DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION TRM

POCHOLO MARI T. ARABIT

 Acknowledgement

This book is dedicated to the 21 st century learners of this generation. I’m exceptionally grateful to REX
publishing Publishing for considering my credentials and skills to write this worktext. I’d like to specially
thank Ms. Carla Vee Ababon, a REX Publishing author, for giving me the opportunity to connect with REX
Publishing in writing this worktext. She was the one who recommended me to one of the administrators
of REX Publishing. I’d also like to thank my current affiliation, the Senior High School Department of the
University of Santo Tomas for allowing me to enrich young minds in teaching and to fulfill my vocation
as a teacher. In addition to this, our Senior High School department was also the forerunner in guiding
me as a moderator for our Crisis Control Council, a student-led organization with whichthat I work
closely with. Without this opportunity, I may not have been involved with promoting safety and
resilience in our University which started the inspiration for writing this book. In addition, I’d also like to
recognize the special help of Mr. Ven Paolo B. Valenzuela of the Graduate Program in Sustainability
Science Global Leadership Initiative in the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. He was very
accommodating in sharing his published articles that highlighted disaster awareness.

Furthermore, I would like to thank my wife, Renalyn Jane Tan-Arabit for endlessly supporting me
throughout the writing process of this book. She’s been a source of inspiration for my work and
vocation. Lastly, I’d like to thank God Aalmighty for granting me life, skills, and gifts to bring this work
into fruition.
 Introduction to Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

The recent times have brought about a myriad of uncertainties that warrant a greater
understanding of existing hazards and disasters around us. The worktext, Disaster Readiness and Risk
Reduction was crafted in adherence to Republic Act No. 10121 or the Disaster Management Act of 2010.
The law is accordance with one of the priorities for action of the globally known Hyogo Framework For
Action of 2005, to quote: “Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all levels”, where in education on Disaster Risk Reduction Management is a must. In the
country’s own way, we are embracing globalization by taking to heart the global standards and
materializing it through education and learning materials such as this book.

As an initiative under the guidance of DEPED and REX Publishing, the worktext follows the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) directive published by DEPED which aims to make published
contents applicable to multiple learning areas as at the same time widely applicable in building the 21 st
century learners’ skills in real-life situations and scenarios. MELCs also serve as a bridge for learning with
or without the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The contents of this book champion the Whole
Child Approach of REX Publishing which aims to help learners fully prepare for college, career, and
citizenship by focusing on approaches that will embody a 1) Healthy, 2) Safe, 3) Engaged, 4) Supported,
and 5) Challenged learning environment. Furthermore, emphasis on the roles of the individual, students,
families, schools, government, and communities in Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction is reflected
throughout discussions and activities of the text.

UNIT 1 aids in building more understanding of why and how we experience disasters not just in
the Philippines but over a global-scale. Basic concepts of disaster, disaster risk, exposure, vulnerability
and hazards are covered here. In this unit, we isolate the sources of disasters and vulnerabilities and
emphasize the various situations each community has. More importantly, it is here where interplay of
various forces areis taken into account. The occurrence of a disaster is never a one-sided
phenomenon,phenomenon; relationships of disaster risk contributors must continually be evaluated.

UNIT 2 specifically targets natural disasters and their management. It identifies the science
behind the occurrence of such events and takes into account the concepts of UNIT 1 in application. In
addition, various ways of monitoring, preparing, and responding are also highlighted in this unit.

UNIT 3 focuses on the concepts, policies and programs around the management and
understanding of disaster risk. It is here where we make sense as to why the Philippines has crafted
programs and initiatives to increase safety and resilience. The unit also highlights global standards and
laws as well as community-based approaches that are worth following. Additionally, it recognizes the
variety of Filipino communities and covers survival and management tips for every location.

This The distinguishing features of this book are the following:

Readability: The terminologies used and the concepts discussed as examples are simplified in a way that
would help the reader grasp the ideas in one sitting. Likewise, images are included whenever possible to
aid the retention and scaffolding of the learner.

Application: The activities and the examples used relate to recent events and pivotal historical scenarios
in DRRM. Likewise, activities are set to not only develop the learner’s competencies but also assist them
in developing their soft-skills which is essential for every 21 st Century Learner. Most activities highlight
interaction with peers and communities as well as integration of applications to further boost
experiential learning.

User-friendliness in its varied approach: The book and its contents can work to the use of individuals of
today’s generation who value the integration of technology into their study habits. From time to time,
there will be instances where a supplementary video will be incorporated into the Chapter. This frees
the learner from the conventional approaches of relying solely on the book for learning. Likewise,
mobile or web-based applications are highly encouraged for users all through-out the chapters.
 Contents

Curriculum Map………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..ii

UNIT 1 Understanding How Hazards Turn into Disasters ……………………………………………………………………… 4

Lesson 1 Basic Concept of Hazard ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….6
Lesson 2 Vulnerability and Exposure ………………………………………………………………………………………………….22
Lesson 3 Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk ………………………………………………………………………….43

UNIT 2 Understanding and Mitigating Natural Disasters ……………………………………………………………………...69

Lesson 4 Potential Earthquake Hazards ………………………………………………………………………………….………....71
Lesson 5 Volcano Hazards …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….105
Lesson 6 Geologic Hazards …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…144
Lesson 7 Hydrometeorological Hazards ……………………………………………………………………………………………173
Lesson 8 Fire Hazards …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…219

UNIT 3 Managing Disasters – Concepts, Policies, and Programs …………………………………………….…..………252

Lesson 9 Key Concepts, Principles and Elements of DRR………… ……………………..………………………….……..253
Lesson 10 Community-based Disaster Risk Management ………..……………………………………………………….268
Lesson 11 DRR Laws and Policies….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….…..294