A Comprehensive Bio-policy Implementation and Utilization of Bio-security Measures to

avert swine diseases

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................4
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................6
POLICY ALTERNATIVE....................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION....................................................................9
BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................11
APPENDICES......................................................................................................................13

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
 This policy is meant to provide interim measures in cases were applying bio policy on a
national scale would be a plausible indicator of preventing African Swine Fever (ASF).
The collection of informative data will determine how effective hog raisers' biosecurity
efforts are in combating this specific disease, including sanitation and hygiene. All linked
programs with a specified purpose are intended to boost swine output. In terms of
biosecurity, the proposed policy can be utilized as a foundation to develop other policies
for different livestock and livestock-related diseases. Additional operations may be
required to establish a protected route/s for the movement of uninfected swine and pig
products in the market in order to preserve the supply chain and keep market pricing and
supplies consistent.
 Budget-related activities may involve the policy, such as savings for the policy's
execution and maintenance, as well as other connected expenses to keep the policy
running until its life expectancy expires. Alternative policies have been implemented as
back-up policies to ensure that this implementation occurs. Because the issue was all
about preventing, implementing, and preventing swine infections, these alternate tactics
were chosen to be related to our main goals.
 They are the adopted policies that were chosen because they can aid our policy in the
continuous circulation of our program and provide a solution to our policy's difficulties.
The Philippines government implemented a policy to prevent the spread of African Swine
Fever (ASF) by providing a developed biosecurity program, which included procedures
and was relayed to hog farm owners and backyard hog raisers through seminars and
training. The policy was a success because it was able to achieve the main goal, which
was to prevent swine diseases across the Philippines.

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INTRODUCTION
 African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs. In its acute form,
the disease generally results in high mortality. ASF is a different disease to swine flu. The
virus does not affect people and there is no impact on human health.
 In order to control an infectious disease like African swine fever at source, rapid tracing
of a new outbreak is essential. Pig farmers bear great responsibility. They see their pigs
daily and will be the first to observe suspected symptoms. In this regard, it is essential
that the right follow-up steps be taken quickly to confirm the disease in the laboratory or
to rule it out.
 African swine fever is already appearing as losses in the Philippines’ farms. In 2021,
African swine fever in the Philippines has increased the risk for poverty for many
households after the disease killed pig deaths nationwide.
 This has forced the country to ramp up pork imports to address an acute domestic
shortage. The Philippines Department of Agriculture (DA)’s Bureau of Animal Industry
(BAI) highlighted that, since mid-2019, the ASF virus has affected pig farms in 2,981
barangays, in 579 cities and municipalities, mostly in Luzon. “The incidence peaked in
August 2020, with 1,773 positive samples”
 Prevention in countries free of the disease depends on implementation of appropriate
import policies and biosecurity measures, ensuring that neither infected live pigs nor pork
products are introduced into areas free of ASF. This includes ensuring proper disposal of
waste food from aircraft, ships or vehicles coming from affected countries and policing
illegal imports of live pigs and pork products from affected countries and also ban the
swill feeding and being alert to exposing pigs and wild boar ‘by accident' to possibly
infected food products.
 During outbreaks and in affected countries, control of ASF can be difficult and must be
adapted to the specific epidemiological situation. Cleaning and disinfection of livestock
transports returning from abroad. Cleaning and disinfection of materials used when
hunting in or near infected areas. Classic sanitary measures may be employed including
early detection and humane killing of thorough cleansing and disinfection;
zoning/compartmentalization and movement controls; surveillance and detailed
epidemiological investigation; strict biosecurity measures on farms. Depending on the
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 epidemiological situation, the involvement of the soft tick vector should also be
considered in the control program.
 Enhanced outcomes of biosecurity include better risk analysis, ability to consider
complete exposure pathways, integrated responses to new and emerging diseases,
rationalization of controls, improved emergency preparedness and response, integrated
surveillance or traceability systems and use that is more efficient.

