ANCIENT KHOTAN

DETAILED REPORT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL

EXPLORATIONS IN CHINESE TURKESTAN

CARRIED OUT AND DESCRIBED UNDER T H E

ORDERS OF H.M. INDIAN GOVERNMENT BY

M. AUREL STEIN
INDIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICE

VOL. I1 PLATES
PHOTOGRAPHS, PLANS, ANTIQUES AND MSS.
W I T H A MAP OF THE TERRITORY OF KHOTAN
FROM ORIGINAL SURVEYS

OXFORD
A T T H E CLAREND-ON PRESS
 A r c 5 4 3 . 3 . 5 (a)
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SEP 9 1907

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.

PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK A N D TORONTO
 LIST OF PLATES
PLATE
I. Mauri-Tim Stiipa, seen from south.
Ruined Stiipa and mound of Mauri-Tim, seen from south-east.
.. 11. Fresco and stucco relief in small cella of shrine D. 11, DandHn-Uiliq.
111. Fresco from outer south wall of passage, shrine D. 11, DandHn-Uiliq.
Frescoes on inner walls of passage, shrine D. 11, DandHn-Uiliq, seen from south-east.
. IV. Frescoes on south wall of temple cella D. VI, DandHn-Uiliq.
Frescoes on inner south wall of passage, shrine D. VI, DandHn-Uiliq.
\. V. Fresco on south wall of cella D. XII, DandHn-Uiliq.
Ruined cella D. XII, Dandiin-Uiliq, after excavation.
., VI. Room N. i, first find-place of inscribed tablets, Niya Site, seen from north after excavation.
Room N. i, in ruined house N. I, Niya Site, seen from south before excavation.
VII. North wall of hall in ruined house N. 111, Niya Site, after excavation.
South wall in hall of ruined house N. 111, Niya Site, after excavation.
,VIII. Architectural wood-carving from ruined house N. vnI, Niya Site.
Ancient chair and other wood-carvings found in house N. 111, Niya Site.
. IX. Implements in wood and pottery, found in dwellings N. 111, v, VII, v111, Niya Site.
Ancient jar brought from Niya Site.
Wooden cupboard found in ruined dwelling N. XI, Niya Site.
X. Fresco in chapel E. ii, Endere Fort.
Underground room, with fireplace, in dwelling E. v, Endere Fort.
XI. Chinese sgraffito of A. D. 719, on wall of temple cella E. i, Endere Fort.
Chinese and Tibetan sgraffiti on west wall of hall E. iii, Endere Fort.
XII. Tibetan sgraffiti on south wall of temple cella E. i, Endere Fort.
XIII. Rawak Stipa and enclosing quadrangle, seen from south.
Relief sculptures, R. lxxii-R. lxxvii, on outer south-cast wall, Rawak Stiipa Court.
XIV. Relief sculptures, R. xix-R. xxx, on inner south-east wall, Rawak Stiipa Court.
XV. Relief sculptures, R. xxxi-R. xliv, on inner and outer south-east wall, Rawak StCipa Court.
XVI. Relief sculptures, R. xlv-R. liv, on outer south-cast wall, Rawak Stiipa Court.
XVII. Relief sculptures, R. lv-R lxx, on outer south-east wall, Rawak Stiipa Court.
XVIII. Relief sculptures, R. lxxi-R. lxxvii, at outer south comer, Rawak Stiipa Court.
Bricks with marks from rampart, Ak-sipil.
Remains of stucco relief, R. lxxxv, with decorative halo, on outer passage wall, Rawak Stapa Court.
'. XIX. Plan of fort and mined town of Thh-kurghHn.
Plan of ruined mound, Karak'ir-Tim, PiHlma.
Plan of ruined Stiipa, TBpa-Tim, near Kakshal Tati.
 LIST O F PLATES
PLATL
I XX. Plan of ruined Stiipa, KurghHn-Tim, KBshgar.
,, XXI. Plan of Kizil-Debe mounds, Khhgar.
' XXII. Plan of Mauri-Tim Stiipa ruins.
I. XXIII. Map showing portions of Borazan and Tosalla tracts, Khotan oasis.
XXIV. Plan of ruined site, DandHn-Uiliq.
xxv. Plan of southern group of ruined buildings, DandHn-Uiliq.
XXVI. Plan of ruined structures D. VI, D. VII, DandHn-Uiliq.
Plan of ruined shrine and house D. IV, D. V, DandHn-Uiliq.
XXVII. Site Plan of ancient site beyond Niya river.
' XXVIII. Plan of ruined house N. I, ancient site beyond Niya river.
, XXIX. Ruined Stiipa, ancient site beyond Niya river.
Sketch Plan of group of ruined dwellings N. 11, ancient site beyond Niya river.
XXX. Plan of ancient residence N. 111, ancient site beyond Niya river.
XXXI. Plan of ruined dwelling N. IV, ancient site beyond Niya river.
XXXII. Plan of ruined dwelling N. v, ancient site beyond Niya river.
I XXXIII. Plan of ruined dwelling N. VI, ancient site beyond Niya river.
Plan of ruined dwelling N. v11, ancient site beyond Niya river.
XXXIV. Plan of northernmost group of ruins, ancient site beyond Niya river.
Plan of ruined house N. VIII, ancient site beyond Niya river.
xxxv. Plan of ruined dwelling N. IX,ancient site beyond Niya river.
. XXXVI. Plan of ruined fort, Endere Site.
* XXXVII. Ruined Stiipa, Endere Site.
XXXVIII. Plan of ruined quadrangle, Kara-dong Site.
XXXIX. Plan of extant wall segment of ruined fortification, Ak-sipil.
XL. Plan of ruined VihBra, Rawak.
t XLI. Pottery fragments from Moji and Kakshal Tati.
XLII. Fragments of glazed pottery from Moji.
XLIII. Terra-cottas from Ybtkan.
XLIV. Terra-cottas from Y6tkan.
XLV. Terra-cottas from Ybtkan.
XLVI. Terra-cotta figurines from YBtkan.
XLVII. Terra-cotta figurines froin Ybtkan.
XLVIII. Relief carvings in stone and ivory, mainly from Ybtkan.
XLIX. Seals in stone and metal from YBtkan, Niya Site, &c.
Sino-Kharo~thIcopper coins, mainly from Ybtkan.
Seals in stone, metal, &c., from Ybtkan and other sites.
 LIST OF PLATES v
PLATE
LI. Miscellaneous objects, chiefly in metal, from DandHn-Uiliq, Kara-dong, Hanguya, and other sites.
, LII. Fragments of glassware and of miscellaneous ceramic and metal objects from Moji, Endere, &c.
,LIII. Stucco relief of Buddha or Bodhisattva, from shrine D. 11, DandHn-Uiliq.

