IELTS PREPARATION

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

ENGLISH 11 GERUNDS - PARTICIPLES

[UNIT 6]
(DANH ĐỘNG TỪ - PHÂN TỪ)

● Present participle và Gerund là hai khái niệm hoàn toàn khác nhau, dù cùng mang dạng V-ing.
● Phân biệt dựa vào chức năng ngữ pháp trong câu:
○ Chức năng của một "Phân từ hiện tại" là động từ dạng tiếp diễn hoặc tính từ.
■ He is reading (v) => Present participle
■ He is boring (adj) => Present participle
○ Chức năng của "Danh động từ" là danh từ (noun).
■ All I want to do is sleeping (n) => Gerund

I. Write G if V-ing is Gerunds, P if Present Participles.

1. Seeing that I can not finish the report myself, my mother helps me.
P (Present Participles)

2. The missing child was last seen playing near the river. P

3. I found a coin lying on the sidewalk P

4. Until it stops raining, Peter won’t be allowed to play outside. P

5. I think you should start practising now! .G

6. Listening to music after work helps me relax my mind. G

7. It's a waste of time playing computer games. P

8. The library being closed, we decided to meet in a café. P

9. There are some people waiting to see you.   P

10. She thought of what he had said, smiling happily. P

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11. My mother is in the sitting room. G

12. The girl next door is playing the piano at the moment. P

13. Not wanting to wake the children up, she turned off the radio. P

14. The thing I like best, chatting with friends, always makes me relaxed. G

15. The man driving the red car is my husband. P

16. My sister said she was bored with doing the same things every day. G

17. The book is so interesting that I can't put it down. P

18. Feeling so hungry, I went down to the kitchen to find something to eat. P

19. When he was walking on the pavement, he ran into me. P

20. Malfoy always remembers to turn off all the lights before going home P

● Phân từ dạng chủ động: V-ing/ Having P.II → dùng để rút gọn mệnh đề dạng chủ động.
● Phân từ dạng bị động: (being) P.II/ Having been P.II → dùng để rút gọn mệnh đề dạng chủ động.

II. Complete the sentences with the PERFECT PARTICIPLE (Having (been) P.II). Decide
whether to use ACTIVE or PASSIVE voice.
(Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng phân từ hoàn thành (thể chủ động hoặc bị động)

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(stop) having stopped the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents.
(write) having written the test, we felt relieved
(drink) having drink one liter of water, she really needed to go to the toilet.
(work) having worked all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening.
(send) having been sent to counter 20,1 had to return to counter 3.
(confess) having confessed he was accused of even more criminal offences.
(finish) having finished her phone call, she went back to work.
(arrive) having arrived at the station, we called a taxi.
(type) having been typed by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss.
(lose) having lose ten kilograms, Daisy finally fit into her favorite dress again.
(interrupt) having interrupt several times, she was rather annoyed.
(live) having lived in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker.
(rescue) having been rescued the injured man was taken to hospital.
(park) having park the car, we searched for the ticket machine.
(leave) having leave the party too early, we couldn't see the fireworks anymore .

III. Choose the best answer.

1. He thought that such a trifle was not worth _________.
A. being mentioned B. having mentioned C. mentioning D. to be mentioned
2. I'm surprised at your _________ this book so quickly. How did you manage to do it?
A. being read B. having read C. having been read D. reading
3. I thought of _________ Tim for help, but then I decided to ask Linda.
A. asking B. having asked C. my asking D. to ask
4. The fear _________ for what he had done made him run away.
A. being punished B. of being punished C. of punishing D. to be punished
5. This work should be no problem for him. He is used to _________ it.
A. being done B. do C. doing D. having done
6. She was tired. She didn't feel capable _________ anything.
A. doing B. about doing C. fordoing D. of doing
7. He apologized in advance for _________ to see us during our visit.
A. having been not able B. being not able C. not being able D. not having been able
8. It is no use _________ it. He is not listening to you.
A. by repeating B. in repeating C. of repeating D. repeating
9. We have no objection _________ him.

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A. for inviting B. of inviting C. to inviting D. to invite

10. I was reading a book when she burst into my room without _________.
A. being seen B. knocking C. saying goodbye D. turning on the light
11. _________ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.
A. Having slept B. Have slept C. Having been slept D. Have been slept
12. By the time their baby arrives, the Smiths hope _________ painting and decorating the new nursery.
A. having been finished B to have finished C. having finished D. to have been finished
13. She's angry about not _________ to the farewell party last night
A. having been invited B. to have invited C. having invited D. to have been invited
14. _________, we decided to delay the plan.
A. having heard B. to have heard C. having been heard D. to have been heard
15. I'd love _________ to the party, but it was impossible.
A. having gone B. to have gone C. having been gone D. to have been gone
16. I don't recall _________ him at the conference.
A. having seen B. to have seen C. having been seen D. to have been seen
17. _________ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
A. Having been painted B. To have painted C. Having painted D. To have been painted
18. The stockbroker denied _________ of the secret business deal.
A. having been informed B. to have informed C. having informed D. to have been informed
19. They now regret _________ their son by providing too many material possessions.
A. having been spoiled B. to have spoiled C. having spoiled D. to have been spoiled
20. _________ to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
A. Having been invited B. To have invited C. Having invited D. To have been invited