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PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
 ASF can be brought onto a farm by people who have visited farms in ASF-affected areas
because to a lack of robust on-farm biosecurity regulations. Bringing infected food,
clothing, or equipment into farms is an example of this.
 International travelers - People who travel to ASF-affected nations, such as farm laborers,
foreign exchange students, or hunters, may carry back contaminated food, clothing, or
equipment.
 ASF can survive for several months in fresh, frozen, cooked, partially cooked, and
processed pork products, making it ideal for small-scale producers and pig pet owners.
Feeding virus-infected food scraps to pigs can spread the sickness to their animals.
 ASF can be transmitted to animals by contaminated feed or feed additives.
 ASF can be spread directly between sick and healthy pigs through contact with wild pigs.
Contact with the blood, tissues, secretions, and excretions of infected pigs’ causes this.
 Financial stability only occurs due to African swine fever. It will be recalled that the
African Swine Fever (ASF) entered our shores in 2019 through smuggled swill feed
imported from China. It could also easily infect other swine, also one of the reasons why
consumers have doubts about buying pork meat due to being afraid on the disease. It is
also the major reason why a sudden price hike change of pork meat happens. What is the
main reason for this event? It is the shortage of supply. Due to ASF, importing of swine
from other countries became unavailable temporarily but the demand increased and
supplies decreased.
 African swine fever (ASF) is a serious viral disease of pigs that can cause fever, internal
bleeding and high death rates. It is contagious and can spread between pigs through both
direct and indirect contact with other infected pigs or pig products.
 African swine fever only affects members of the pig family.
 No risks to human health. There is no evidence that the ASF virus can infect humans, and
it is not considered a food safety risk.
 The clinical signs of ASF range from mild to severe and may appear suddenly or cause
chronic illness. The disease looks very similar to classical swine fever.

 ASF virus can cause the following symptoms:

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 1. High fever
2. Loss of appetite
3. Weakness
4. Inability to stand
5. Reddening of the skin
6. Internal bleeding
7. Vomiting and diarrhea (sometimes bloody)
8. Abortions in pregnant sows
9. Death may occur suddenly or following a period of illness
 The problem behind the continuous spread and dispersion of ASF can be attributed to the
lack and/or poor management and establishment of quarantine facilities. Specifically, the
problems behind ASF spread includes:
1. Lack of or ineffective execution of preventive measures such as wild pig
compartmentalization, vehicle, pig, and manure control, and ASF quarantine
control zone identification;
2. Failure to properly address of the outbreak;
3. Improper management of quarantine facilities;
4. Ineffective implementations of quarantine procedures including mobility
restrictions, precise examination, slaughtering, etc.; and
5. Insufficient quarantine education programs like simulated quarantine training and
field visits that promote knowledge and capacity of farms and animal quarantine
officers to quarantine facility management.

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POLICY ALTERNATIVE
 Three alternative policies have been adopted to serve as back up policies to make this
implementation happen. First, Complementary and alternative approaches to managing
African swine fever in resource constraints small setting. Second, African swine fever
status challenges and status for farm raiser. Lastly, Swine disease prevention for backyard
and commercial pig farms. These chosen alternative policies are related in our title main
objectives since the problem of it was all about prevention, implementation, and averting
swine diseases.
 Two chosen adopted policy
o Complementary and alternative approaches to managing African swine fever in
resource constraints small setting.
o Swine disease prevention for backyard and commercial pig farms
 They are the chosen adopted policies because they can help to our policy in continuous
circulation of our program and to solve the problem of our policy by their following
specific objective, we can make sure that the policy will be effective and efficient to be
implemented.

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION
The implemented policy proved to be successful as it is able achieve the main objective
which is to avert swine diseases across the Philippines nationwide by providing the developed
biosecurity program such as procedures and relayed through seminars, and trainings to give
awareness of African Swine Fever (ASF) to the hog farm owners and backyard hog raisers.
Cleaning and sanitations of the facilities, swine transport trucks, and sanitation and the
mandatory requirement of wearing PPEs of the staffs are proven to be effective in lessening the
spreading of swine diseases on company hog farms facilities and equipment. Segregation of
infected swine by moving them into the designated quarantine facilities, and transport restriction
of unaffected swine and pork products, and the distribution of vitamins to the hog farm owners
and backyard hog raisers for swine. All of this were successfully conveyed to hog farm owners
and backyard hog raisers, local government units, and the provincial governments by the
developed biosecurity program through seminars and trainings.
The policy is only for swine and all in related to it especially the African Swine Fever
(ASF), from the developed biosecurity program to its procedures. Further analyzations and
assessments are needed on the activity of transport restrictions of unaffected swine and pork
products that may cause a noticeable hit such as unstable prices and inadequate supplies on the
market. Budget make take a hit based on events that may present as obstruction in reaching other
areas in the Philippines, in gathering data, and other activities that needed for the policy makers
to travel, these events can be natural disasters, and recession.

RECOMMENDATION
The developed policy may be used as foundation to create other policies for other
livestock and livestock related diseases in terms of biosecurity.
Additional implementation of activities may require in order to establish a protected
route/s for the transportation of uninfected swine and pork products to maintain the supply chain
in the market, keeping the market’s prices and supplies stable.

