Tacheometric

Levelling

Engr. Noman khan

Lecturer, CED, SUIT.

Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 1

 Example 1:
• A tacheometer was setup at a station P and following readings were obtained on vertically held staff.

Station Staff Vertical Hair Readings Remarks

Station Angle
P B.M - 4o 22’ 1.050 1.103 1.156 RL of BM=
Q + 10o 0’ 0.952 1.055 1.158 1958.500

• The constants of the instruments were (k= f/i)100 and (C= f+d) 0.1.
• Find Horizontal distance between P and Q and R.L of Q.
Solution:
• D = k s cos2Ө + C cosӨ

Sin2Ө
• V=ks + C sinӨ
2

Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 2

Solution:

Station Staff Vertical Hair Readings Remarks

Station Angle
P B.M - 4o 22’ 1.050 1.103 1.156 RL of BM=
Q + 10o 0’ 0.952 1.055 1.158 1958.500

First observation:
S1 = 1.156 – 1.050 = 0.106 , O = - 4o 22’
V1= 100 x 0.106 x sin(2x 4o 22)/2 + 0.1 x sin 4o 22 = 0.812 m
Second Observation:
S2 = 1.158 – 0.952 = 0.206 , O = + 10o 0’
V2 = 100 X 0.206 x sin(2x + 10o 0’)/2 + 0.1 x sin + 10o 0’= 0.354 m
D2 = 100 x 0.206 x cos2 10o 0’+ 0.1 + sin 10o 0’ = 20.078 m (distance PQ)

RL of inst. Axis = RL of BM + Backsight + V1

= 1958.500 + 1.103 + 0.812 = 1960.215m

RL of Q = RL of inst. Axis + V2 – foresight

=1960.215 + 0.354 – 1.055 = 1959.514 m
Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 3
Example 2:
• To determined the elevation of station A, the following observation were taken , the rod held
vertically. The instrument fitted with Anallatic lens and value of constant was 100 .

Inst. Height Staff Vertical Staff Reading Remarks

Station of Station angle
instrum
ent
O 1.440 B.M - 5o40’ 1.332 1.896 2.460 R.L of BM
B 1.440 C.P +8o 20’ 0.780 1.263 1.746 = 158.205
m
Solution: A 1.380 C.P -6o 24’ 1.158 1.617 2.076
• Since instrument fitted with anallatic lens, the additive constant (f+d) = C = 0 and multiplying
constant (f/i) = k =100

• V = k s Sin2Ө+ C sinӨ
2
• V=ks Sin2Ө
2
Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 4
 Inst. Height of Staff Vertical Staff Reading Remarks
Station instrument Station angle
O 1.440 B.M - 5o40’ 1.332 1.896 2.460 R.L of
B 1.440 C.P +8o 20’ 0.780 1.263 1.746 BM =
158.205
A 1.380 C.P -6o 24’ 1.158 1.617 2.076 m
Solution:
Vertical distances above or below the inst. Axis.
V1= 100(2.460 – 1.332) x sin(11o20’)/2 = 11.082 m
V2= 100(1.746 – 0.780) x sin (16o40’)/2 = 13.854 m
V3 = 100 (2.076 – 1.158 ) x sin(12o 48’)/2 = 10.170 m

R.L of O inst. Axis = R.L of B.M + axial reading + V1

= 158.205 + 1.896 + 11.082 = 171.183

R.L of C.P = R.L of inst. Axis + V2 – axial reading

= 171.183 + 13.854 – 1.263 = 183.774 m

R.L of inst. Axis at A = R.L of C.P + axial reading + V3

= 183.774 + 1.617 + 10.70 = 195.561 m

R.L of A = R.L of inst. Axis at A – hi

= 195.561 – 1.380 = 194.181 m
Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 5
Example 3:

• The following observations refers to a line levelled with a tacheometer with anallatic

lens having multiplying constant of 100 and staff held vertically.

Inst. Height of Staff Vertical Staff Reading Remarks

Station instrume Station angle
nt
P 1.50 B.M - 6o12’ 2.067 1.515 0.963 R.L of BM =
P 1.50 Q +7o 05’ 1.863 1.341 0.819 460.650 m

Q 1.60 R +12o 27’ 3.030 2.445 1.860

Calculate the reduced level of P , Q and R and the horizontal distance PQ and QR

Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 6

Example 4:

• The following is the data relative to observations made on vertically held staff with a tacheometer

fitted with anallatic lens. The constant was 100 and the staff being held vertically.

Inst. Height Staff W.C.B Vertical Staff Reading Remarks

Station of Station angle
instrum
ent
O 1.56 A +12o 25’ 0o0’ 2.62 2.25 1.88 R.L of O =
130.25 m
B +7o 05’ -15o 10’ 2.47 2.15 1.83

Calculate the distance AB and the reduced level of A and B

Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 7

Problem#01: The readings given below were made with a tacheometric theodolite having a multiplying
constant of 100 and no additive constant. The reduced level at station A was 100.0 m and the height of the
instrument axis 1.35 m above the ground. Calculate the gradient expressed as the horizontal distance one meter
rise or fall vertically between the station’s B and C (Fig. 1).

Station To WCB Vertical Stadia Reading

Angle
UH MH LH
A B 48o0’ 11o30’ 2.048 1.524 1.000

C 138o0’ -17o0’ 2.112 1.356 .600

Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 8

 Fig:1

H=KS cos2 Ø
Here K =100, S =2.048 - 1.000 =1.048
Ø =11°30’
H 100 x 1.048 x cos2 11°30' =100.634 m
V= (1/2)KS sin 2 Ø
= (1/2)100 x 1.048 x sin 23° = 20.47 m
R.L. of station B = R.L. of A + 1.35 + 20.47 - 1.524
= R.L. of A + 20.296 m
From station A to C (Fig.2 )
H = KS cos2 Ø
=100 (2.112 - 0.600) x cos2 17°
= 138.28 m
Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 9
 Fig:2
V =(1/2) KS sin 2Ø =
(1/2)*100 x 1.512 x sin 34° =
42.27 m
R.L. of station C =R.L. of A + 1.35 - 42.27 - 1.356
= R.L. of A - 42.276 1
Difference of level between Band C (Fig.2) = 62.572 m
BC =(l00.6342 + 138.282)1/2
= 171.022 m
slope BC = 62.572/171.022
= 1/2.73

Engr.Noman Khan (noman.civil@suit.edu.pk) 10