTATE

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SUPPORT / REST ONLY S S

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For flexible parts, the constraint condition for each datum target should be documented as a letter near
the datum target symbol or as part of a datum chart.

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Figure 5 - Documentation of Clamping Condition

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In the case of datums with pre-qualification (PQ) or freestate (UF) constraint conditions, a feature control
frame should be created to document the appropriate tolerance specification. See Figure 1.
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See Annex A for additional information regarding clamping condition and inspection of flexible
components.
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7 MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION AND MAXIMUM MATERIAL BOUNDARY

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MODIFIERS
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Use of the maximum material condition (MMC) and maximum material boundary (MMB) modifiers is
allowed per ASME 14.5-2009 standard. However, there isn’t a simple and widely accepted method to
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calculate statistical capability indices for features specified at MMC. In addition, when using variable
measurement devices, the validation of perfect form at MMC is, by necessity, an approximation.
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Note that RFS, MMC, and LMC modifiers are associated with tolerance values and impact tolerance zone
size. RMB, MMB, LMB modifiers are associated with datum features, impact the DRF and therefore
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tolerance zone mobility. This section applies to both classes of modifiers.

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For both new and legacy drawings, as an aid to clarity, the RMB and RFS modifier, as indicated by the
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symbol [S], will continue to be allowed.

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7.1 Material Condition Modifier

RMB is recommended for all datum feature references associated with components that will primarily be
inspected with a CMM or point cloud scanning device. MMB is recommended for components that will be
inspected primarily with a functional gage.

MMB/MMC or LMB/LMC modifiers may be replaced (when not possible otherwise) with the more
restrictive RMB/RFS modifiers on control plan or inspection plan documents to simplify fixture and/or
gauge methods, for dimensional characteristic evaluation, or for metrology intended for manufacturing
process feedback.
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For the part acceptance/rejection decisions, the material condition and boundary modifiers must be
considered valid, as indicated on the drawings.

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7.2 Envelope Principle

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The envelope principle (perfect form at MMC) applies by default as required in section 2.7.1 of ASME

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Y14.5-2009. However, this principle may be overridden with the independency symbol (I), as noted in

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section 2.7.3 of the mentioned document.

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Use of the independency symbol can result in unanticipated consequences and should be used
cautiously and in limited cases.

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7.3 Statistical Control for MMC Characteristic

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If a feature specified at MMC must be controlled with statistical capability, the statistical control will be
performed ignoring the MMC bonus tolerance.
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8 TOLERANCES
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Tolerances must be documented as per ASME Y14.5-2009.

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A note may be added below a feature control frame to clarify the application of the tolerance.

8.1 Trim Edge Tolerance - Thin Parts

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For parts less than 3.0 mm thick, trim edge tolerances may be indicated as shown in Figure 6 or Figure 7.
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Figure 6 - Trim Edge Tolerance - Option #1

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Figure 7 - Trim Edge Tolerance - Option #2

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8.2 Unequally Disposed Tolerances

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Unequally disposed tolerances may be used for statistical capability indices as required. However, it
must be recognized that this technique implies a new mean value for the characteristic in question.

True unilateral (one sided) tolerances, such as straightness, flatness, or roundness may not be used with
most statistical capability indices.
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8.2.1 Prismatic Parts

Unequally disposed tolerances for prismatic parts should be indicated as shown in ASME Y14.5-2009

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section 8.3.1.2 and in Figure 8.

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Figure 8 - Unequal Tolerance for a Prismatic Part

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8.2.2 Thin Parts

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For thin parts, unequally disposed tolerances are to be indicated on the drawing as shown in Figure 9.
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Figure 9 - Unequally Disposed Tolerance Indication

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Unequally disposed tolerances for trim edges are to be indicated on the drawing as shown in Figure 10 or
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Figure 11. For trim edges, the tolerance value after the symbol is understood to be the tolerance
outside the volume of the part; therefore, the phantom line and tolerance zone dimension are optional.
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Figure 10 - Unequally Disposed Trim Edge Tolerance - Option #1