● Present participle (phân từ hiện tại/hoàn thành): Ving / Having PII

● Past participle (phân từ quá khứ) (Passive): PII / Having been PII
● Nên sử dụng Phân từ hoàn thành (Having P.II) trong các trường hợp sau:
○ V1 có dấu hiệu của thì hoàn thành.
When I had done my homework, I watched K-dramas.
→ Having done my homework, I watched K-dramas.
○ V1 xảy ra trong 1 khoảng thời gian và chấm dứt rồi V2 mới xảy ra, giữa V1 và V2 có 1
khoảng thời gian xen giữa (2 hành động không nối tiếp, không song song).
Although we met in Paris, we now can barely remember the other's face.
→ Although having met in Paris, we now can barely remember the other's face.

IV. Put the verb into the appropriate participle form (present, past or perfect).
(Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng danh động từ/ phân từ hiện tại/ danh động từ hoàn

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thành và phân từ hoàn thành)

1. My boss spends two hours a day (travel) travelling to work.
2. (Swim) swimming is my favorite sport.
3. I enjoy (play) playing tennis with my friends.
4. In spite of (miss) missing the train, we arrived on time.
5. Having completed (complete) the book, he had a holiday.
6. The man denied (be) being at the scene of the accident last night.
7. Having park (park) the car about a kilometer from the stadium, I walked the rest of the way.
8. (take) having taken the umbrella with him, he went out in the heavy rain.
9. I have to work hard these days. I am always busy (do) doing my homework.
10. I suggested (spend) spending the day in the garden.
11. Why do you keep (look) looking back? Are you afraid of (be) being followed? 
12. After (find) having found a hotel, we looked for some place to have dinner.
13. (Feel) felling tired, I went to bed earlyễ
14. (finish) having finished the housework, Tâm Vy went for a walk.
15. We must avoid (hurt) hurting other people's feelings.
16. (Learn) learning a foreign language takes a long time.
17. (Fail) having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.
18. Jack admitted (steal) having stolen the money.
19. (open) opening the drawer, she took out a book.
20. She warned the little boy against playing (play) with matches.

S1 + V1 …, S2 + V2...
→ Rút gọn mệnh đề dạng chủ động: Ving / Having PII..., S1 + V2.
→ Rút gọn mệnh đề dạng bị động: PII / Having been PII, S1 + V2.

V. Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect).
1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
→Seeing the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road
2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.
→ Looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.

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3. As I don't have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
→ Not having a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone
4. Jim spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.
→ Being unemployed, Jim spent a lot of time filling in job application forms.
5. Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.
→ Walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.
6. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.
→ Being built of wood, the house was clearly a fire risk.
7. I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for
arriving late.
→ Having been told off the day before for arriving late, I was eager to catch the bus in good
time.
8. She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.
→ Not knowing where the theater was, she asked for directions at the hotel reception.
9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.
→ Being a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.
10. He had spent his childhood in Hue City so he knew the city well.
→ Having spent his childhood in Hue City, he knew the city well.
11. The fruit was expensive because it was imported.
→ Being imported, the fruit was expensive.
12. We had spent nearly all our money so we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
→ Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
13. As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.
→ Not wanting to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.
14. Although James is known mainly as a writer of novels, he has now written a successful
biography.
→ Known mainly as a writer of novel, James has now written a successful biography.
15. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this
area.
→Having been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.
16. Mary left school early because he felt sick.
→ Feeling sick, Mary left school early
17. The teacher was impressed by Michael's work, so she gave him the highest score.
→ Impressed by Michael's work, the teacher gave her the highest mark.

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18. Because he hadn't studied hard enough for his exam, Tom couldn't pass it.
→ Not having studied hard enough for his exam, Tom couldn't pass it.
19. As I haven't received all the applications yet, I am not eager to hire anyone.
→ Not having received all the applications yet, I am not eager to hire anyone.
20. The golden ring, which was stolen weeks ago, was found.
→ Stolen weeks ago, the golden ring was found.
21. As I have an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you.
→ Having an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you
22. When my sister heard the good news, she wanted to cry.
→Hearing the good news, she wanted to cry.
23. Because I didn't want to lose my passport, I gave it to my father.
→ Not wanting to lose my passport, I gave it to my father.
24. After he had been told to wash the dishes, David entered the kitchen with a frown.
→ Having been told to do the dishes, David entered the kitchen with a frown.
25. As I had been to New York before, I knew where to find a good hotel.
→ Having been to New York before, I knew where to find a good hotel.
26. She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn't able to concentrate.
→ Not having slept for two days, she wasn’t able to concentrate.
27. After Ha had read some documents about Green Earth, she decided to join the
organization.
→ Having read some documents about Green Earth, Ha decided to join the organisation
28. Since Mai had refused Nam's offer of a lift in his car, she had to walk home.
→ Having refused Nam's offer of a lift in his car, Mai had to walk home.
29. Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition.
→ Having practiced a lot, Zoe was sure of her winning in the competition
30. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
→ Having asked his mother's permission the boy went out to play

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