1.

Premises

The main inputs needed for the model are related with choice parameters such
as: simulation time length (days), interest rate, scale, number of consumers, number of
CHP, kind of CHP, inflation over energetic inputs (electricity and natural gas) and
operational regime of CHP. There are also some premises based on fixed values or
information taken from reference sources, such as: possible cost scenarios of CHP
(CapEX), natural gas and electricity tariffs, nominal power of CHP, currencies (dollar and
euro) The table 1 brings together the main premises adopted along with the respective
literary sources and reference names in the algorithm:
Tabela 1 – Choice parameters and premises
Choice parameters
Parameter Source Reference name
Time length (7200 days) - duracao
Scale of CHP - escala
Interest rate (%) Masters’ dissertation (Edson) tma

Number of consumers - num_cons

Number of CHP - num_cac
Kind of CHP [PEMFC or
- tipo_cel
SOFC]
Inflation (%) Masters’ dissertation (Edson) infl_ele/ infl_gas
Operational regime (kW)
- Pot_op
[1000-1250-1500]
Premises
Parameter Source Reference name
Possible cost scenarios of Clean Hydrogen Joint Undertaken
cenário
CHP (2022)

NG and Electricity tariffs Naturgy and Light gas_0_200/ele_conv

Power of CHP (1,5 kW) BlueGen kw

Currencies - dólar/euro

2. Simulator internal calculations

The simulator uses these input parameters to internal calculations related with
acquisition costs, efficiency experimental data. Firstly, the acquisition cost of CHP
(CAPEX) and the maintenance cost are calculated as a function of the CHP size (kWCHP)
and total energy produced during the simulation (kWhCHP), respectively:

CAPEXCHP = Y[€/kW] * kWCHP * euro [R$/€]

 MANCHP = X[€/kWh] * kWhCHP * euro [R$/€]

Where the variable Y and X depends on the possible scenarios of CHP cost
according to the Clean Hydrogen Joint Undertaken (2022) that provides target costs for
the equipment till 2050 as seen below:

Even though the interval of analysis begins in 2020, an interpolation has been
made to allow the simulator to start the countability in 2022.

The total consumption of energy for consumer is given by a simple addition

between three main sources of consumption: a regular average consumption, a bath
consumption and a consumption corresponding to an electric vehicle charging
Total consumption = Avg. consumption + Bath consumption + EV consumption
[3000 kWh/year] [1915 kWh/year] [2400 kWh/year]

Then, the simulator is dedicated to the calculation of a proportion between the

electric energy and thermal energy generated by CHP (rel). The electric energy
generated along the interval simulated (EECHP) is given by (considering a 360-day year
for approximation):

EECHP [kWh/year] = num_cons * ((PotOP[kW] * 24 * 360)/1000)

The thermal energy (TECHP) is calculated using the proportion rel, such as:

TECHP [kWh/year] = EECHP [kWh/year] * rel

The next step taken by simulator is to verify if the thermal energy generated
supplies the thermal demand foreseen for the consumers through a true or false logic.
For the case it is not true, a thermal deficit TD is accounted, as in the formula:

TD [kWh/year] = Bath consumption - TECHP [kWh/year]

In this case, the simulator automatically imposes an additional acquisition cost

related with a natural gas boiler to supply thermal energy for consumers. The boiler size
is calculated in terms of the maximum necessary demand verified between the different
days of the year, then:
 TD∗3600 1
kWboiler = max⁡( 360 ⁡∙ ∆𝑡)

Where ∆𝑡 differs from day to day according with a random distribution which indicates
the non-uniformity of thermal consumption demand time. The randomicity is given by
variable vector_rand which may draw any number from 1 to 20. The value ∆𝑡 is
given by:

∆𝑡[𝑠] = 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∗ 0,1 ∗ 3600

The CAPEX of boiler is calculated through a curve available at literature which

relates the size of the equipment (kW) with the cost [DE TOMMASI, 2018], as it can be
seen in figure below:

As the curve presented above has a limited scope, it is assumed that the cost
calculation of a boiler whose size in kW lays beyond its maximum limit (120 kW) will be
based in a multiple of its limit’s correspondent cost, such as:

CAPEXboiler = (kWboiler/120) * 6700 * dolar