SENIORHIGHSCHOOL

“The Effectiveness of Dracaena Trifasciata Leaf (Snake

Plant) Extract as Cockroach Killing Bait.”

A Senior High School Capstone Project

Presented to the Faculty of the

Phinma Araullo University Main Campus-SHS

Cabanatuan City

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the STM 009

by:

Gean Grvic G. Umali

Desanie Santomin

Krystal Pacheco

Dan Enero

Emmanuel Javate

Elain Castillo

Neftaly Dela Cruz

Rupert Macapagal

Geoffrey Ceniza

Kathleen Ruiz
 CHAPTER I

Introduction:

Cockroaches can be deadly or harmful, especially if they crawl on

your unclean dishes. Since cockroaches prefer to live in filthy

environments, we made a cockroach repellant using "Dracaena

trifasciata (snake plant)", which contains a substance called

saponins a chemical that cockroaches don’t like. Saponins are

naturally occurring substances that are found in large quantities

throughout all of the cells of legume plants. Saponins are a complex

and diverse collection of chemicals that get their name from their

capacity to create stable, soap-like foams in aqueous solutions. With

snake plant, you may manufacture your own inexpensive and efficient

cockroach repellant. It works particularly well for dilapidated homes

or homes next to canals since it can shield you from the disease that

cockroaches spread.

Review of Related Literatures and Studies:

Potency of Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya L.) as Toxicant and Repellent

against German Cockroach (Blattella germanica L.).

According to Resti Rahayu, Annisa Darmis, Robby Jannatan

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences: PJBS (2020)

Papaya leaves have the potency to be developed as alternative

insecticide to control the German cockroaches that have been

resistant to synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to determine

the potency of ethanolic extract of papaya leaf as toxicant and

repellent against 2 populations of German cockroaches which are known

resistant to synthetic insecticide.

Ethanolic extract of papaya leaf could be formulated as a potent

natural insecticide to control populations of German cockroach that

have been resistant to synthetic insecticides

RESOURCES:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=leaf+extract+for+Cockroach+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=16

73440530654&u=%23p%3DWj0WIZKFTbgJ

Efficacy of knockdown insecticide based on Permot (Passiflora foetida

L.) leaf extract against mortality of German cockroach (Blattella

germanica L.)

According to Rina Priastini Susilowati, Flora Rumiati

Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 9 (2), 226-232, (2021)

Chemical insecticides have a detrimental effect on not only the

target species, but also on non-target species and the environment.

Transfluthrin is a pyrethroid class II insecticide that is considered

to be safe for humans. However, repeated use over an extended period

of time can result in cockroach resistance. For this reason, this

study sought out alternative materials, specifically Permot leaf

(Passiflora foetida L.). This study aims to determine the neurotoxic

efficacy of insecticides derived from Permot leaf extract on German

cockroach knockdown time and death. A total of 120 German cockroaches

and was replicated three times. After 1 h of exposure to insecticides

containing transfluthrin 3000 ppm and Permot leaf extract up to a

dose of 4000 ppm, knockdown time and cockroach death were observed.

The probit test was used to determine the cockroach knockdown time.

The study's findings indicated That when cockroaches were exposed to

insecticides derived from Permot leaves at a dose of 4000 ppm, the

knockdown efficacy was KT 50 for 8 min and KT 90 for 30 min. The

blocking test on German cockroach spiracles established that exposure

via cockroach spiracles was more effective than exposure via other

cockroach organs in killing.

RESOURCES:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=leaf+extract+for+Cockroach+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=16
73440589447&u=%23p%3D0miDzhHJvvoJ

Dracaena arborea on the adult cockroach Periplaneta americana

(Dictyoptera: Blatellidae)

According to Rosemary Boate Ukoroije, Dorcas Suotonye Bawo (2019)

Biocidal activity of leaf powder and ethanol extract of Dracaena

arborea were evaluated against the adult American cockroach

(Periplaneta americana) aimed at its control. Leaf powder (10-50g)

and extracts (10-50g/ml) of the test plant were introduced separately

into breeding troughs containing the adult cockroaches to assess

contact toxicity via filter paper and topical application. All

experiments were replicated five times and with controls. There were

significant difference between the treatments and the controls. All

the treatments proved effective and were concentration dependent.

Mortality of adults increased with increase in extract concentration

and exposure time. Using ethanolic leaf extracts of D. arborea at

highest concentration of 50g/ml, mean mortality was: control for 10-

50g/ml respectively regarding contact toxicity by topical

application; control for 10-50 g/ml concerning contact toxicity on

filter paper and control for 10-50g respectively for leaf powder.

Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical groups like

saponins, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids and

phenols in varying quantities. This plant contained biocidal

properties whether utilized in powder or extract forms and is

significantly active in cockroach control. Botanicals as reported by

literature, have no toxic effects on man, are eco-environmental

friendly and locally available, hence D. arborea should be utilized

in biological pest management practices and control systems.

RESOURCES:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=leaf+extract+for+Cockroach+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=16

73440628322&u=%23p%3DrZojbE__BeQJ

Proceedings of the 9th National Undergraduate Research Opportunites

Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 09-13, 2003

Seven compounds and fractions prepared from pandan leaves (P.

amaryllifolius) were evaluated for repellent activity against

Blattella germanica (L.) using a modification of the linear tract

olfactometer. 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, pandan essence and the hexane-

pandan extract were repellent (65-93% repellency) at all

concentrations tested; the acetone-pandan extract was attractive at

increasing concentrations (minimum of 62% attractancy); artificial

pandan flavouring and the dichloromethane-pandan extract gave erratic

results. Undiluted crude aqueous pandan extract displayed an

attractancy of 62%. The potential of P. amaryllifolius as a natural

and environmentally friendly pest management tool is discussed.

RESOURCES:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=leaf+extract+for+Cockroach+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=16

73440813474&u=%23p%3DJX62mKd9RckJ

The three most visible kingdoms of Guana's living things are plants

(Plantae, the flora), animals (Animalia, the fauna), and Fungi. More

numerous in species or kinds, and certainly so in individuals, are

what used to be called Protista, including bacteria, spirochetes,

protozoans, and other noncellular or single-celled organisms. All

species must belong to a genus. Rarely, a species is so different

from all others that it is placed in a monotypic—one of a kind genus

itself. For a lot of Guana's organisms, the relevant experts

contribute some texts and at least a list of the known species

usually grouped in families. The lists for some groups are annotated

with a common name, or a habitat, or some note about the natural

history. For some groups, enough is known to provide species

accounts; for some species, these accounts are fairly detailed.

REFERENCES: https://academic.oup.com/search-results?page=1&q=Dracaena

%20Trifasciata%20(Snake%20Plant)%20Leaf

%20Extract&fl_SiteID=191&SearchSourceType=1

SECONDARY KILL OF ADULT MALE GERMAN COCKROACHES (DICTYOPTERA:

BLATTELLIDAE) CANNIBALISM OF NYMPHS FED TOXIC BAITS

Five commercially available bait formulations were evaluated for

primary kill of 1st- and 2nd-instar German cockroaches, Blattella

germanica (L.), and secondary kill of adult male German cockroaches

via cannibalism of bait-fed nymphs. Chlorpyrifos and fipronil baits

killed 1st- and 2nd-instar cockroaches significantly faster than

hydramethylnon, boric acid, or abamectin baits. Secondary kill was

observed for all baits tested. Adults that consumed bait-treated

nymphs had significantly higher mortality than those fed untreated

nymphs. The LT50 values calculated for secondary kill of adult male

cockroaches were 1.84 d for adults consuming fipronil-fed nymphs,

6.69 d for hydramethylnon-fed nymphs, 7.21 d for boric acid-fed

nymphs, 7.94 d for abamectin-fed nymphs, and 8.48 d for chlorpyrifos-

fed nymphs. Adult LT50 values for boric acid, abamectin, and

chlorpyrifos were not significantly different. Because secondary kill

was observed for all bait formulations tested, it is possible that

the importance of toxicant transmission via cannibalism has been

underestimated in laboratory and field evaluations.

REFERENCES: https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/92/5/1133/2217109?

searchresult=1

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TOXICITY TEST OF LEAF AND ROOT PARTS OF

THE SNAKE PLANT (SANSIVEIRIA TRIFASCIATA)

Snake Plant is one of the most recommended plants for improving air

quality. He optimal place to keep this is in your bedroom, because it

converts CO2 into oxygen at night it also removes contaminants from

air. He NASA conducts a study to the uses of snake plant according to

their results they found out that the snake plant absorbs toxins,

such as nitrogen oxides and formaldahyde. Sansevieria trifasciata is

able to absorb 107 types of toxins, including air pollution,

cigarette smoke (nicotine), so it would make a great refresher. It

also contains phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, and

glycosides which reduce the number of bacteria [1]. In China,

decoction used for detoxification, as anti-inflammatory, and for

treatment of sores and snake bites. It also used to cure boils,

cough, bronchitis, traumatic injuries [2].

