ST. PETER’S COLLEGE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL, INC.

15th de Septiembre St., Brgy. 2, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL YEAR 2021-2022

TOPIC OUTLINE IN PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

(Communication for Academic Purposes)

What is Communication for Academic Purposes?

 Academic communication, also called scholarly communication, refers to
methods of communication that are highly structured and generally only
used in pedagogical settings. Academic communication can include the
words and structures used to express ideas, as well as the methods by
which ideas are disseminated.

 Examples
 English Literary Studies.
 Foreign Language Linguistics.
 Graphic Communication Arts.
 Journalism Studies.
 Literary Composition.
 Publishing Services.
 Radio and Television Communications.

I. ACADEMIC ESSAY
 What is Academic Essay?
 An academic essay is a focused piece of writing that develops an idea
or argument using evidence, analysis and interpretation. It aims to
persuade readers of an idea based on evidence.
 An academic essay should answer a question or task.
 It should have a thesis statement, which is the answer to the
question, and an argument.
 It should try to present or discuss something: develop a thesis via
a set of closely related points by reasoning and evidence.
 An academic essay should include relevant examples, supporting
evidence and information from academic text or credible sources.

 Academic essay writing process

1. Preparation
2. Writing
3. Revision

 Steps in Preparation for writing an academic essay

1. Understand your assignment
2. Define a topic
3. Do your research
4. Come up with a thesis
5. Create an outline

 Steps in writing
 Writing the Introduction
1. Hook your reader

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 2. Provide background on your topic
3. Present the thesis statement
4. Map the structure

 Writing the main body

1. Length of the body text
2. Paragraph structure

 Writing the conclusion

1. Returns to your thesis
2. Ties together your main points
3. Shows with your argument matters

 Importance of Academic Writing in Communication

 Academic writing is essential to every student and can be used to
enhance one’s communication skills. With it, a student can show how
to apply the knowledge acquired so far. Academic writing serves as a
tool of communication that conveys acquired knowledge in a specific
field of study. Writing academically will help students analyze, convey
understanding, think critically and focus on technique and style.

II. NARRATIVE
 What is Narrative?
 a spoken or written account of connected events. A narrative essay
tells a story, this type of essay allows you to get personal and creative
unlike most academic writing.
 In academic purposes, narrative writing is defined collecting and
analyzing that accounts people tell to describe experiences.
Researcher’s write narratives about experiences of individual and
discuss the meaning of the experience.

 The main purpose of Narrative writing

1. To persuade
2. To inform
3. To entertain

 Written forms of Narration

1. Personal essays
2. Fairy tales
3. Short stories
4. Novels
5. Plays
6. Screenplays
7. Autobiographies
8. Histories

 Narrative Essay Topics

 Describe how you and your family survived the quarantine. Explain
how it affected you.
 Talk about your experience of being engaged in remote learning. How
did it affect your grades and overall performance? Do you think that
remote education is better or worse than the traditional alternative?

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  Write a story that explains the importance of technology in the
modern person’s life.
 Write a story that explains the value of every person’s contribution to
the process of solving the global problem of climate change.

III. DESCRIPTIVE
 What is Descriptive?
 A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary
statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features from
a collection of information.

 Examples of Descriptive
1. Papers reporting on human subjects
2. Demographic or clinical characteristics such as the average age

IV. COMPARE – CONTRAST

 What is Comparison- Contrast?
 Compare and contrast is a rhetorical style that discusses the
similarities and differences of two or more things: ideas, concepts,
items, places, etc. This rhetorical style is one that you’ll see often as a
complete essay, but you may also use it quite a lot within paragraphs
of any kind of essay in which you need to make some kind of
comparison to help illustrate a point.

 Compare and Contrast Structure Words

 Compare
 Similarly
 Likewise
 also
 both... and...
 not only... but also...
 neither... nor...
 just like (+ noun)
 similar to (+ noun)
 to be similar (to)
 to be the same as
 to be alike
 to compare (to/with)

 Contrast
 However
 In contrast
 In comparison
 By comparison
 On the other hand
 while
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  whereas
 but
 to differ from
 to be different (from)
 to be dissimilar to
 to be unlike

 Techniques in Comparison- Contrast

1. Basis of Comparison
2. Alternating Method
3. Block Method
4. Combination Method

V. PROCESS
 What is Process?
 A process is an action that proceeds through a series of steps and
achieves a desired goal. Primarily, process analysis explains how
something happened or happens. A process analysis either analyzes
the procedures for a completed act or explains the procedure for an
upcoming act.

 Transition words used in writing a process essay

1. Immediately
2. Initially
3. In the end
4. In the future
5. In the meanwhile
6. Later
7. Next
8. Soon
9. Eventually
10. Finally
11. Firstly
12. Secondly

VI. CAUSE – EEFFECT

 What is Cause - Effect?
 Is a relationship between event or things, where one is the result of
the other or others.
 Explains why things happen.

 What is Cause?
 Reason for something happening
 Why something happens
 Always happen before the effects

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 Common signal words
 Because, since, due to, if and when

 What is Effect?
 What happened
 Result
 Common signal words
 So, therefore, as a result, consequently, thus and then

VII. PROBLEM – SOLUTION

 What is Problem - Solution?
 Problem and solution text structure shows the development of a
problem and the solution(s) to the problem. The author takes a
problem, clarifies or explains the problem and suggests one or more
solutions to the problem. Problem and solution text structure is a
common structure for Mathematics Texts and Business Texts.

 Signal words
 Propose, solution, answer, issue, problem, problematic, remedy,
prevention, fix, since, the problem is, the puzzle is, the dilemma is,
the question is, as a consequence, this led to, so that, nevertheless,
accordingly, one reason of the problem, if, so, perhaps, possibly, a
solution is, solutions are, this resulted in, one answer is and
therefore.

VIII. DEFINITION
 What is Definition?
 It is the method of identifying a given term and makingits meaning
clearer.
 Its main purpose is to clarify and explain concepts, ideas, and issues
by answering the question, “What does it mean?”
 This mode of explanation contains the term to be defined and the
detailed exposition of the term through the use of illustrations,
examples, and descriptions.
 Three ways presented in definition
 Informal definition
 Formal definition
 Extended definition

IX. PERSUASIVE
 What is Persuasive?
 Convincing others to change their point of view, agree to a
commitment, purchase a product or service, or take a course of
action.

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 Process of Persuasive
1. Make a valid and supportable claim
2. Use engaging ststorytelling
3. Focus on one side of an argument only
4. Conduct in-depth audience analysis
5. Work on persuasive strategy
6. Keep all ideas clearly organised
7. Use strong and active language
8. Select your sources wisely
9. Smoothly transition between ideas
10. Use examples to demonstrate your point

Prepared by:

NIEZL JIA T. OLARIO

Instructor

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