.LIV. Stucco reliefs from wall decoration of shrines D. I, D. 11, DandHn-Uiliq.

1 LV. Stucco reliefs from wall decoration of shrines D. I, D. 11, Dandsn-Uiliq.

* LVI. Stucco reliefs from wall decoration of shrines D. I, D. VI, D. XII, DandHn-Uiliq.
I LVII. Fragments of i a l l decoration in stucco relief, from shrine D. I, DandHn-Uiliq.
i LVIII. Fragments of fresco paintings, with inscriptions, brought from DandHn-Uiliq.
Piece of fresco painting with inscription, from wall of shrine D. 11, DandHn-Uiliq.
.lLIX. Portion of fresco painting on stucco, with inscription, from wall of shrine D. 11, DandHn-Uiliq.
Painted panel, from ruined dwelling, DandIn-Uiliq.
, LX. Obverse of painted panel D. VII. 6, from ruined dwelling, Dandiin-Uiliq.
. LXI. Reverse of painted panel D. VII. 6, from ruined dwelling, Dandgn-Uiliq.
LXII. Painted panels from shrine D. x, DandHn-Uiliq.
: LXIII. Painted panel from shrine D. x, Dandin-Uiliq.
Obverse of painted panel from shrine D. IV, Dandh-Uiliq.
, LXIV. Painted panel from shrine D. X, DandHn-Uiliq.
LXV. Painted panel from shrine D. IV, DandHn-Uiliq.
Fragment of painted bowl (inside), Dandiin-Uiliq.
Fragment of lacquered bowl (inside), from rubbish-heap N. xv, Niya Site.
Painted post from D. I, Dandln-Uiliq.
LXVI. Obverse of painted panel from shrine D. 11, Dandsn-Uiliq.
Painted panel from dwelling D. VII, Dandsn-Uiliq.
LXVII. Portion of painted panel from shrine D. VI, DandHn-Uiliq.
Painted panel from shrine D. 11, Dandin-Uiliq.
. LXVIII. Carved wood panel from dwelling N. VIII, N i p Site.
Carved wooden chair from dwelling N. 111, Niya Site.
LXIX. Carved double brackets in wood, from dwelling N. VIII, Niya Site.
LXX. Legs of chairs and other wood carvings from Niya Site.
LXXI. Clay seals of Kharosthi documents on wood, Niya Site.
6 LXXII. Clay seals of Kharosthi documents on wood, Niya Site.
. LXXIII. Implements in wood, &c., mainly from Niya Site.
LXXIV. Miscellaneous small objects and fragments in glass, metal, bone, &c., from Niya Site.
LXXV. Portion of coloured rug from dwelling N. 111, Niya Site.
' LXXVI. Samples of ancient fabrics in silk, cotton, felt, from Niya Site, Endere, DandHn-Uiliq, Tuga-dong.
' LXXVII. Samples of ancient fabrics in silk and cotton, from Endere Temple.
'LXXVIII. Painted tablet and fragments of stucco reliefs, from Endere ruins.
vi LIST O F PLATES
PLATE
,, LXXIX. Fresco ffagment on stucco and ink sketches on paper, from Endere Temple.
L X X X Fragments of stucco reliefs from Kighillik, Ak-sipil.
.I LXXXI. Head of colossal relief in stucco, from Rawak Stapa Court.
. LXXXII. Head of life-size relief in stucco, from Rawak Stiipa Court.
Stucco relief from wall decoration of Rawak Stfipa Court.
' LXXXIII. Head of life-size statue and decorative relief fragment in stucco, Rawak Stiipa Court.
iLXXXIV. Heads of coloured reliefs in stucco, from Rawak Stfipa Court.
" LXXXV. Relief head and bust in stucco (restored), from Rawak Stiipa Coue.
LXXXVI. Relief figures of Buddha, in stucco, from decorative haloes of colossal statues, Rawak Stiipa Court.
LXXXVII. Plaques in stucco and other relief fragments from decorative haloes of statues, Rawak Stiipa Court.
: LXXXVIII. Fragments of decorative pottery, from AfrhiyHb Site, Samarkand.
LXXXIX. Sino-Kharosthi, Indo-Scythian, and early Chinese coins from Ytitkan, Niya, Rawak, and other
sites.
.. XC. Mediaeval Chinese and Muhammadan coins from DandHn-Uiliq, Y6tkan, and other sites.
XCI. Kharogthi documents on leather, from rubbish-heap N. xv, Niya Site.
: XCII. Khargthi documents on leather, from rubbish-heap N. xv, Niya Site.
..XCIII. Kharosthi document on wooden tablet, Niya Site.
Kharo~thldocument on leather, from rubbish-heap N. xv, Niya Site.
'. XCIV. Kharosthi document on rectangular double tablet, from N. xv, Niya Site.
Reverse of rectangular double tablet, unopened, containing Kharopthl document.
xcv. Kharogthi document on rectangular double tablet, from N. xv, Niya Site.
Rectangular covering-tablet of Kharogthi document, Niya Site.
XCVI. Kharogthl documents on rectangular tablets, Niya Site.
, XCVII. KharogfiI documents on oblong and rectangular tablets, from Niya Site.
'.XCVIII. Kharoqthi documents on double wedge tablets, from Niya Site.
IC. Kharogthl documents on double wedge tablets, from Niya Site.
*. C. Kharogthi documents on wedge tablets, from Niya Site.
CI. Kharosthl documents on Takhti-shaped tablets, from Niya Site.
CII. Kharogthi records on oblong and stick-like tablets, from Niya Site.
'CIII. Kharosthi records on label- and irregular wedge-shaped tablets, Niya Site.
. CIV. Kharogthi documents on tablets, partly defaced ; specimens of wood from ancient fruit-trees,
Niya Site.
' cv. Tablets with Kharosthi and Chinese records ; ancient writing implements, mainly from Niya Site.
CVI. Brihmi and Chinese records on wood, from DandHn-Uiliq and Rawak.
' CVII. Leaf of some MahiiyZna work in Sanskrit, found in ruin D. 111, Dandin-Uiliq.
'CVIII. Two leaves of Vajracchediki MS., in Sanskrit, found in ruin D. 1x1, DandHn-Uiliq.
 LIST OF PLATES vii
PLATE
: CIX. Leaf of a Buddhist DhHrani, in Sanskrit, broken in two halves, found in Endere Temple.
Fragment of leaf, in Sanskrit, DandHn-Uiliq.
Fragment of leaf, in slanting Central Asian Briihmi and non-Sanskritic language, from Endere.
, CX. Leaf of a Buddhist canonical work, in non-Sanskritic language, found in ruin D. III, DandHn-Uiliq.
Fragment of document, in cursive BrHhmi and non-Sanskritic language, found in ruin D. 1x1,
DandHn-Uiliq.
CXI. Two leaves from a roll containing portions of a Buddhist canonical work in non-Sanskritic
language, from Endere Temple.
CXII. Chinese records on wooden slips, found in ancient rubbish-heap N. xv, N i p Site.
s CXIII. Chinese records on wooden slips, found in ancient rubbish-heap N. xv, Niya Site.
CXIV. Chinese records on wooden slips and a tablet, found in ancient rubbish-heap N. xv, Niya Site.
cxv. Chinese records on paper, dated 781-782 A. D., from ruins D. v, D. VII, Dandh-Uiliq.
> CXVI. Chinese records on paper, two dated 787, 790 A.D., from ruins D. VII, D. VIII, D. IX, DandHn-
Uiliq.
., cxvn. Portions of leaves of SHlistamba-slitra, in Tibetan, found in Endere Temple.
CXVIII. Two Buddhist poems, in Tibetan, found in Endere Temple.
Fragments of Tibetan texts on ritual, found in Endere Temple.
' CXIX. Judaeo-Persian document, brought from DandHn-Uiliq.
 I
; PHOT. 1

