W_DPLP WLAO\O\UBN LKPLNU_JP ALPJN O\O\U ELNMBN ALNM\NBKBN @LKBA

UJMB _BCBNM
_bkb Ejabs Urj Pbptb Bej

\njvlrsjtbs 2= Bmustus 2:5< Purbobyb

Bostrbk 

 ojsb elnmbn alnmmunbkbn plrmlslrbn slntlr, ybnm kleub ojsb elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm
`lkba lapbt rbcbnm.

Ebiba plaououtbn lkslntrjs sloliua alaouout kjtb cbrus tlrilojc ebcuiu alnmcjtunm

 otluobbti. mPblnibjbjni ypblnnmm cbjktbunn mebjnp bmkbbnj.j bWil ynbmncmjt uilnomjbcn pmlbnntjjbnim s
 jbnmbn sbapbj putbrbn alsjn tlribiu `lpbt btbu tlribiu ibaobt slcjnmmb bkbn alrusbk olneb klrjb.

Kbtb kun`j 8 Lkslntrjs,alsjn ouout,slntlr,ebn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm.

WLNEBC\I\BN

Ibtbr olibkbnm ebrj plaoubtbn brtjkli jnj bebibc untuk alnmltbcubj

obmbjabnb alaouout lkslntrjs tlrutbab ebiba alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm.
Wlaououtbn lkslntrjs elnmbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm ilojc auebc ebrj pbeb elnmbn alnmmunbkbn
`lkba lapbt rbcbnm. Ebiba alaouout lkslntrjs ojbsbnyb tlrebpbt tdnjdibn. Udnjdibn ybnm
iltbknyb lkslntrjs jnj
 olrmunb untuk alnmbijckbn putbrbn alnjbej mlrbkbn.

 Ej ebiba plaououtbn lkslntrjs plabsbnmbn mbnjbi tjebk ojsb slaobrbnmbn tltbpj cbrus
alnmmunbkbn ruaus ybnm slsubj. Wrdsls lkslntrjs pbeb uauanyb ejmunbkbn ebiba plaoubtbn kdapdnln ‐ kda
 pdrds lkslntrjs plnelk sbtu stlp ebpbt ejkln`bnmkbn ebn ejbtur elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm
`brb plnmln`bnmbnnyb jnj tjebk `d`dk untuk ejmunbkbn kbrlnb cbapjr tjebk aunmkjn untuk  alaoubt mbrjs
Bpbojib lkslntrjsnyb kl`ji slcjnmb alaoubt tjtjk slntlrnyb sbijnm alnutupj, abkb

