Topic: Congruent Triangles

OBJECTIVE(S):
1. Discuss the idea of congruence
2. Illustrates triangle congruence
3. Illustrates the SAS, ASA and SSS congruence
postulates.
Review:
1. What are the 3 undefined terms in Geometry?
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒, 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒
2. What do you call a statement in Geometry accepted as
true and do not need proof? 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
3. What do you call a polygon with 5 sides? 4 sides? 3
sides? 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛, 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙, 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
4. What are the parts of a triangle? 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠, 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠, 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠
5. How many sides and angles are there in a triangle?
3 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠, 3 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠
Included Angle
➢ Included angle is the angle between two sides of a
triangle.
Illustration:
In ∆ABC, B
∠𝐴 is included by 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶.
∠𝐵 is included by 𝐵𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶. A C
Included Side
➢ Included side is the side of a triangle common to two
angles of a triangle.

Illustration: B
In ∆ABC,
𝐴𝐵 is included by ∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵.
𝐵𝐶 is included by ∠𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶. A C
Lesson Proper
Definition

Congruent Polygons
➢ Two polygons are congruent if their vertices
can be paired so that the corresponding sides
are congruent, and the corresponding angles
are congruent.
Illustration: The polygons in each pair are congruent. Can
you give the correct pairing of vertices?
B X Y If ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑌
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑍
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑋
A C Z
𝐴↔𝑌 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑌𝑍
𝐵↔𝑍 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑍𝑋
𝐶↔𝑋 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑌𝑋
𝐴𝐵𝐶 ↔ 𝑌𝑍𝑋
then ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑌𝑍𝑋.
 B E ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐹
A F ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐻
D G ∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐺
C H
𝐴↔𝐹 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐹𝐸
𝐵↔𝐸 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐸𝐻
𝐶↔𝐻 𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝐻𝐺
𝐷↔𝐺 𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐹𝐺
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 ↔ 𝐹𝐸𝐻𝐺
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝐹𝐸𝐻𝐺
 ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑄
P B
C ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑃
T ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑇
Q A
∠𝐷 ≅ ∠𝑆
S R E D ∠𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑅
𝐴↔𝑄
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑄𝑃
𝐵↔𝑃
𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑇
𝐶↔𝑇
𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝑇𝑆
𝐷↔𝑆 𝐷𝐸 ≅ 𝑆𝑅
𝐸↔𝑅 𝐴𝐸 ≅ 𝑄𝑅
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 ↔ 𝑄𝑃𝑇𝑆𝑅 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 ≅ 𝑄𝑃𝑇𝑆𝑅
Congruent Triangles
➢ Two triangles are congruent if their ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑌
vertices can be paired so that ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑍
corresponding sides are congruent and ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑋
corresponding angles are congruent.
Illustration: 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑌𝑍
𝐴↔𝑌 B X Y 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑍𝑋
𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑌𝑋
𝐵↔𝑍
𝐶↔𝑋 A C Z
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑌𝑍𝑋
𝐴𝐵𝐶 ↔ 𝑌𝑍𝑋 Statement of congruence
Definition
If 2 triangles are congruent, we can conclude that
the 3 pairs of corresponding sides and the 3 pairs of
corresponding angles are congruent.
“Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are
Congruent”
In short, CPCTC.
Illustration of CPCTC:
Given:
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 Q
B

A C P R
Conclusion:
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄 ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑃
𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅 ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑄
𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑅 ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑅
From the definition of congruent triangles, if the 3 pairs
of sides and 3 pairs of angles of two triangles are
congruent, then the triangles are congruent.

But don’t you know that fewer than 6 congruent pairs, 3

pairs only, we can conclude that 2 triangles are
congruent?
The Three Triangle
Congruence Postulates
1. SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate:
If the two sides and an included angle of one triangle
are congruent to the corresponding two sides and the
included angle of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
Illustration: B
If 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄, ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑄 and Q
𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅, A C
then ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 P R
2. ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruence Postulate:
If the two angles and an included side of one triangle
are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the
included side of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
Illustration:
If ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑃 , 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄, B Q
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑄,
then ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 A C P R
3.) SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Postulate:
If the 3 sides of one triangle
are congruent to the 3 sides of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent
B Q
Illustration:
If 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄, 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅, and A C P R
𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑅,
then ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
 What I have learned
1. If 2 polygons can be made to coincide, then they are said
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡
to be ____________.
𝑋𝑌
2. In ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍 , the side included by ∠𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑌 is _______
and the angle included by 𝑋𝑍 and 𝑌𝑍 is _____.
∠𝑍
SAS, ASA, SSS
3. The 3 congruence postulates are ______________.
4. The correspondence 𝐴𝐵𝐶 ↔ 𝑌𝑍𝑋 means 𝐴↔𝑌
𝐵↔𝑍
𝐶↔𝑋
5. The statement of congruence ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 means

𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄 ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑃
𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑄𝑅 ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑄
𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑅 ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑅
Evaluation:
Given: ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅

1. Which sides include ∠𝑄? 𝑄𝑃, 𝑄𝑅

2. Which sides include ∠𝑅? 𝑅𝑃, 𝑅𝑄 Q
∠𝑃
3. 𝑃𝑅 and 𝑃𝑄 include ___________.
∠𝑄
4. 𝑄𝑅 and 𝑃𝑄 include ___________. P R
∠𝑃, ∠𝑄
5. 𝑃𝑄 is included by ____________ .
𝑃𝑅
6. ∠𝑃 and ∠𝑅 include ________.
Give the corresponding sides and the corresponding
angles of the following congruent triangles.
1. ∆𝑻𝑨𝑿 ≅ ∆𝑩𝑰𝑹 2. ∆𝑻𝑼𝑬 ≅ ∆𝑭𝑹𝑰
𝑇𝐴 ≅ 𝐵𝐼 𝑇𝑈 ≅ 𝐹𝑅
𝐴𝑋 ≅ 𝐼𝑅 𝑈𝐸 ≅ 𝑅𝐼
𝑇𝑋 ≅ 𝐵𝑅 𝑇𝐸 ≅ 𝐹𝐼

∠𝑇 ≅ ∠𝐵 ∠𝑇 ≅ ∠𝐹
∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐼 ∠𝑈 ≅ ∠𝑅
∠𝑋 ≅ ∠𝑅 ∠𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐼
Determine the additional corresponding parts needed to
make the triangles congruent by using the specified
congruence postulate.
Given: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 Q
1. SAS: 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝑃𝑅
_______
2. ASA:∠𝐴_______
≅ ∠𝑄 C R
B P
A
Given: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷, ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐶
3. SSS: ________
4. SAS: ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶
_____________
B D C
State what additional parts is required in order to know
that the triangles are congruent for the reason given.
ASA

∠𝐷𝑈𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑆𝑈𝑇
State what additional parts is required in order to know
that the triangles are congruent for the reason given.
SAS

𝑋𝐾 ≅ 𝑉𝑊
State what additional parts is required in order to know
that the triangles are congruent for the reason given.
SAS

ഥ
𝐶𝐴 ≅ 𝐿𝐽
State what additional parts is required in order to know
that the triangles are congruent for the reason given.
SSS

𝑅𝑆 ≅ 𝐷𝑄
State what additional parts is required in order to know
that the triangles are congruent for the reason given.
ASA

∠𝐿 ≅ ∠𝑇