MAURi-TIM S T ~ P A SEEN
, FROM SOUTH.
(See Chap. IV. scc. ii.

RUINED S T ~ P AAND MOUND OF M A U R ~

TIM, SEEN FROM SOUTH-EAST
(See Chal,. IV. sac. ii I
 II
[ PHO 1.1
 111
I PHOT. !

FRESCO FROM OUTER S O U T H WALL O F PASSAGE,

SHRINE D. 11, DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. I X , sec. ii.)

FRESCOES O N INNER WALLS O F PASSAGE, SHRINE D. 11,

DANDAN-UILIQ, SEEN FROM SOUTH-EAST.
(Seo C l ~ a p .I X . sec. ii.)
 IV
1 PHOT. I

-~--,
-. - ~ ---- :.
.A
-
- f .--
,-m;-.w .. -.3*1?- 2.,
\a

FRESCOES ON SOUTH WALL OF TEMPLE CELLA D. VI, DANDAN-UILIQ.

(See Chap. IX. sec. vi.

FRESCOES ON INNER SOUTH WALL OF PASSAGE, SHRINE D. VI,

DANDAN-UILIQ.
Scc CIIRII. IX. see. vi.i
 v
: PHO T . ;

FRESCO ON T H E SOUTH WALL OF CELLA D. XII, DANDAN-UILIQ.

(See Chap. IX. sec. iv.,

RUINED CELLA D. XII, DANDAN-UILIQ, AFTER EXCAVATION.

( S e e Clial). IX. sec, iv.)
ROOM N. i, FIRST FIND-PLACE OF INSCRIBED TABLETS, NlYA SITE,
SEEN FROM NORTH AFTER EXCAVATION.
(See Chap. XI. sec. i . ,

ROOM N. i, I N RUINED HOUSE N. I, NlYA SITE,

SEEN FROM SOUTH BEFORE EXCAVATION.
(See Chat, X I . sec, i.'~
NORTH WALL OF HALL IN RUINED HOUSE N. Ill, NlYA SITE,
AFTER EXCAVATION.
(See Cl~ap.XI, sec. i i . )

SOUTH WALL I N HALL OF RUINED HOUSE, N. Ill, NlYA SITE,

AFTER EXCAVATION.
(See Chap. X I , sec. ii.)
 Vlll
[PHOT. 1

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ARCHITECTURAL WOOD-CARVING FROM RUINED HOUSE,

N, VIII, NlYA SITE.
(See Clia~,. XI. sc:c. vii.