ejbaltlr ybnm tlrolsbr ejouout tlrilojc ebcuiu ebrj ejbaltlr ybnm kl`ji ebn slsuebc jtu abkb
iuobnm slntlrnyb ejcjibnmkbn ebn oubt slntlr untuk lkslntrjs ybnm kl`ji ybnm bkbn ejoubt.
 Wdrds lnmkdi ybnm alajijkj lkslntrjs ybnm olsbr abkb cbsjinyb bkbn alilnmkunm kbrlnb bebnyb
tlkbnbn ebrj slntlr. Dilc kbrlnb jtu sbnmbt ejsbrbnkbn untuk alnmmunbkbn mbnjbi bntbrb pjpj ‐ 
 pjpj lnmkdi. Plibjn ebrj pbeb plnmmdrlsbn ybnm ojbsb, olneb klrjb pdrds lkslntrjs ebpbt
jumb ibnmsunm ejkln`bnmkbn pbeb `lkba tjmb rbcbnm ybnm olrmlrbk alausbt, elnmbn `brb
alabsbnm
 olneb klrjb ebn sbibc sbtu rbcbnmnyb ejtbaobckbn sloubc mbnjbi.
Wbrb tlknjsj slkbrbnm ilojc `lnelrunm ilojc alnmmunkbn `lkba lapbt
rbcbnm.
Wlaououtbn elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm plabsbnmbn olneb klrjbnyb
cbrus sl`brb abnubi kbrlnb kun`j `lkbanyb olrmlrbk tlrpjsbc tjebk alausbt slplrtj
`lkba tjmb rbcbnm ebn cbrus olnbr ‐ olnbr tlijtj. Wbrb tlknjsj alabnm tjebk abu alnmbaoji
rjsjkd untuk 
alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm kbrlnb ebiba plaououtbn ybnm alnmmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb
rbcbnm cbrus alajijkj eub slntlr ebn jtu alaoutuckbn ebnb ybnm ilojc untuk alajijkjnyb
slebnmkbn plaououtbn lkslntrsj elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm tjebk
slibiu alnmmunbkbn eub slntlr elnmbn alnmmunbkbn mbnjbi sbjb suebc ojsb ejpbkbj.
  Absbibc ybnm tlrjbej slkbrbnm bebibc obnybk tlknjsj ybnm oliua pbcba elnmbn prdsls
alaouout lknslntrjs elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm ebn alnmmunbkbn eub slntlr.
Klobnybkbn pbrb tlknjsj alnmmukbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm. Obnybk pbrb tlknjsj tjebk tbcu ruaus
tlobi mbnjbi ybnm ejmunbkbn. Wbrb tlknjsj cbnyb alnmmunbkbn idmjkbnyb sbjb untuk alaouout
lkslntrjs. Alrlkb tjebk alnmltbcuj obcwb alaouout lkslntrjs elnmbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm ilojc
`lpbt.
  Abnfbbt ebrj prdsls plaououtbn lkslntrjs elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb
rbcbnm bebibc wbktu ybnm ejmunbkbn `lnelrunm ilojc slejkjt ebrjpbeb `lkba lapbt rbcbnm.
Ebiba
 plaououtbn ybnm alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm cbsjinybpun bkbn ilojc objk ebrj pbeb
 plaououtbn lkslntrjs ybnm alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm. Brtjkli jnj jumb ebpbt
 olrabnfbbt untuk pbrb tlknjsj bmbr alrlkb alnmltbcuj ruaus tlobi mbnjbi. Wbrb tlknjsjpun bkbn
alnebpbtkbn cbsji ybnm ilojc objk ebrj plklrjbbnnyb.

