STM 008: General Biology 2

Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Explaining Feedback Mechanism and Tracing Materials:

The Process Of Plant And Animal Excretion Worksheets
Lesson Objectives:
1. Identify and compare the process of plant and animal References:
excretion. https://www.britannica.com/science/
excretion#toc58676
2. Explain how some organisms maintain steady internal http://www1.mans.edu.eg/facscim/e
nglish
conditions that possess various structures and
courses/zoology/Excretion/Excretion.
processes pdf

Productivity Tip:
Before proceeding to our lesson today, go back to your checklist of “things to do” today, reflect and
assess the things you need to take prioritize on. Make sure to accomplish all important tasks on your
list including our activity today.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)
High five! It’s our 5th lesson for first quarter. Welcome to another topic that will surely boost your
interest and confidence in learning biology. To have a fresh, start answering the review first, so
you can leave all your learning in your long term memory. Let’s start.

The following are types of Adaptability, determine whether the following are either under
plant or animal. Write PA if it is Plant Adaptation and AA if it is Animal Adaptability.
_________1. Mimicry
_________2.Holophytes
_________3. Living Together
_________4.Mesophytes
_________5. Hydrophytes

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 STM 008: General Biology 2
Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

What is the purpose of excretion
in an organism?
How do you think organisms
maintain a steady internal
condition?
How significant is “feedback
mechanisms” in living organism?

B.MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Fig. 1 shows the different

process where plant and
animals can undergo
excretion

What it is that occur in the cells of living organisms all the time to carry out the life processes? It is
Chemical Reaction. The sum of these reactions is called metabolism. And the removal of metabolic waste
products from the body of an organism is known as excretion. Plant can remove their waste in 3
processes, these are photosynthesis, respiration , and transpiration. The waste/product that was
produced during photosynthesis is oxygen while in respiration is carbon dioxide. Lastly, the waste that
was removed during transpiration of plants is water through the stomata of the leaves.

Always remember that animals have different ways of excreting their waste. A passive biological
system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help

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 STM 008: General Biology 2
Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body is Excretory System. On the
other hand, Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells
of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then
release waste products.

Feedback Mechanism

PLANT ANIMAL

Positive Feedback Positive Feedback

- occurs when a stimulus creates
a chain reaction that amplifies as
it goes on. It reinforces the
stimulus, and results in a much
larger and much more significant
response.
- occurs when a stimulus creates
a chain reaction that amplifies as
it goes on. It reinforces the
stimulus, and results in a much
larger and much more significant
response.

Negative Feedback Negative Feedback

- occurs when a stimulus - occurs when a stimulus
happens and triggers the happens and triggers the
organism to counteract the organism to counteract the
stimulus. It completes the stimulus. It completes the
opposite act, causing the opposite act, causing the
resulting effect to be lessened. resulting effect to be lessened.

Fig. 2 shows how positive and negative feedback mechanisms work in plant and n animal.

Homeostasis is the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain
equilibrium, usually by a system of feedback controls (positive and negative), so as to stabilize health and
functioning.

In animal for instance, when blood sugar rises, insulin sends a signal to the liver, muscles and other cells to store
the excess glucose. Some is stored as body fat and other is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. An

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 STM 008: General Biology 2
Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

example of negative feedback in plants is photosynthesis in plants which speeds up in response to increased
levels of carbon dioxide.

Purpose of feedback mechanism:

1) If metabolic waste is not removed from the body, it may become poisonous
and kill living cells.

2) It maintains salt balance in the blood.

3) Keeps you from becoming fecal grenade.

Here is another example for you to understand fully the significance of feedback mechanism.

Positive Feedback in Plants Positive Feedback in Animals

A ripe fruit releases something called ethylene. During labor, a hormone called oxytocin is
This molecule is known as the ripening hormone released that intensifies and speeds up
for fruits. contractions.

Negative Feedback in Plants Negative Feedback in Animals

The photosynthesis in plants speeds up in Human body, where the constant

response to increased levels of carbon dioxide. temperature would be at 37 degrees Celsius.

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)
Exercise 1: Let us talk about the organ that secretes wastes and it form. Fill in the table below based on
the missing components.

Organs Secretes Form (Solid, Liquid, Gas)

Lungs Carbon Dioxide Gas
Kidney
Skin
Anus
Stomata

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 STM 008: General Biology 2
Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Exercise 2: Fill in the table below based on the missing components.