ANCIENT CHAIR AND OTHER WOOD-CARVINGS FOUND I N

HOUSE N. Ill, NlYA SITE.
(See Clial,. XI. scc. ii.)
 FRESCO IN CHAPEL E. ii, ENDERE FORT.
See Chap. X I I . sec. iii.j

UNDERGROUND ROOM, W I T H FIRE-PLACE, I N CWELLING E. V,

ENDERE FORT.
(,See Chap. X I I, sec, iii,)
 XI
[PHOT. I

CHINESE SGRAFFlTO OF A.D. 719, ON WALL OF

TEMPLE CELLA E, i, ENDERE FORT.
,See Chap. XII. ii; Appendix A, part iii.)

CHINESE AND TIBETAN SGRAFFlTl ON WEST WALL OF HALL E, iii,

ENDERE FORT.
(See Chap. XII, sec, iii; Al~pe~~clices
A, B:
 XI I
[ PHOT. 1
it
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RAWAK

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lxxvii lxxvl

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STUPA AND ENCLOSING QUADRANGLE, SEEN FROM SOUTH.
(See Chap. X I V . sec. iii.)

lxxv

RELIEF SCULPTURES, R, Ixxii-R, Ixxvii, ON OUTER SOUTH-EAST WALL,

RAWAK STUPA COURT.
(See C l ~ a p .XIV. sec, iv,')
,,
lxxiv

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XIV
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XVI
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 XIX
[PLAN.]

PLAN
of
RUINED S T ~ P A
T ~ P A-TIM,
NEAR
PLAN
OF KAKSHAL TATI.
RUINED MOUND
KARAK~R
-TIM,
PIALMA.

Y C T K N O N UC A 8

SCALE
.A -
Y 1,
- WFKCT

M A STEN & RAM

k s m y d u r r M brda
44 &nqJ&tk
l.m d cdw and ekvalm 4bwe
/ 5 .-
,,. SCALE
c r P aorrrr
m O d h d m m y nlacl . _I
4ffwed grand kvrl(O') /
dl10 dtllo brdrn ....
Wo Ylo reconstructed .
XX
[PLAN.]
 PLAN
OF
KIZIL-DEBE MOUNDS,
K~~SHGAR.
SCALE
2s
= - - m = D '90 FEr
SECTION ON LINE A .B. a
'%
Ma- ofrun-dried bricks still dishnqui
Steep h n k d old riwr-hd
XXll
[PLAN. I
XXlll
[PLAN.]
 XXlV
[PLAN.]

PLAN
OF
RUINED SITE
DAND~N-UILIQ.
SCALE OF MllES

Anc~entb d b q of t n k r and pladn

Anaent slructur d rush walls . . . . . . . .
..
Treeof anclont orchard a a r b . . ..P
DeePy waded qrand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C a m p m q w r .............................. L
Well (dug at tine of v i l ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

M A.STEIN & RAM S M H DCI

 PLAN
OF

SOUTHERN GROUP
OF

A ~ c l e n tfruit trees

SCALE

Wall of bmber and plaster

ditto runed. .a
-
Raised platform (fireplace). . .,A$. . *,

Statue base of plaster.. . . . . . . . . . . . .sas

Wooden board......................... r
A n c ~ e n tgarden tree. ................. a
XXVl
[PLAN.]
 XXVll
[PLAN.]

SCALE OF MILES ~ k n l tohptriocp~

t d t
dnrs, 3n*s to nor* i SITE PLAN
*- h*
I 0 I MILE

OF
Ancient buldinq of l i i e r and plaster .4
Ancient h;l with rush walls - ..- . _, _-- . -, , ANCIENT SlTE BEYOND
-..---
I

Ancient poplars- ......... L I -

din0 fruit trees- - - - - + , NlYA RIVER.
AKwnt rush fence-- - - - ,'
Of V Z G E T A r/QU
Debrim of ancient t i e r and pottery- - di Dqi~~'D
P o s i h of camp-- - - - -- - - - _ .,.,,,
hndd tamarisk and scrub- - - _ - .......
, :
of O
Route----- - __-I'
E'BJ
: Dune, Xa /

-
N. vm ~ ~ ~ t . . , , Irr
-4
=+
:
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=---.L -.,-"- ;
!

'
'..+4

..................... ......
........
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... ........................... . sfrub \ "":.... .....,,:-to cdtk w

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,

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hrrulof J '"d , ,, ... ....
v.....,
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'< Add
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+

M.A.STEIN & RAM SlNGH DEC.

XXVlll
[PLAN.]
 RUINED STUPA, a
SCALE
SKETCH PLAN
20
1 w
0 40
- 80 110
.- - --r60 FCC7
-
OF
ANCIENT SlTE BEYOND GROUP OF RUINED DWE
Wall of timber and plaster- _ .. -. -
NlYA RIVER. ditto ruined . - - _ -
N. II,
dRto traced but
not cleared. -..--
SCALE ANCIENT SITE BEYO
I0 0
-- 10 20 FEET
k l s h wall-. . - - - - - _ - ---
Raked platform - - . - _ - - _ - - m
Fence - - - - . - - - - .- - - - -. - -
-~
NlYA RIVER.
dato ruined - . - - - - - - - - -
Fallen poplar- - - _ - - . --- L
SECTION
ON LINE A.B. Timber dc'bris - - - - - - - - - . ,0 ,
Eroded slope - - - - - - - a - ',
.
-.-- - - - - - - - - .&2?
/-

Sand dune. -
. ...- . ..
-. .
. ..-.. ,
-. 7

GROUND PLAN
A

I I

B
RAM SlNGH DEL
M . A . STEIN DLL
XXX
[PLAN.]
 XXXl
[PLAN. ]