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Figure 11 - Unequally Disposed Trim Edge Tolerance - Option #2

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8.2.3 Unequally Disposed Tolerancing for unilateral specification limits

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For plastic parts, when specific use cases occur, the use of two values with the same sign for USL and
LSL (both positive or both negative) is permissible.
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The value that follows the ‘unequally disposed’ symbol indicates the USL regardless of the direction of the
unilateral tolerance. This is the limit with the greater value in the direction that allows additional material.
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See fig 12
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Examples of specific use cases follow:

- parts modeled with a pre-load on CAD
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- section deformation expected due to geometry and injection/molding technology

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- tolerance change request management

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Figure 12 - Unequally Disposed

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A section is necessary to clarify the direction of control.

8.3 Irregular Features of Size

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If a feature of size is not a standard geometric shape (round, slot, square, rectangle, hexagon), it is
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considered irregular and cannot be documented solely with a position control and size tolerance.
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OPTION 1 – PREFERRED: Position control and “boundary” tolerance as per ASME Y14.5 section
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6.5.5.1. In addition, for body components, if no tolerance is specified in the drawing this type of callout
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applies per CS.00020 sections 2.5.3 (for size) and 4.3.2 (for position).
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Figure 13 - Irregular Feature of Size Example – Option #1

OPTION 2: “All around” callout. The feature is checked like a sheet metal trim edge.
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Figure 14 - Irregular Feature of Size Example – Option #2

OPTION 3: Detail dimensions. In addition to option 1 or option 2, detailed dimensions and/or tolerances
may be required if the feature has high criticality.
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Figure 15 - Irregular Feature of Size Example – Option #3

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8.4 Rate of Change Tolerance

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A rate of change tolerance may be added to a feature to control waviness and abrupt changes of form.

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This callout is typically used in situations where aesthetic appearance is important. See ASME Y14.5-
2009 5.4.2.2 and Figure 16.

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Figure 16 - Rate Of Change Tolerance

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8.5 Composite Feature Control Frames for Complex Parts

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In the case of complex parts, it is acceptable to include all datum references in both the upper and lower
portion of a composite feature control frame.
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When a feature control frame is written in this way (see, for example, Figure 17) it is to be interpreted to
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mean that the form, orientation, and location of the feature must be controlled within the profile tolerance
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specified in the top row of the feature control frame and the form must be controlled within the profile
tolerance specified in the bottom row of the feature control frame.
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Figure 17 - Composite Feature Control Frame

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To validate the bottom row of the feature control frame using CMM inspection, the absolute difference
between the maximum positive deviation and the maximum negative deviation for all measurement points
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on the specified feature must be calculated for each sample.

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Figure 18 - Example of Inspection of Composite Profile Tolerance

For example, for the part shown in Figure 18, points 1, 2, and 3 must lie within a ± 1 mm tolerance zone
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of the nominal part edge and the absolute maximum deviation between any two measured points must
not be greater than 1 mm.
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Composite feature control frames of this type are not mandatory. As required by the application and
function of the part, fewer datums may be specified in the lower row, per ASME Y14.5 section 6.5.9.1.1.
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8.6 Axes of Threaded Features, Splines, and Gears

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Where a threaded feature serves as a datum feature, or is controlled by position, angularity, parallelism,
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or perpendicularity, the axis of the feature may be derived from the major, minor, or pitch diameter.

The default condition is the major diameter for external threads and the minor diameter for internal
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threads.
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For threaded features, datums or geometric controls derived from a pitch diameter require use of a
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threaded feature simulator. See Figure 19.