When(Time)
Harmful Effect if not
Process Waste Product (Day, Night, Day and
maintained.
Night)

Photosynthesis Oxygen Day Will Die

PLANT Respiration
Transpiration
Excretory System
ANIMAL Urinary System
Cellular Respiration

Exercise 3: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. In cockroach, rectum reabsorbs maximum salts and water hence excretory products are in form of
a. Urea b. uric acid c. ammonia d. urine
2. In insects, there is no structural or functional relationship between excretory or digestive system
except in
a. earthworm b. cockroach c. lizards d. ants
3. Kidneys do not help in
a. osmoregulation c. maintaining body temperature
b. maintaining composition of blood plasma d. regulation of blood pH
4. Amount of water (H2O) in blood is increased due to
a. lesser tissue respiration c. more protein-rich diet
b. more glucose in blood d. more water intake
5. Catabolic activities include
a. conversion of glucose to glycogen c. formation of new protoplasm
b. cell repair d. formation of urea in liver

Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at

the last page. Write your score here: ______________

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 STM 008: General Biology 2
Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

It’s time to answer the questions in the What I Know chart in Activity 1. Log in your answers in the
table.

4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Read and analyze the following statements. Then, identify if the following are either positive or negative
feeding mechanism. Write PF if it is Positive Feedback and NF if it is Negative Feedback.

____1. Human blood pressure. When blood pressure increases, signals are sent to the brain from the blood
vessels. Signals are sent to the heart from the brain and heart rate slows down, thus helping blood pressure
to return to normal.
____2. Regulation of blood sugar in humans. When blood sugar rises, insulin sends a signal to the liver,
muscles and other cells to store the excess glucose. Some is stored as body fat and other is stored as
glycogen in the liver and muscles.
____3. Production of human red blood cells (erythropoiesis). A decrease in oxygen is detected by the kidneys
and they secrete erythropoietin. This hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells.
____4. When a human is hungry, metabolism slows down to conserve energy and allow the human to
continue living with less food.
____5. The carbon cycle. The equilibrium of this cycle will change in accordance with carbon dioxide
emissions.
____ 6. Blood pressure needs to remain high enough to pump blood to all parts of the body, but not so high
as to cause damage while doing so.
____7. Temperature regulation in humans occurs constantly. When body temperature rises above this, two
mechanisms kick in the body begins to sweat, and vasodilation occurs to allow more of the blood surface
area to be exposed to the cooler external environment.
____8. Osmoregulation refers to the control of the concentration of various liquids within the body, to
maintain homeostasis. This water enters the fish diffusion through the gills, through food consumption,
and through drinking. Also, because the concentration of salt is higher outside than inside the fish, there is
passive diffusion of salt into the fish and water out of the fish.
____9. The control of blood sugar (glucose) by insulin. When blood sugar rises, receptors in the body sense
a change. In turn, the control center (pancreas) secretes insulin into the blood effectively lowering blood
sugar levels.
____10. Blood clotting. Once a vessel is damaged, platelets start to cling to the injured site and release
chemicals that attract more platelets. The platelets continue to pile up and release chemicals until a clot is
formed

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 STM 008: General Biology 2
Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)
A. Work Tracker
You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just
completed.

B. Think about your Learning

Which part of the module is the most helpful in learning the concepts?

What is the most challenging activity?

FAQs
1. During summer in the Philippines, there are people suffering from heat stroke and dehydration? Why
do you think is the reason?

Heat during summer in the Philippines is too much, which causes heat stroke and dehydration. Heat stroke is the
most severe form of heat illness and is a life-threatening emergency. It is the result of long, extreme exposure to
the sun, in which a person does not sweat enough to lower body temperature. Dehydration is caused when the
body loses water content and essential body salts, such as sodium, potassium, calcium bicarbonate, and
phosphate.

2. Do you think stability can be maintained if excretion of an organism is not normal? Why or why not?

No. Because through excretion organisms control osmotic pressure—the balance between inorganic ions and
water—and maintain acid-base balance. The process thus promotes homeostasis, the constancy of the
organism’s internal environment.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Review: 1. AA 2. PA 3. AA 4. PA 5. PA

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 STM 008: General Biology 2
Students’ Module #5

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Exercise 1: Organs Secretes Form (Solid, Liquid, Gas)

Lungs Carbon Dioxide Gas
Kidney Urine Liquid
Skin Sweat Liquid
Anus Feces Solid/Liquid
Stomata Water Vapor, Oxygen Liquid, Gas
Exercise 2:
When(Time)
Harmful Effect if not
Process Waste Product (Day, Night, Day and
maintained.
Night)
Photosynthesis Oxygen Day Will Die
PLANT
Respiration Carbon Dioxide Night Will Die
Transpiration Water Day and Night Will Die
Excretory System Feces Day and Night Poisoned/Disease/Die
ANIMAL Urinary System Urine Day and Night Poisoned/Disease/Die
Cellular Respiration Carbon Dioxide Day and Night Poisoned/Disease/Die

Exercise 3: 1. B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.D

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