REFERENCES:

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Julie-Berame/publication/3218802
22_Preliminary_Phytochemical_Screening_and_Toxicity_Test_of_Leaf_and_

Root_Parts_of_the_Snake_Plant_Sansevieria_trifasciata/links/

5f572619458515e96d390519/Preliminary-Phytochemical-Screening-and-

Toxicity-Test-of-Leaf-and-Root-Parts-of-the-Snake-Plant-Sansevieria-

trifasciata.pdf

SCREENING TWO INSECTICIDES FOR PHYTOTOXICITY ON SELECTED GREENHOUSE

PLANTS AND TREES, 1980

Two separate tests were conducted to evaluate Deltic 2.4 EL at 5.2 lb

ai/100 gal of water and Knox-out 2 FM at 8.0 lb ai/100 gal of water

for phytotoxicity of selected greenhouse plants and trees. The first

test was conducted in the horticultural greenhouses on campus at

Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Treatment was made

with a two-gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer at 20 psi. Plants

were treated to runoff. Both chemicals were applied to 9 single

plants (6 inch pots) which consisted of geraniums, coleus, poinsettia

V-14, poinsettia C-l and zinnia and to 18 combination flat plantings

of prayer plant, dracaena, heart leaf, arrowhead, neatha bella palm

and snake plant. Treated plants were compared to a single check plant

of each species. The check plants were treated with water to runoff.

The greenhouse temperature at the time of treatment was 70°F and

during the observation period averaged 68 F (nighttime temp.). The

plants were watered before treatment and then received water as

needed during the test period {approximately every 4 days). The

plants were checked at 4, 7, 14 and 28 days for phytotoxicity. Three

days after treatment the poinsertiae (V-14’s and C-l’s) showed leaf

cupping/wrinkling and slight discoloration; however, the C-l’s showed

the most severe reaction. This condition existed for the remainder of

the test. At 7 and 14 days after treatment the zinnias treated with

Deltic showed slight marginal leaf burn but this condition had

virtually disappeared at 28 days. Three days after treatment the

prayer plants showed leaf cupping and leaf browning. This condition

existed for the remainder of the test and was slightly more severe on

the plants treated with Deltic. Three days after treatment all of the

dracaenas showed leaf tip burn. This condition persisted for the

remainder of the test. Three days after treatment the neatha bella

palm showed leaf curling and leaf tip burn. This condition remained

throughout the observation period. The remainder of the treated

plants and check plants did not show any signs of phytotoxicity.

REFERENCES:https://academic.oup.com/amt/article/6/1/174/4580432?

searchresult=1

Conceptual Framework:

The researchers conducted this study to determine the effectiveness

of Dracaena Trifasciata (Snake Plant) leaf extract as cockroach

killing bait. The main goal of this study is to create effective

cockroach killing bait with the use of leaves from snake plant.

Paradigm:

Input. Process. Output.

- Gathering of - Preparation of A product that kills
materials and the materials. cockroaches with the
information in Process. use of the Dracaena
creating 1. grinding the snake Trifasciata (snake
cockroach killing plant leaves until plant) leaf extract.
bait. the desired amount of
extract is obtain.
2. mixing all the
materials using the
exact measurement.

Definition of terms:

Cockroaches

Cockroaches are a paraphyletic group of insects belonging to

Blattodea, containing all members of the group except termites. Some

species are well-known as pests.

Cockroach repellent

A substance applied to skin or clothing which deters or repels

insects.

Dracaena trifasciata

Dracaena trifasciata is a species of flowering plant in the family

Asparagaceae. It is most commonly known as the snake plant.

Inexpensive

Not costing a great deal; cheap.

Legume Plants

A legume is a plant in the family Fabaceae, or the fruit or seed of

such a plant.

Manufacture

To make (something) on a large-scale using machinery.

Repellent

A substance that deters insects or other pests from approaching or

settling.
Saponins

Saponins are naturally occurring compounds that are widely

distributed in all cells of legume plants.

Statement of the problem:

HA:

The research will succeed.

HO:

The research will not succeed.

General problem:

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of a plant-based

extract, namely dracaena trifasciata (snake plant) leaf extract, is

as a killing bait for cockroach.