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In the case of splines or gears there is no default and a note must always be added below the feature
control frame (“MAJOR DIA”, “MINOR DIA”, OR “PITCH DIA”) to indicate how the datum or feature axis is
to be derived.
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EXTERNAL THREAD INTERNAL THREAD

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THREADED
FEATURE

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MAJOR PITCH MINOR PITCH

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DIAMETER DIAMETER DIAMETER DIAMETER

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FEMALE
(RFS)*

CHUCK DEVICE EXPANDABLE MALE

RMB

THREADED

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OR TAPERED OR TAPERED THREADED
SIMULATOR

SLEEVE OR
FEATURE

SLEEVE BUSHING GAGE PIN PLUG

.fc )
al +1
(MMC)**

UNTHREADED
MMB

(NOT (NOT
SLEEVE OR GAGE PIN
PRACTICAL) PRACTICAL)
rn C
BUSHING
te UT

* RMB/RFS: Regardless of Material Boundary / Regardless of Feature Size

** MMB/MMC: Maximum Material Boundary / Maximum Material Condition
ex (
@ PM

Figure 19 - Threaded Feature Conditions

8.7 Cylindrical Parts with Bends

an 49

To constrain the boundary of a nominally cylindrical part with bends, such as a tube or hose, the position
im :
.s 01

tool is used in conjunction with an MMC modifier and the annotation “BOUNDARY”, as shown in Figure
10. The tolerance applies over the full length of a continuous feature by default, or only to the extent
specified by a “between” symbol (↔). The boundary constraining the global size, form, orientation and
se 21

location of the feature is defined by the collective effects of the stated MMC size and the associated
j o , 20

boundary position tolerance at MMC. As an example, in Figure 20 below, the boundary has a sectional
diameter of 33 mm.
25

This concept may also be used without datums being specified, where appropriate, to control the shape
of the part.
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Figure 20 - Cylindrical Parts With Bends

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9 APPROVED SOURCE LIST

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Not applicable.
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Annex A

C
(Normative)

24
Unconstrained Freestate and Datum Feature Pre-Qualification

42
Assessments

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Unconstrained freestate evaluation and datum feature pre-qualification are two methods that can be used

.c : F
to assess the dimensional quality of flexible parts prior to fully constraining them in a gage or fixture.

up rid
In the industry, there are a variety of methods to perform these assessments. This annex documents the
procedures required by FCA.

ro se
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A.1 Unconstrained Freestate Evaluation
An unconstrained freestate evaluation is performed when the part is located by the gage pins, all of the
.fc )
al +1
datum target simulators (net pads) are in place, all the datum target clamps are open and the part is free
of any applied forces.
rn C
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When this evaluation is required, the following note, or a similar note, should be added to the engineering
drawing:
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.s 01
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Figure A-1 - Example of Unconstrained Freestate Tolerance Requirement

j o , 20

Potential measurement methods are:

- Attribute check: the inspector is to measure distance between the part and all datum feature simulators
25

(net pads) to validate that the profile of surface tolerance has been satisfied. The operator may
optimally position the part in the fixture or gage. Note that some datum features in the center of large
parts may be difficult or impossible to access for evaluation.
ch

- Optical scan, photogrammetry, CMM or other variable data collection device: the inspector is required
to align the scan data to the fundamental datums and to validate that the profile of surface tolerance
ar

has been satisfied at each supplemental datum feature.

M

- CMM inspection may not be feasible in all cases because it is difficult to optimally position the part on
the fixture or gage. In addition, if the part is highly flexible, the part may be distorted by the CMM probe
on

itself, resulting in an inaccurate measurement.

NOTES:
1. Requires the checking orientation to be “gravity friendly”, which means the part can rest in the
fixture or gage without any clamps applied.
2. The profile tolerance is considered to be unilaterally away from the datum target simulator (net
pad). It is allowable to specify an unequal bilateral tolerance to account for material thickness
variation and measurement system error. In the example above, the part may have a gap of up
to 2.0 mm away from the datum target simulator.
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3. MMC gage pins are mandatory for freestate evaluation because RFS pins have the effect of
inducing unwanted forces on the part.
4. Because of the limitations of the measurement methods, it may not be possible for freestate

C
evaluation data to be charted, templated in eCMM, or be subject to capability assessments. As

24
shown in the example above, it is acceptable to add a note to the engineering drawing to clarify
this requirement.