PLAN

"
a B
d-
RUINED DWELLING
N.IU
OF

ll
n llie
B
ANCIENT ARBOUR

'
K
ANCIENT SITE BEYOND
I

L
ANCIENT
tlltrreE NlYA RIVER.
SCALE
0
0
5 0 ?- Fcri 20 . - 40

I[ AVE"
IC Wall of timber and platter . . . . . . . .
dilto
-
-
ruined..
t Rush wall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
ditto ruined . . . . . . . . .
,,-.
,
,,
t IC Fence. .................................. ,
,
dttto ruined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.-,-..
P. IBLB Raised platform(firep\ace). .
T i m b e r dLbris . . . . . . . . . . . /'" 6'
Ancient poplar tree . . 1 .

ditto fruit tree. . . . <&

CATTLE SHED

K
' A N C E N T FRUIT TREES

SHED (STABLE,)

- To anoeof fenced arbour

80 ' didant

ANCIENT FRUIT TREES

- \
.. Q P* Q

x
uT-"T
\
k
-tr
ANCIENT FRUIT TREES
'r"
XXXll
[PLAN.]
 PLAN
OF PLAN
OF
RUINED DWELLING
RUINED DWELLING
N.VI,
ANCIENT SlTE BEYOND
NlYA RIVER.
-
Q > o
SCALE
0 m- rn
-.
~OFEET ANCIENT SlTE BEYOND
N.VII,

NlYA RIVER.
Wall of timber and plaster
Lb
dlno
rumed ...........
eroded and
--
barely trace& .,,
Rush wall. ruined
Fence.- .. .-
dd'o rw-led .
Raised ~Mfarn(fireplace) D ~ P of
~ At r o r , ~-4.
Timber dibrls .................................... / / - - -
- . g - .
-
Ancent poplar tree ...... t,. - - #
' -. - .. - -- -

- -
<-
Steep sbpe caused by Proson ............. .. -
\

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- _ - - - . _- - -- .-
1
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 xxxv
[PLAN. I

PLAN
OF

RUINED DWELLING
N. IX,
.
\

,'
/

/ \

\ / \ . ANCIENT SITE BEYOND

Steep slope caused by erowon ..........,

., .
,.-'-~- ' ' 1

M.A.STEIN & R A M SlNGH DLL. Wooden board ... ... ... ... .... .. . . . . ..
L -_
--
P
 XXXVl
[PLAN.]

PLAN
OF

DETAIL P L A N
OF

SHRINE E.I.
SCALL I
0 3 0 - OTCCT
LII.-.
I

SCALE
20 o 0 10 - 40 W- - MFEET
Oc-
"e,*
Masonry of SUI-&led tricks . . ... .. . . m
duo ditto rumad . - ..-1::
Wall of tmbrr and plaster . . . . . . . . ,
&lo &to runed.. - - ,
&to &\lo barely lraccabk.
Wan of slamptd chy. - - - - - - - - - - r
Rampart d stamped day- - - ..- ..-
Stalue bast d phsler- - - - - - - - - I
-
M A.STZIN 8. RAM S W W Drc R a ~ s e dplalfam (Ireplace) - - - - - - - - .ZE
Wooden pillar. - - . - - - . - - - -.- -- .
 XXXVll
[PLAN.]

SECTION
ON LINE A.B. RUINED STUPA,
ENDERE SITE.
SCALE

fioded loess , \ Lroded loess

bank ' bank
I

- ..

GROUND PLAN

\ \ \
\Eroded qrowd
VO'bebw /eve/

-1
' ofalipa base I B
-- -
I

L~neof masonry mtact.. - ._ - _ ..-

\ -
.- .- -
- / I
d~tto broken and restored_ - --
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.- --. Contour of eroded ground- - - - _ - - - -2 - - -
1 I .
-
\

\ \ - - - - '. 1
/'

\, Eroded pround dlbe/ow I

\ / d o /Stupa base
 XXXVlll
[PLAN.

PLAN
OF

RUINED QUADRANGLE,
KARADONG SITE.
 XXXlX
[PLAN.]

-
7 ~ A c E SOF A N ~ / c N
7-
d @ -T PLAN
-h /L4-Co OF
-----<4
EXTANT WALL SEGMENT
"N?, OF
'Jt RUINED FORTIFICATION,

L\ AK-SIPIL.

SCALE OF PLAN
lu, SOFEET

MasMy dsmbied bibs- _ _ _ I_..-

6no &lo ruled---zm
Lnc of maran( parapd rtunslrudcdz::
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S U L E OF S C T W
p 'P WFEn
1 DqLl drrosim

SECTIONS
OF
RUINED STOPA,
RAWAK.

SECTION SECTION
ON LINE A.E. ON UYE D.C.
 XL
I PLAN.)

SCALE
0 5
-
0
9 . 20
.. . JOFEET

TRACES OF CLAY WALL M.A.STEIN DEL.

POTTERY FRAGMENTS FROM MOJl AND KAKSHAL TATI.
(See Chap. V. sec, iii, iv.)
SCALE Y/,

Digitized by Google
 XLll
[ANT.]

FRAGMENTS O F GLAZED POTTERY FROM MOJI.

(See Chap. V. sec. iv.)
SCALE I/,

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 XLlll
(ANT. j

Digitized by Google
 XLlV
[ANT.)
Kh. 0 0 3 . k.

Kh, 0 0 3 . a.

Mao. 001. REV.

TERRACOTTAS FROM Y ~ T K A N .
(See Chap. V111, sec, iv, v.)
SCALE \;

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 XLV
[ANT.]

Kh. 003. c.

TERRACOTTAS FROM Y ~ T K A N
(See Chap. VIII. sec. iv.)
SCALE I,',

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 XLVl
[ANT.]

SIDE

TERRACOTTA FIGURINES FROM Y~TKAN.

(See Chap. VIII. sac. iv.)
SCALE lj,

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 XLVI I
[AN T . ]
Y. 0012. a. ii.