Specific problem:

•Is the dracaena trifasciata (snake plant) leaf extract that will be

utilized capable of cockroach killing bait?

•Is the extract of Dracaena trifasciata (snake plant) effective of

killing bait for other pests?

Hypotheses of the Study:

When Dracaena Trifasciata Leaf is used as a cockroach repellent, the

cost of purchasing such a product will decrease, and you may even

grow it and create it yourself. If this study is successful, it will

be

advantageous for all consumers of this product since in addition to

being healthful, it can also be used to easily repel cockroaches.

Theoretical Framework.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Dracaena

Trifasciata (Snake Plant) leaf extract as cockroach killing bait.

Cockroaches are among the worst insects we encounter on our daily

life. They can eat almost everything in front of their face to

survive.

It's crucial to use an efficient extermination method as soon as you

observe a cockroach outbreak. There are various different ways you

may use to get rid of them, but they all involve employing dangerous

chemicals that will contaminate your home. So, a natural killing bait

is best to use.
Scope and limitation:

This research study focuses on using Dracaena Trifasciata leaf (snake

plant) as a cockroach repellant. The study will be conducted during

the school year 2022-2023. Ten PHINMA-Araullo University STEM

students will be performing this research. The research study will be

conducted using experimentation and will observe the product for 20-

30 days. This

study does not cover being a repellent to other kinds of insects.

This study is limited to cockroaches only. The following has been

excluded from this study: Using other parts of the snake plant

instead of the leaf extract, different target populations, and

different processes of the making.

Significance of the Study:

The study aims to focus on the effectiveness of dracaena trufasciata

(snake plant) leaf extract as alternative cockroach killing bait.

Dracaena trufasciata, which provides a rich source of safe and

biodegradable bioactive phytochemicals, have been great interests in

recent years as they have been able to study cockroach killing bait

properties. It’ll benefit all users(general-public). Dracaena

trufasciata or snake plant had consistently demonstrated it's ability

in industries and workspace. The plant also contains saponins that

have significant pesticide potentials.

CHAPER II

Research design:

The effectiveness of Dracaena trifasciata leaf (snake plant) extract

as cockroach-killing bait will be investigated in this study

employing an experimental research approach. evaluate if it is

beneficial or not. As it is the best alternative for being able to

fully ascertain what the objective of this study is, all the

researchers chose to adopt this research design. By using this

technique, the researchers will undoubtedly present an important

conclusion after using forms to illustrate the data they have

collected. A framework of protocols and methods known as an

experimental research design was developed to perform experimental

research employing two sets of variables in a scientific manner. More

specifically, it assists in addressing the what, where, and how of

the study as opposed to the why.

Research Site:

This study is to be conducted at PHINMA-Araullo University. A private

non-sectarian university in Barangay Bitas, Maharlika Highway,

Cabanatuan City. The University comprises Senior High School and

offers a wide range of secondary, undergraduate, and graduate

programs on its two campuses. This study was implemented by some of

the students from grade 12 STEM-MAIN 4. This study will know The

Effectiveness of Dracaena Trifasciata (Snake Plant) Leaf Extract as

Cockroach Killing Bait Researchers are expected to benefit from this

study in a way that they’ll be able to become resourceful and also

the consumers will save money from buying synthetic repellents.

Materials and Instruments:

Mortar and pestle, blender, funnel, measuring cup, plastic jar,

canvas cloth, rubber band, apron, gloves, helmet, and mask are the

tools that will be used in this study.

Additionally, the materials we'll be utilizing include alcohol, spray

conditioner, and snake plant.

Data Collection:

The researchers collected the data through experimentation and

observation. Experimentation will be done by creating the product

through trial and error. After the product has been made, the

researchers will observe the effects of the product on a 20 to 30-day

basis. Once it has been proved to be effective, the product will be

brought to a professional to determine its other benefits as well as

its expiration date. With all things considered, the whole research

will have duration of about 50 to 60 days.

Data Analysis:

The overall product appearance is almost the same as the market

repellants that we commonly used in our home. The color is a little

bit unique since it is made from snake plant extract, it appears as

muddy green color which represents the color of the leaves of the

plant. It has an appealing odor unlike the other repellants that has

an irritating smell.

The product created by the researchers is an ideal alternative for

synthetic cockroach killing bait since it is effective, harmless for

human health and the environment, and safe for long-term use.

Therefore, the Researchers conclude that the Dracaena trifasciata

extract can be used as a viable alternative cockroach killing bait.