CHAPTER ONE

DEFINITION OF MUSIC
Music is an organized sound that contains rhythm, melody & harmony.

Transpose: The ability to shift the keyboard’s tuning upward or downward in half step intervals,
allowing you to change what you’re playing into any of the twelve possible key centers (what root tone
is used to build the associated scale).Can also be used to change the octave range of the whole keyboard
or within a zone of a split or layer.

Tempo: The speed or timing of the pulse/beat of a performance, represented as beats per minute (BPM).

Rhythm is the vital part of music. It is selected in any keyboard in the form of style.
 Drumbeats and grooves that are built into a keyboard in various musical styles.
Types of Rhythm
Rock (6/8) Ballad
Waltz(3/4) Tigeregna
Marches(2/4) Wollo
Disco Africa
Reggae Country etc…

Melody: is the secession of sounds arranged in a pleasant manner. Playing each sounds one by one.
Harmony: playing two or more different pitches at the same time.
Types of musical instruments
1. Keyboard instruments
2. Wind instruments
3. String instruments
4. Drum instruments

Accidentals

Accidentals are symbols or signs that appear in a piece of music. There are three accidentals in music.
1. Sharp ( # ) to rise by half step( the next higher key) (+ ½) Double Sharp(X) to rise by whole step(+1)
2. Flat ( b ) to lower by half step (the next lower key) (– ½) Double flat (bb )to lower by whole step(-1)
3. Natural ( ) cancels the previous accidentals ( 0 )

The 12 pitches of music

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 Mature voices are divided into four main categories

Female Male
High Voice– Soprano High Voice – Tenor
Low Voice – Alto Low Voice – Bass

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 CHAPTER TWO
SCALE
Scale is a series of notes that you play in a specific order. It is a notation Represent the
pitch and duration of musical sound
Types of scale
1. Chromatic Scale
2. Diatonic Scale
3. Pentatonic Scale
4. Blues Scale
Chromatic Scale
Chromatic Scale is made up of only half step, it has 12 pitches.

Diatonic Major Scale

Diatonic Scale is made up of whole and half step, it has 7 pitches.

st nd rd th th th th th
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do
1 C D E F G A B C
#
2 G A B C D E F G
# #
3 D E F G A B C D
# # #
4 A B C D E F G A
# # # #
5 E F G A B C D E
# # # # #
6 B C D E F G A B
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 # # # # # # #
7 F G A B C D E F
# # # # # # # #
8 C D E F G A B C
b
9 F G A B C D E F
b b b
10 B C D E F G A B
b b b b
11 E F G A B C D E
b b b b b
12 A B C D E F G A
b b b b b b
13 D E F G A B C D
b b b b b b b
14 G A B C D E F G
b b b b b b b b
15 C D E F G A B C

Pentatonic Scale
Pentatonic Scale is made up of whole and half step, it has 5 pitches.

st nd rd th th th th th
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do
1 C D E --- G A --- C
2 G A B --- D E --- G
# --- ---
3 D E F A B D
# --- # ---
4 A B C E F A
# # --- # ---
5 E F G B C E
# # --- # # ---
6 B C D F G B
# # # --- # # --- #
7 F G A C D F
# # # --- # # --- #
8 C D E G A C
9 F G A --- C D --- F
b --- --- b
10 B C D F G B
b --- b --- b
11 E F G B C E
b b --- b --- b
12 A B C E F A
b b --- b b --- b
13 D E F A B D
b b b --- b b --- b
14 G A B D E G
b b b --- b b --- b
15 C D E G A C

Blues Scale
Blues scale is formed from Diatonic major scale by omitting the 2nd & 6th + by making flat
the 3rd , 5th & 7th + making natural 5th degree.
b b b
C E F G G B C
 The interval of Blues scale is 1½ 1 ½ ½ 1½
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 The Four Ethiopian Scales
Tizita Major Scale
Tizita major scale is formed from Diatonic major scale by omitting the 4th & 7th degree.
st nd rd th th th
1 2 3 5 6 8
1 C D E G A C
2 G A B D E G
3 D E F# A B D
4 A B C# E F# A
5 F G A C D F
6 Bb C D F G Bb

Tizita Minor Scale

th
Tizita minor scale is formed from Diatonic major scale by omitting the 4th & 7 + by making
flat the 3rd & 6th degree.