42
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.fc )
al +1
rn C

FREESTATE MEASUREMENT (UNILATERAL TOLERANCE)

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DATUM FEATURE SIMULATOR

(NET PAD) LEFT IN PLACE
ex (
@ PM

Figure A-2 - Unconstrained Freestate Clamping Condition (UF)

an 49

A.2 Datum Feature Pre-Qualification Evaluation

im :

A datum feature pre-qualification is performed when the part is located by the gage pins with only
.s 01

fundamental datum target clamps engaged. The part is inspected at the remaining specified supplemental
datum features with the supplemental datum target simulators (net pads) removed and the specified
se 21

clamps open.
j o , 20

As an example, when this evaluation is required, the following note will be added to the engineering
drawing:
25
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Figure A-3 - Example of Datum Pre-Qualification Tolerance Requirement

Potential measurement methods are:

- CMM inspection.
- Optical scan or photogrammetry is possible if the part is constrained in a checking gage or fixture at the
fundamental datums and the applicable supplemental datum target simulators (net pads) are removed
and applicable clamps are left open.
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NOTES:
1. Compatible with any checking fixture orientation.
2. Datum feature simulators (net pads) must be removable, unless otherwise specified.

C
3. The profile tolerance may or may not be unilateral. If the tolerance is unilateral, the orientation of

24
the tolerance zone must be clearly specified.
4. In the example above, datums D1 through D5 are measured prior to clamping. If part checks

42
within the profile tolerance of ± 1.5 mm, datums D1 through D5 can be clamped and the
remaining measurements performed.

om 9
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5. MMC gage pins are not mandatory for datum feature pre-qualification.
6. If variable data is collected, pre-qualification data is expected to be charted in eCMM or

up rid
equivalent templates and could be subject to process capability requirements.

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CMM PROBE
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PRE-QUALIFICATION TOLERANCE ZONE

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DATUM FEATURE SIMULATOR

(NET PAD) REMOVED
se 21

Figure A-4 - Pre-Qualification Clamping Condition (PQ)

j o , 20

A.3 Clamped and Support Datums

25

Datums may also require “clamped” or “support” clamping conditions as per section 6.5.
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NO CLAMP

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.fc )
al +1
Figure A-5 - Support (S) and Clamped (C) Conditions
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Table A-1 - Clamping Condition Summary

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APPLICABLE TO APPLICABLE TO CMM ATTRIBUTE REMOVABLE

FUNDAMENTAL SUPPLAMENTAL MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT NET PAD
DATUMS? DATUMS? POSSIBLE? POSSIBLE? REQUIRED?

CLAMPED C YES YES NO NO NO

an 49

PRE-QUALIFICATION PQ NO YES YES NO YES

UNCONSTRAINED /
im :

UF YES YES YES YES NO

.s 01

FREESTATE
SUPPORT S YES YES YES YES NO
se 21

Example of datum feature pre-qualification control points and associated eCMM template:
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Figure A-6 - Example of Pre-Qualification Documentation and Results Template

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Annex B
(Descriptive)

C
ASME / ATool Map

24
42
The purpose of this annex is to explain the possible different cases that can occur when using ATool
software to define a datum feature on a hole feature.

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 According to ASME:

up rid
ro se
≠ ≠

ag - u
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rn C

 Annotations currently replicable by A-Tool:  Degree of Freedom:

te UT

OK KO z
Rotational Freedom:
ex (

u = About X Axis
v = About Y Axis
@ PM

w = About Z Axis w
Translational Freedom:
x = Along X Axis
an 49

y = Along Y Axis
x v y
z = Along Z Axis u
im :
.s 01
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Locked degree of freedom (in red)

C
ASME A-Tool Pin shape

24
Thickness ≤ 4 mm Thickness > 4 mm

42
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z z

.c : F
w w

up rid
u v

ro se
x y x u v y

ag - u
z z

.fc ) w w
al +1
rn C

x u v y x v y
u
te UT
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@ PM

z z

w w
an 49
im :

x u v y x y
.s 01

u v
se 21

z z
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w w
25

x u v y x u v y
ch

z z
ar

w w
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on

x u v y x u v y

z z

w w

x u v y x u v y
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x

ro se
CS.00019

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u
u
w

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z
z

v
v

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y
y

24
x

C
x

u
u
w

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z
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