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1 - Introduction To Clinical Hematology I
1 - Introduction To Clinical Hematology I
Clinical Hematology I
MAJOR PROTEINS. (1) Albumin controls water movement across membranes; affects blood
viscosity, pressure, and volume; transports substances such as drugs. (2) Globulin forms antibodies
to fight bacteria and viruses. (3) Fibrinogen forms fibrin and, with platelets, coagulates blood.
PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION. Amino acids, glucose, fatty adds – all needed by cells for energy,
repair, and reproduction.
REGULATORY SUBSTANCES. Enzymes for cellular chemical reactions; hormones to regulate growth
and development.
ELECTROLYTES. Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg+), chloride (Cl–),
phosphate (PO4–), sulfate (SO4–), bicarbonate (HCO3–), and inorganic salts.
Formed Elements
Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes
• Erythro meaning “red”
• Normocytic (6-8 µm)
• Normochromic (1/3 pallor area)
• Biconcave disk
• Anucleated
• Not rigid
• Has no inclusion
Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes
• Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb) is a
protein component that
functions for oxygen
transport.
• It is composed of two pairs
of protein chains called
globin and four smaller units
called heme, which contain
iron. Iron binds and releases
oxygen (O2).
Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes
• Anemia means loss of oxygen-carrying capacity and is
often reflected in a reduced RBC count.
Basophil Lymphocyte
White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leukocytes
By function
By staining characteristics
White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leukocytes
By function
•Polymorphonuclear
•Mononuclear
White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leukocytes
By the site of origin