TERRA-COTTA FIGURINES FROM YOTKAN.

(See Chap. VIII. sec. iv.)
SCALE '1,

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 Kh. 0 0 3 . g.
OBV. REV
Kh. 0 0 5 .
REV.

I
i

KIi. 0 0 3 . q.
OBV REV

RELIEF CARVINGS IN STONE AND IVORY, MAINLY FROM Y ~ T K A N .

(See Chap. V I I I , sec, iv.'~
SCALE I,',
 XLlX

8
[ANT.]

0
8. 0. 001. g.
@ @
Kh. 0 0 2 .

O 0
M. 001. k.
@ g$ 0°'* j*

8. D. 001. c.
Ker. 0 0 3 . 6.D. 001. d.

SEALS IN STONE AND METAL FROM Y ~ T K A N , NlYA SITE, &c.

(See Chap. VIII. sec. iv; Chap. X I . sec. viii.)

SINO-KHAROSTHT COPPER COINS, MAINLY FROM Y ~ T K A N .

(.See Chap. Vlll. sec. i i i ; Appendix D.)
SCALE '1,
 1

1 i ""' P"
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REV A. 001. c.

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--

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- -
Ya. 001. -

SEALS IN STONE, METAL, &c., FROM Y ~ T K A NAND OTHER SITES

see Chap. V. sec. iii, i v ; Chap. VIII. sec. i v ; Chap. X I , sec. viii, &C.I

SCALE I ,
MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS, CHIEFLY IN METAL, FROM DANDAN-UILIQ.
KARA-DONG, HANGUYA, AND OTHER SITES.
SCALE I/',
 GlA$ FRAGMENT! FROM
HASA.TAM, KHAN U I .

D. K. ooa. 11.

.. .. - '1
K. 001. e. P .

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. .
a
.,,

C. 002. b.

FRAGMENTS OF GLASS WARE AND OF MISCELLANEOUS CERAMIC

AND METAL OBJECTS FROM MOJI, ENDERE; &c.
SCALE I/,
STUCCO RELIEF OF BUDDHA OR BODHISATTVA,
FROM SHRINE D. 11, DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. iii, viii.)

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 LIV
[ANT.]

0 . II. 10.

STUCCO RELIEFS FROM WALL DECORATION OF

SHRINES D. I, D. II, DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. i i , viii.)
S C A L E '/,,,

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 LV
[ANT.]

STUCCO RELIEFS FROM WALL DECORATION OF

SHRINES D. I, D. ll, DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec, ii, viii.

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D. VI. 5.

D. X I I . 5.

STUCCO RELIEFS FROM WALL DECORATION OF

SHRINES D. I, D. VI, D. XII, DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. ii, iv, viii.)
SCALE ',I,

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 LVll
[ANT.]

FRAGMENTS OF WALL DECORATION I N STUCCO RELIEF

FROM SHRINE D. I, DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. ii, viii.,

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, ,.

. ';I
,

I.. ,

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 LIX
[ANT.]

PORTION OF FRESCO PAINTING ON STUCCO, PAINTED PANEL, FROM RUINED DWELLING,

WITH INSCRIPTION, FROM WALL OF DANDAN-UILIQ.
SHRINE D. ll, DANDAN-UILIQ. (See Chap. IX. sec. vi, viii )
(See Chap. I X . sec. ii, viii.)

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 LX
[ANT.]

OBVERSE OF PAINTED PANEL D. VII. 6 ('Is)FROM RUINED DWELLING,

DAN DAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. vi, viii.)

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 LXI
[ANT.]

REVERSE OF PAINTED PANEL D. VII. 6 (,)' FROM RUINED DWELLING,

DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. vi, viii.)

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 LXll
[ANT.]

Digitized by Google
 LXlll
[ANT.]

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 LXlV
[ANT. J

Digitized by Google
 LXV
OBV. 0. Iv. 4. (a/,,) REV. [ANT.]

PAINTED PANEL FROM SHRINE D. IV, DANDAN-UILIQ

(See Chap. IX. sec. v, viii.)

FRAGMENT OF PAINTED BOWL (INSIDE), DANDAN-UILIQ.

(See Chap. IX. sec. v, viii.)

FRAGMENT OF LACQUERED BOWL (INSIDE), FROM

RUBBISH-HEAP N. xv, NlYA SITE.
(See Chap. XI. sec, vi, viii.'

PAINTED POST FROM D. I.

DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. i, viii.:

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 LXVl
[ANT.]

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LXVll
[ANT.]
 LXVlll
(ANT.]

N. xx. 01. [%;

CARVED WOOD P A N E L FROM D W E L L I N G N. VIII, NlYA SITE.

(See Chap. XI. sec. vii, viii.)

/'
1.'
I
k' . N. vii 4. (?I,)

t
CARVED WOODEN CHAIR FROM D W E L L I N G N. Ill, NlYA SITE. I
So0 Chap. X I , sec. ii, viii.) I
LXlX
[ANT.
 LXX
[ANT.]

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'16 'AX 'N ' e 'EEL 'AX 'N '8E 'AX 'N

'((>J&U(UJ~ SSl 'AX 'N

 LXXlll
[ANT.]
N. xx. 04.
f J I ) O T . L A S T S E E N FROhl .TIDL
.--

N. KX. 05.
l A l P L E h f E N 1 USED I N WEAVINO.

BOOT-LAST SEEN FROM ABOVE

N. xix. 2 .
-= w:*.-; &- ., .-3..
.
hlflUSE TRAP
ki.:.X r .\ .

N, xii. 2 .
HEAD OF G U l T A B
.,..
&F,ri .' b:. .- . . .--. ..<-
&,
.
, .-. - , ,

I M P L E M E N T S I N WOOD, &c., MAINLY FROM NlYA SITE.