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 Budget related activities may include to the policy such as savings for the policy’s
execution and maintenance, and other related expenses for the purpose of keeping the policy
running until the end of its life expectancy.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Nantima, N., & Officer, P. V. ASF status, challenges and priorities for Eastern
Africa region from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/NoelinaNantima/publication/272021147_African
_Swine_fever_Status_challenges_and_priorities_for_Eastern_Africa_region/links/54d8d
6320cf24647581c7435/African-Swine-fever-Status-challenges-and-priorities-for-
Eastern- Africa-region.pdf

Penrith, M.-L., Bastos, A., & Chenais, E. (2021). With or without a Vaccine—A
Review of Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Managing African
Swine Fever in Resource-Constrained Smallholder Settings. Vaccines, 9(2), 116.
MDPI AG. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020116

Swine Disease Prevention Strategies. (2020, January 8). Osborne Livestock

Equipment. Retrieved from:
https://osbornelivestockequipment.com/news/swine- disease-prevention-
strategies/

Ministry of Agriculture, F. a. (n.d.). Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural

Affairs. Retrieved from MAFRA:
https://www.mafra.go.kr/english/2722/subview.do

African swine fever (ASF) - fact sheet. (n.d.). GOVERNMENT OF CANADA.

https://inspection.canada.ca/animal-health/terrestrial-
animals/diseases/reportable/african-swine-fever/fact-
sheet/eng/1306993248674/1306993787261

African swine fever. (2021, December 3). OIE - World Organisation for Animal
Health. https://www.oie.int/en/disease/african-swine-fever/

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African Swine Fever | Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs.
(2020, October 30). DAERA. https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/african-swine-
fever

Alexander, L. (2021, August 21). African Swine Fever in the Philippines Affects
Pork Production. BORGEN. https://www.borgenmagazine.com/african-swine-
fever-in- the-philippines/

Prevention and control of African swine fever. (n.d.).

WUR.
https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-Results/Research-Institutes/Bioveterinary-
Research/Animal-diseases/Virology/African-swine-fever-2/Prevention-and-
control.htm

Wedzerai, M. (2021, September 6). ASF Philippines: A country on the road to

recovery. PigProgress.
https://www.pigprogress.net/Health/Articles/2021/9/ASF- Philippines-A-
country-on-the-road-to-recovery-789200E/

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APPENDICES
CREATORS OF
PRESENTERS INTRODUCTION
PRESENTATION
 Maricel Supan  Maricel Supan  Yla Divinaflor
 Gerald Pangilinan  Gerald Pangilinan  Arbee Lopez
 Jocelle Zarate  Reynalyn Dizon  Angelo Pena
 Franceslon Domingo  Joshua Guevarra  Franceslon Domingo
 Reynalyn Dizon  Kim amiel Catacutan  Mica Policarpio
 Yla Divinaflor  Bhejay Tiglao  Prince Eric Sunga
 Ronel Pineda  Eljay Guinto  Nixxie Olera
 Earl jessiel Polo  Luisa Kate Paras
 April Lyn Dela Torre  April lyn Dela Torre
 Jhon Mark Reyes  Earl Jessiel Polo
 Niel Cano  Carl Jastine Lique
 Harold Manicdao  Reisner Baltazar
 Luisa Kate Paras  Franceslon Domingo
 Charles Danielle Mallari
 Nixxie Olera
 Agelica Caguiat
 Eulah Mabel Lapuz

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 PROBLEM ALTERNATIVE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DESCRIPTION POLICY
 Luisa kate Paras  Gerald Pangilinan  Problem Description Team
 Niel Cano  Reynalyn Dizon  Introduction Team
 Jerome Jimenez  Alternative Policy Team
 Joshua Guevarra
 Micaella Mansarate
 Jimuel Manlapaz
 Kim Amiel
Catacutan
 Carl Jastine Lique
 Kristine Joy Aguas
 Charles Danielle
Mallari
 Khristian Bayani
 Arfen Lopez
 Eljay Guinto
 Rosalyn David
 Rodner Bingcang
 Rhencel Lopez
 Arrizon King Palo
 Rommiel Samoy

PRESENTATION
POLICY PAPER COMPILER/ENCODER
COMPILER/ENCODER
 Evangelson Cortel  Jocelle Zarate
RECOMMENDATION AND
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
 Earl Jessiel Polo  Maricel Supan
REVISER OF PRESENTATION
 Maricel Supan

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