ALUDEL
Wrdsls Wlaououtbn Lkslntrjs
Wrdsls plaoubtbn kdapdnln ‐ kdapdnln plalsjnbn tjebk bkbn tlrilpbs ebrj
 plaououtbn. Alsjn ouout bebibc alsjn plrkbkbs ybnm olrfunmsj untuk alaouout
plraukbbn
 ouibt (sjijnerjs), alaouout plnbapbnm olneb klrjb, alaouout uijr, alaouout biur, alaouout
 plraukbbn olneb kdnjs, alaouout tjrus ebn alaouout ebiba. Plalntbrb plaououtbn lkslntrjs
bebibc sbibc sbtu obmjbn ebrj plaououtbn btbu plnmlidibcbn alsjn ouout.
Ebrj plaououtbn tlrslout tlrebpbt ololrbpb jlnjs plaououtbn ejbntbrbnyb ouout
lkslntrjs. Alaouout lkslntrjs jtu bebibc subtu prdsls plnybybtbn idmba ybnm ejklrjbkbn pbeb
alsjn ouout elnmbn suaou putbr olneb klrjb ilojc ebrj sbtu. Ebiba plaououtbn lkslntrjs
tlknjk 
 plaoubtbnnyb pun tjebk ojsb slaobrbnmbn tltbpj beb tbtb `brb tlrslnejrj.
`brb plaououtbn lkslntrjs slobmbj olrjkut.
Ibnmkbc Klrjb8
2. Ulntukbn putbrbn alsjn.
2. Wlrsjbpkbn pbcbt kbsbr, aukb, ebn pbcbt fjnjscjnm.
0. Kdtbk kun`j (tddi odx).
5. Wlabsbnmbn olneb klrjb.
<. Wlabsbnmbn mbnjli.
6. Wlabsbnmbn ebn plnyltlibn pbcbt ouout.
=. Pltjnm olneb klrjb.
3. Ouout plraukbbn olneb klrjb elnmbn pbcbt kbsbr alnelkbtj ejbaltlr tlrolsbr ebn pbnjbnm
ybnm ejjnmjnkbn.
:. Ouout obmjbn aukb olneb klrjb (eub aukb) untuk alnlntukbn sjsj plnbnebbn plrmlslrbn
slntlr.
27. Oubt plrmlslrbn slntlrnyb pbeb eub sjsj plnbapbnm olneb klrjb.
22. Ouout sl`brb plribcbn-ibcbn.
22. Hjkb suebc slilsbj ibkukbn plaououtbn fjnjscjnm.
20. Pltlibc slilsbj jbnmbn iupb untuk alaolrsjckbn sjsb-sjsb kdtdrbn pbeb alsjn ouout.
25. slilsbj.
@lkba Ujmb _bcbnm
  Ej ebiba alsjn ouout tlntu beb ololrbpb obmjbn ejbntbrbnyb beb spjneli, klpbib ilpbs,
`lkba eii. Kbrlnb plaobcbsbn jnj alnmlnbj `lkba abkb bkbn ejjlibskbn bpb jtu `lkba tjmb
rbcbnm. @lkba tjmb rbcbnm bebibc plalmbnm olneb klrjb ybnm alapunybj tjmb rbcbnm plnjlpjt
ybnm ebpbt olrmlrbk sl`brb olrsbab ‐ sbab slpbnjbnm biur alnmun`j ebn alaoukb olneb klrjb.

Klilojcbn ebn Klkurbnmbn @lkba 0

_bcbnm Klilojcbn
_bcbnm ebpbt alausbt sl`brb olrsbab slcjnmmb ilojc `lpbt ebiba prdsls plnmmunbbnnyb.

Klkurbnmbn
Cbnyb ebpbt alnmlrjbkbn olneb ‐ olneb ybnm olnbr ‐ olnbr ouibt btbu olrjsj klijpbtbn tjmb
(slmjtjmb, slmjlnba, slmjslaojibn, eii).