(See Chap. XI. sec, ii, vii, viii; Chap. IX. sec, iii, viii.) SCALE I/,
 LXXlV
[ANT.]
N. 0 0 9 .
.:_.
. -
.. N. 0012. b.
N. 0011. a.
.. - -.
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, 3

.
'.
.j
; (.'',I.
.. .
. ..-.
. - - ,..
.:. '
N. xv. 001. f.
N. xv. 001. g.
N. xv. 001.j.

MISCELLANEOUS SMALL OBJECTS AND FRAGMENTS IN GLASS, METAL,

BONE, &c., FROM NlYA SITE.
[See Chap. XI. sec. vi, vii, viii.)
SCALE I/,
 LXXV
[ANT.]
N. vii. 3. (v2)
m I

PORTION OF COLOURED RUG FROM DWELLING N. Ill, NIYA SITE.

(See Chap. XI. sec. ii, viii.)

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 LXXVl
D. V. 12. [AN 1.1
N. xv. 012.

N. xv. 013.

N. xv. 016.

SAMPLES OF ANCIENT FABRICS I N SILK, COTTON, FELT, FROM NlYA SITE,

ENDERE, DANDAN-UI LIQ, T~GA-DONG.
Sc?c C l i a ~ .IX. sec. v, viii ; Chap. XI. sec. vi, viii; Clrap. XII. sec. ii, i v ; Chap. XIII. sec, iv.) SCALE '/,
Digitized by Google
 [ANT,]
E. i. 016. '

SAMPLES OF ANCIENT FABRICS I N SILK AND COTTON, FROM ENDERE TEMPLE.

(See Chap. XII. sec. ii, iv.)
SCALE '/I

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 LXXVlll
[ANT.]

.
I-.

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 LXXlX
[ANT.]

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 LXXX
[ANT.]

FRAGMENTS OF STUCCO RELIEFS FROM KIGHILLIK, AK-SIPIL,

(See Chap. XIV. sec. ii.)
SCALE ',i,

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 R. iv. 1. (I/,)
-a

HEAD OF COLOSSAL RELIEF IN STUCCO, FROM RAWAK S T ~ P A COURT,

(,See Chap. XIV. sec. iv, v.)

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 LXXXll
[ANT.]

LL.
0

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 vi.

_
..
I..

, H E A D O F LIFE-SIZE
j T A T U E A N D DECORATIVE
- \-Ce- RELIEF FRAGMENT I N STUCCO.
RAWAK S T ~ P ACOURT.
/ J see Chap. XIV. see. iv, v
 LXXXIV
[ANT,]

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 LXXXV
[ A NT.1

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 LXXXVI
[ANT.]

R. xii. 1.

R. xxx. i.

RELIEF FIGURES OF BUDDHA, IN STUCCO, FROM DECORATIVE HALOS

OF COLOSSAL STATUES, RAWAK STOPA COURT.
(See Chap. XIV. sec. iv, v.)

SCALE "/,

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 LXXXVll
[AN 1.1

R. Ixxxiv. 2. a. (%)

R. Ixxxiv. 1. (".I

PLAQUES I N STUCCO AND OTHER RELIEF FRAGMENTS FROM DECORATIVE

HALOS OF STATUES, RAWAK S T ~ P ACOURT.
(See Chap. XIV. sec. iv, v.)

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 LXXXVlll
[ANT.]

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SI NO-KHAROSTHT, INDO-SCYTHIAN, AND EARLY CHINESE COINS FROM YOTKAN,
NIYA, RAWAK, AND OTHER SITES.
(See Appendix 0 , with table.)
MEDIAEVAL CHINESE AND MUHAMMADAN COINS FROM DANDAN-UILIQ,
YOTKAN, AND OTHER SITES.
(See Appendix D, with table.)
XCll
[ANT.]
 XClV
N. xv. 155.
[DOC.]
DOUBLE TABLET UNOPENED.

*,
+ lr
- r.,, , .

1
i
N xv. 196.

R E V E R S E OF C O V E R I N G T A B L E T .
-- -- - -!
4

ORVERSE O F UNDER. l d l l l F T .
,----- - -, -. . .-
~p

.
:7 . -.*-
'-- .:>
>-
~

.
1.r

' REVERSE O F RECTANG.

DOUBLE TABLET,
UNOPENED, CONTAINING
K H A R O S T H ~D O C U M E N T .
( S e e Chap. X I . s c c . iv, viii.)

KHAROSTHI DOCUMENT ON RECTANGULAR DOUBLE TABLET,

FROM N. xv, NlYA SITE.
(See Chap. XI. sec. iv, viii.)
SCALE '/,
 xcv
[DOC.':
N. xv. 166.
DOUBLE TABLET UNOPENED. N. xv. 334.
OBVERSE.
!. . , ....
kf , ;;
-
. :'f+'

REVEESE O f COVERINC.7ABLET
r t P
-- 7-7

REVERSE.

,PA
., *j .* wrw .-+ 'F' '

OBVERSE OF U N D E R . l A B L E 7 .
- -
,.-? ..-.AT ' C
, , %'_ . d'Y"..'*"
;. ..
rn"
:>ribJ...t'- "'-.'.' *+ " -*
- -.- -.'

RECTANGULAR
KHAROSTHT DOCUMENT ON RECTANGULAR DOUBLE TABLET, COVERING TABLET O F
FROM N. xv, NlYA SITE. K H A R O S T H ~DOCUMENT,
NlYA SITE.
(See Chap. XI, sec. iv, viii.)
SCAl E '1,
XCVl
DOC. 1
 N xv 122 REVERSE W.)"",';?~F'-T
f .
, ! , * - >A ,
. ". - -
- 4

<

KHAROSTH~DOCUMENTS ON OBLONG AND RECTANGULAR TABLETS, FROM NlYA SITE.