1st 2nd 3rd 5th 6th 8th

1 C D Eb G Ab C
2 G A Bb D Eb G
3 D E F A Bb D
4 A B C E F A
5 F G Ab C Db F
6 Bb C Db F Gb Bb

Batty Major Scale

Batty Major Scale is formed from Diatonic major scale by omitting the 2nd & 6th degree.

st rd th th th th
1 3 4 5 7 8
1 C E F G B C
2 G B C D F# G
3 D F# G A C# D
4 A C# D E G# A
5 E G# A B D# E
6 B D# E F# A# B

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 Batty Minor Scale
Batty Minor Scale is formed from Diatonic major scale by omitting the 2nd & 6th + by
making flat the 3rd & 7th degree.
st rd th th th th
1 3 4 5 7 8
1 C Eb F G Bb C
2 G Bb C D F G
3 D F G A C D
4 A C D E G A
5 E G A B D E
#
6 B D E F A B

Anchihoyew Lene Scale

Anchihoyew Lene Scale is formed from Diatonic major scale by omitting the 3rd & 7th + by
making flat the 2nd & 5th degree.

st nd th th th th
1 2 4 5 6 8
# #
1 C C F F A C
# #
2 G G C C E G
# #
3 D D G G B D
# # #
4 A A D D F A
# #
5 E F A A C E
#
6 B C E F G B
Ambasel Scale
Ambasel Scale is formed from Diatonic major scale by omitting the 3rd & 7th + by making
flat the 2nd & 6th degree.
st nd th th th th
1 2 4 5 6 8
1 C C# F G G# C
2 G G# C D D# G
3 D D# G A A# D
4 A A# D E F A
5 E F A B C E
6 B C E F# G B

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 CHAPTER THREE

CHORD

Chord is the combination of three or more different notes sounded together.(Harmony)

 The most common types of chord is three-tone chord (Triad-chord)
 The point which separates the Accompaniment section to the Right Hand section of the
Keyboard is called Split point.

Accompaniment section Melodic section

Split point

THE RULE OF CHORDS

1 Tone + Tone = Major

2 Tone + Semitone = Minor
3 Major + Major = Augmented
4 Major + Minor = Major
5 Minor + Major = Minor
6 Minor + Minor = Diminished

MAJOR SCALE

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do
C D E F G A B C

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Music Training Manual prepared by Muluken Mathewos
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Music Training Manual prepared by Muluken Mathewos
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 LOCAL SONGS
NO Song Title Singer Style Scale
1 Arre Endet Biye Samy Waltz C Major
2 Esti Meskelih Sir Yosef Be. Waltz C Major
nd
3 Abet Mihret Yebezalet Daniel Am. Waltz C Major 2
th
4 Hul Gize Yemayselechegn Awtaru Waltz G Major 5
5 Kibr Yihun kibr Lily Slow Waltz C Major (A m)
6 Marena Mesfin Gu. Slow Waltz D minor
7 Endet dink amlak new A.A MKC Disco G Major
8 Kidus neh Ante Lily Disco B Anchihoyew
9 Hizbin Abezah Tesfaye Ga. Disco D Major
10 Endet melkam new Geja K H Disco C Major 5th
11 Abetu yene Geta Lily Disco F Major(D m)
12 Arre Sintun Mesfin Gu SlowRock D Major
nd
13 Manew Tarike Keyari Tagay SlowRock C Major 2
nd
14 Zim Biye Sasb Batty Te. SlowRock C Major 2
15 Astegagn Wedeante Dagmawi Til. Slow Rock F Major 5th
16 Kibrachin Ante Ephrem Ale. Rock C Major
b
17 Begwadaye hogne Awtaru Rock B Major (Gm)
18 Bezimare Sileten Lante Naz. Amanuel Rock C Anchihoyew
19 Andebete kemisgana Tekeste Get. Wollo A Major 5th
20 Sasbew ye tilantun Awtaru Reggae Bb Major
21 Sinegam simeshim Daniel Am. Reggae C Major 2nd
22 Ageleglihalew collection Reggae G Major 5th
23 Ke Admas mado Yosef Aya. Reggae C Major 2nd
24 Tarike Tarike Bereket Tes. Africa G Major
25 Tarik Aydelem Dagmawi Til. Africa F Major 2nd
26 Yihim Be Egziyabher Lily Africa D Major
27 Endet Lirsa Dagmawi Til. Africa D Major 5th
b
28 Zemir Zemir Ephrem Ale. Africa B Major 2nd

Music Training Manual prepared by Muluken Mathewos

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Music Training Manual prepared by Muluken Mathewos
Mobile: - 09-46-56-01-94