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Early Astronomy
Early Astronomy
• In the heliocentric
model, Earth and other
planets orbit the sun.
The Renaissance
and the Heliocentric
Solar System
Aristarchus was condemned by his
own religious leaders for his theory.
• A circle is a
closed curved
shape that is flat.
In a circle, all
points on the
circle are equally
distant from the
center of the
circle.
•An ellipse is also a closed curved shape
that is flat.
•Instead of having all points the same
distance from the center (like a circle), an
ellipse has two focus points.
• Second Law: Kepler determined that a
planet travels most rapidly when it comes
closest to the Sun and moves slowest
when farthest away.
Planet Revolution
Third Law: Keppler’s third law gives the
precise relation between the distance of a
planet from the Sun and how fast it
completes an orbit, using Astronomical
Units (AU).
One AU equals
150 million km,
the average
distance of the
Earth from the
Sun.
http://www.slideshare.net/simonandi
sa/94-orbital-motion-keplers-third-
law
Galileo Galilei
• 1564 to 1642
• Very talented
mathematician
• Excellent
experimenter and
astronomer
• Originally trained in
medicine but never
completed the
degree
Galileo Galilei
• Strong believer in the
Copernican system.
• Understood that an object
that is dropped will fall
straight down, not left
behind because of the
Earth’s rotation!
• Used a telescope to look
at the heavens and made
improvements in quality
and magnification.
Galileo Galilei
• Galileo wrote a book
in Italian about the
new evidence for the
Copernican system.
• He ultimately faced
the Inquisition and
was force to
renounce the
Copernican system
Galileo Galilei
• He was sentenced to
house arrest for the
last ten years of his
life.
• During that time he
wrote his most
complete argument
for the Copernican
system.
• Galileo not only
provided
evidence that
proved the
heliocentric
model accurate,
but he also
invented
pendulum clocks
and the modern
thermometer.
• He also created
one of the first
telescopes,
without anything
but a written
description to
guide him. He
even ground
glass for its
lenses himself.
Galileo used his telescope to view
the universe in a new way. He
made important discoveries that
supported Copernicus’ heliocentric
model of the universe.
1. The discovery of
the largest four
moons of Jupiter.
(Galileo
thought the
moon’s dark
areas might
be seas.)
5. The sun has sunspots,
or dark regions.
2. If an object is acted
on by an outside net
force, it will
accelerate according
to the following
formula
a=F/m
Isaac Newton
• 3 Laws of Motion
often called
action-reaction law
Isaac Newton
• Law of Universal
Gravitation
• Newton’s great
revelation was that
the same force that
pulls an apple toward
the surface of the
Earth is the same
force that holds the
moon in orbit
Universal Gravitation
1. Every body in the universe attracts
every other body with a force
directionally proportional to their
masses.
• Newton also
invented the
reflecting
telescope
Isaac Newton
• Much of Newton’s life was
filled with controversy.
• He fought with many other
scientists and
mathematicians over who
was the discoverer of various
ideas.
• These included Leibnitz
(calculus) and Hooke (optics)
and several others.
Isaac Newton
• Newton is often credited as
the greatest scientist of all
time.
• He impacted more areas of
science and even invented
an entire branch of
mathematics called calculus.
• He was knighted among his
many honors and served as
president of the Royal
Society (a scientific
watchdog)
• He was ill for the last two
years of his life and was
buried in Westminster Abbey
after his death.
Isaac Newton
Famous Quotes