(See Chap. XI. sec. ii, iv, viii.)
SCALE 'A
 .-
I Id ' 5
l a
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I Id .-
, ' 3 $
W"'
 IC
[DOC. j

i ' . .
i ' . l ?.

..
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' I
I
, "
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'7

K H A R O S T H ~DOCUMENTS ON DOUBLE WEDGE TABLETS, FROM NlYA SITE.

(See Chap. XI, sec. i, iv, viii.)
SCALE '1,
 C
[DOC.]
 CI
[DOC.]

I:: ...
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.d. L. ,
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 N.LIEVERSE.
iv. 2 9 . a.

N. i. 70.
OBVERSE

K H A R O S T H I RECORDS O N L A B E L - A N D
IRREGULAR WEDGE-SHAPED T A B L E T S ,
- .- - - - - -- --- N l Y A SITE.
S ~ ; ~ L/ IL . -

.See Chap. XI. sec, i, ii, iv, viii.,

 CI v
[DOC.]
., .
N. ii. 1. (Sf,) OBVERSE O f R E C I A N G . UNDER T A B L E I , W A R P E D .

. y. ;.:yL,,.i~
i. I.. AT :; )! ' c a .
*. ...., ..
. . . .. .

1 ,

! /.,, ,I . -

..--, .
WOOD SPECIMENS. (I/.!\ ' . ., .
7

APRICOT.

I,->-

N i . 1 , RfLfR.I€

, , :.... .-
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I I ! ' I ~ l E l 7T A R L C l

t'
f!:,l(,l:ll~
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a . ,
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N, xvii.
1 ,
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2+3.
. . 1.
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.
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Olll'ti: i d RLl 1
... /-
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-
.. - -=. '
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, . -.
-.1.
,gi',, '!.
'+
, ,

KHAROSTH~
DOCUMENTS ON TABLETS, PARTLY DEFACED; SPECIMENS OF WOOD FROM
ANCIENT FRUIT TREES, NlYA SITE.
(See Chap. XI. sec, i, ii, vii, viii.)
 N. xv. 003. l,,', N. xv. 345. .I/,: N. iv. 28. .,, . N. xv. 74.
CLAY SEAL.

N xv. 6 0 . '',

N. xv. 35. I/,)

- I--
OBVERSE OF COVERING. TABLET.

I:'003EjV SEAL COVE( :')

RECTANG. COVERING.TABLET
S P L l i AND PERISHED.
E. I/,

P I E C E LJF
CHINESE INE

N. x . 0 5 . "' LVOODEN P E N .

-- .

SLIP OF WOOD PO6 W R I T I N I ;

TABLETS W I T H KHAROSTHT A N D CHINESE RECORDS; ANCIENT WRITING IMPLEMENTS,

MAINLY FROM NlYA SITE.
See Chap. XI. sec, i i , iv vi, viii.
 cv I
1 DOC. ]

I .,
s;. ,!
I [

I,:! <
 CVll
[MSS. I

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Digitized by Google
 OBVERSE OF FOL. 30.

REVERSE OF FOL. 30.

LEAF OF A BUDDHIST DHARANT, IN SANSKRIT, BROKEN IN TWO HALVES, FOUND IN ENDERE TEMPLE.
(See Chap. XII. sec. ii, iv.)

FRAGMENT OF LEAF, I N
SANSKRIT, DANDAN-UILIQ.
(See Chap. IX. sec. iv, viii.) FRAGMENT OF LEAF, I N SLANTING CENTRAL-ASIAN BRAHMT
AND NON-SANSKRITIC LANGUAGE, FROM ENDERE.
SCALE 5'
 D. III. 1.

LI -
REVERSE OF FOL. 8.

LEAF OF A BUDDHIST CANONICAL WORK, IN NON-SANSKRITIC LANGUAGE,

FOUND IN RUIN D. Ill, DANDAN-UILIQ
(See Chap. IX. aec. iv, viii.)

D. 111. 12
OBVERSE.

FRAGMENT OF D0CUMENT;IN CURSIVE BRAHMT AND NON-SANSKRITIC SCALE "/,

LANGUAGE, FOUND IN RUIN 0. 111, DANDAN-UILIQ,

(See Chap. IX. sec. iv, viii.)

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 CXI
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E. i. 7. ('/*)
OBVERSE OF FOL. 19.

14

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1

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TWO LEAVES FROM A ROLL CONTAINING PORTIONS OF A BUDDHIST CANONICAL WORK,

IN NON-SANSKRITIC LANGUAGE, FROM ENDERE TEMPLE.
(See Chap. XII. sec. ii, iv.)
 N. xv. 123. N. xv. 353. N. xv. 73. N. xv. 326. N. xv. 100. N. xv. 337. N. xv. 328. N. xv. 203. N. xv. 349. N. xv. 362.
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PORTIONS OF LEAVES OF ~ A L I S T A M B A - S O T R AIN

, TIBETAN, FOUND IFI ENDERE TEMPLE.
8 See Chap. X I 1. sec, ii, i v ; Appendix B, part i. +
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 TWO BUDDHIST POEMS, I N TIBETAN, FOUND I N ENDERE TEMPLE.
(See Chap. XII. sec. ii, i v ; Appendix B, part iii.)

FRAGMENTS OF TIBETAN TEXTS ON RITUAL, FOUND I N ENDERE TEMPLE.

(See Chap. X I I . sec. ii, i v ; Appendix B, part ii.:
 JUOAEO-PERSIAN DOCUMENT.

JUDAEO-PERSIAN DOCUMENT, BROUGHT FROM DANDAN-UILIQ.

(See Chap. X. sec. ii ; Appendix C.)

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Austin 1995