WLAOBCBPBN
Pl`brb uaua alaouout lkslntrjs bebibc subtu prdsls plnybybtbn idmba
ybnm
ejklrjbkbn pbeb alsjn ouout elnmbn suaou putbr olneb klrjb ilojc ebrj sbtu. Lkslntrjs
olrfunmsj untuk alnmuobc mlrbk olrputbr alnjbej mlrbk iurus btbu slobijknyb. Wrdsls
plaououtbn lkslntrjs elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba rbcbnm tjmb ebpbt alaoubt plklrjbbn
ilojc lfjsjln ebn ilojc `lpbt ebrj pbeb alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm kbrlnb
plaououtbn lkslntrjs alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm plnyltlibn olneb klrjb cbrus sbtu
sbtu, slcjnmmb wbktunyb
 pun bkbn tlroubnm ibab cbnyb untuk alnyltli olneb klrjb sbjb. Wbeb prdsls
alaouout lkslntrjk obnybk slkbij ejbpijkbsj pbeb plaoubtbn kdapdnln-kdapdlnln plalsjnbn
ybnm cbapjr ajrjp elnmbn pdrds lnmkdi.
Ebiba plaououtbn beb ololrbpb jlnjs plaououtbn ejbntbrbnyb bebibc plaououtbn
elnmbn kl`lpbtbn, plaououtbn alsjn, plaououtbn obnmku, plaououtbn rubnm
plrkbkbs,
 plaououtbn klmunbbn kcusus, plaououtbn turlt ebn plaououtbn dtdabtjs. Ebiba plaououtbn
tjrus ebpbt alnmmunbkbn slntlr olmjtu puib elnmbn plaououtbn lkslntrjs. Wlaououtbn lkslntrjs
cbapjr sbab elnmbn plaououtbn rbtb cbnyb ybnm alaolebkbn cbnybibc
cbsjinyb sbjb. Alaouout lkslntrjs tjrus ebpbt ejibkukbn elnmbn ololrbpb `brb ejbntbrbnyb.
2. Wlrmlslrbn slntlr 
2. Alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt
rbcbnm 0. Alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb
rbcbnm
\ntuk prdsls ybnm alnmmunbkbn iuobnm slntlr ejoubt sltlijtj aunmkjn ebiba cbi jnj
bkbn ilojc auebc kbibu plaououtbnnyb alnmmunbkbn bntbrb eub slntlr ebn iuobnm ‐ iuobnm
slntlr ejcjibnmkbn klauejbn ybnm suaounyb kl`ji ejoubt ebn ejolrj iuobnm ibmj.
Bpbojib bkbn alaouout lkslntrjs pdrds lnmkdi elnmbn alnmmunbkbn lkslntrjsjtbs ybnm
 olsbr abkb olneb klrjb bkbn alilnmkunm kbrlnb bebnyb sloubc tlkbnbn ebrj slntlr
ybnm ejmunbkbn. \ntuk aln`lmbc tlrjbejnyb klilnmkunmbn olneb klrjb abkb kjtb pbsbnmkbn
mbnjbi ybnm slsubj ebn ejpbsbnmkbn ejbntbrb pjpj ‐ pjpj lnmkdi.   Kltjnmmjbn mbnjbi ebpbt
ejcjtunm alnmmunbkbn ruaus slobmbj olrjkut.

c82,<l-r+  (aa)
(untuk plnmln`bnmbn
iubr) c82,<l+r-  (aa)
(untuk plnmln`bnmbn
ebiba) ejabnb, c 1 tjnmmj
mbnjbi
  l 1 lkslntrjsjtbs
  r 1 jbrj ‐ jbrj plnmln`bnm olneb klrjb

Pltlibc plnmcjtunmbn tlobi mbnjbi absuk klebiba plrsjbpbn klrjb ybnm sbnmbt plntjnm
kbrlnb jnj alnunjbnm untuk olrjbibnnyb prdsls plaououtbn lkslntrjs. Ebiba plrsjbpbn klrjb
ybnm cbrus ejibkukbn ejbntbrbnyb bebibc.
2. Ulntukbn putbrbn alsjn.
2. Wlrsjbpkbn pbcbt kbsbr, aukb, ebn pbcbt fjnjscjnm.
0. Kdtbk kun`j (tddi odx).
5. Bapibs elnmbn ukurbn ybnm pbijnm cbius.
<. klslibabtbn klrjb obmj pbrb tlknjsj slplrtj alabkbj slpbtu sbflty, obju ilnmbn pbnjbnm, `libnb
 pbnjbnm, pbkbjn kb`babtb.

Wlrolebbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm elnmbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm ejbntbrbnyb bebibc slobmbj
 olrjkut 8
2. @lkba lapbt rbcbnm plnmbturbnnyb olobs slebnmkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm elnmbn `brb
 olrmlrbk alausbt.
2. @lkba lapbt rbcbnm plnmun`jbn ejibkukbn sl`brb abnubi slebnmkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm

sl`brb dtdabtjs.
 0. @lkba tjmb rbcbnm alnmmunbkbn eub slntlr slebnmkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm tjebk plriu
alnmmunbkbn slntlr.
Klnbpb pbrb tlknjsj ilojc alajijc plaououtbn lkslntrjs elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba
rbcbnm lapbt ebrj pbeb `lkba rbcbnm tjmb kbrlnb alrlkb tjebk abu plklrjbbn alrlkb
tlrcbaobt elnmbn cjtunmbn ybnm ejbnmmbp ruajt pbebcbi cjtunmbn tlrslout alnlntukbn
kltlpbtbn ebrj cbsji
 plaououtbn lkslntrjs ybnm ejklrjbkbn. Ulrnybtb sltlibc ej obnejnmkbn ibab alnmcjtunm elnmbn
ibabnyb alnyltli `lkba rbcbnm lapbt jtu ilojc ibab alnyltli `lkba rbcbnm lapbt kbrlnb
 plnyltlibn `lkba rbcbnm lapbt ilojc suijt ebrj pbeb alnyltli `lkba rbcbnm tjmb btbu
ilojc
ejklnbi elnmbn rbcbnm dtdabtjs.
Klobnybkbn pbrb tlknjsj alnmmunbkbn plrbsbbn btbu idmjkb alrlkb ebrj pbeb
klnybtbbn btbu fbktb ybnm beb. Bibsbn alrlkb alnmmunbkbn idmjkb aunmkjn alrlkb
alnmbnmmbp plrbsbbn alrlkb ilojc objk ebrj pbeb bibt ukur ybnm alrlkb munbkbn.
Wbrb tlknjsj plnmltbcubnnyb tlntbnm plaououtbn kurbnm olmjtu objk alrlkb
cbnyb alnmltbcubj prbktjknyb sbjb ebn klobnybkbn alrlkb alnlaukbn tldrj
sltlibc alrlkb alibkukbn prbktjk. Ulknjsj tjebk olmjtu alalntjnmkbn tlntbnm
tldrj tltbpj alrlkb alnmutbabkbn prbktjk btbu tlrjun ibpbnmbn.

KLPJAW\IBN
Olrebsbrkbn bnbijsb ejbtbs, ebpbt ejtbrjk ololrbpb klsjapuibn slobmbj olrjkut.
2.  Wlaououtbn ebiba prdsls lkslntrjs ebpbt ejibkukbn elnmbn tjmb `brb ybjtu, plrmlslrbn slntlr,
alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm, ebn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm.
2. Wlaououtbn ebiba prdsls lkslntrjs tjebk slibiu alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm ybnm
 plnmbturbnnyb olobs, tltbpj ojsb jumb elnmbn alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm ybnm
olrmlrbk 
 olobs.
0.  Wlaououtbn prdsls lkslntrjs alnmmunbkbn `lkba tjmb rbcbnm ebiba plnmlrjbbnnyb bkbn
ilojc `lpbt ebrj pbeb alnmmunbkbn `lkba lapbt rbcbnm.
5.   Wlnmcjtunmbn untuk tlobi mbnjbi ebiba plaououtbn lkslntrjs tjebk ojsb slaobrbnmbn ebn
cbrus slsubj.

<. @lkba tjmb rbcbnm alajijkj klkurbnm ybjtu tjebk ojsb slaub olneb klrjb ejpbsbnm ej `lkba
jnj tltbpj cbnyb olneb klrjb ybnm ouibt ebn alajijkj jsj klijpbtbn tjmb slplrtj slmjtjmb, slmjlnba,
eii.
6.   Ebiba plnmcjtunmbn mbnjbi tlrebpbt eub `brb plnmcjtunmbn ybjtu plnmcjtunmbn
untuk 
 plnmln`bnmbn iubr ebn plnmcjtunmbn plnmln`bnmbn ebiba.
=. Ibnmkbc klrjb plaououtbn lkslntrjs cbapjr sbab elnmbn plaououtbn ojbsb.

EBFUB_ W\PUBKB

Ebrybntd. (2776). Alsjn Wlrkbkbs Olnmkli. Hbkbrtb8 Ojnb Bejbksbrb

Jnerb. (2722). ’Alsjn Ouout-. [DnijnlQ.

.