10.

it studies the underlying principles, processes and dynamics of social change

and its social implications. Department of Education
a. Psychology c. Sociology Region III
b. Social Change d. Personality Psychology Schools Division Office of Bulacan
Bunsuran National High School
ENRICHMENT: Bunsuran 1st, Pandi, Bulacan
Brochure: Ask the students to make a brochure containing information about
the particular social science disciplines that caught their attention the most,
then, write an essay about their work. DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Reference:
Abulencia, Arthur S.; Sadera, Jefferson; Arabit-Zapatos, Ma. Lorella C.; Reyes,
Wensley M.; Serafico, Nikolee Marie A. (2017). Disciplines and Ideas in the
Social Sciences Textbook for Senior High School. Quezon City: Printed by Haus Historical Context of Social
of Serah Printing and Trading Corp.
Science Disciplines

ACTIVITY SHEET
Week 3 & 4

NAME: __________________________________

GRADE AND SECTION:_______________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION:______________________

(page 17)
I. OBJECTIVES REFLECTION:
A. CONTENT STANDARDS Direction: Answer this question. Write your answers on the space provided.
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the emergence of the Social Science Do you believe that the knowledge of these social science disciplines helps you as
and the different disciplines. an ordinary individual understand the different approaches and/or ways that emerged
brought about by the pandemic? Explain your answer.
B. PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners shall be able to connect the disciplines with their historical and social INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT (POST TEST):
foundation. Multiple Choice. Read and answer the following. Write the letter that corresponds to
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
C. MELCs 1. It traces its roots from natural history which is the study of plants, animals, and
Explain the major events and its contribution that led to the emergence of the humans with reference to their history and native environment.
social science disciplines a. Anthropology c. Sociology
D. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: b. Geography d. History
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to: 2. It was not considered a separate discipline until the nineteenth century. Greeks
• Outline the historical antecedent of each Social Science discipline examined wealth accumulation.
• Know the classical frameworks of historical materialism and human a. Anthropology c. History
personality b. Geography d. Economics
• Appreciate the context which directed the emergence of each Social Science 3. This study satisfies natural curiosity about foreign places and different ways of life.
discipline a. Sociology c. Geography
• Know the person/s pioneered in the exploration of each Social Science b. Political Science d. Psychology
discipline 4. Its historical foundation is the industrial revolution led to rapid progress and economic
stimulus.
II. CONTENT a. Sociology c. Geography
TOPIC/LESSON: HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE EMERGENCE OF EACH DISCCIPLINE b. Political Science d. Psychology
5. A method that draws political generalization on useful theories or insightful doctrines
III. PROCEDURE from basic or given facts.
A. PRE-TEST a. Historical Method c. Comparative Method
Read and answer the following. Write the letter that corresponds to your b. Scientific Method d. Inductive Method
answer on a separate sheet of paper. 6. It refers to courses which focus on forces at work in the government and politics
1. The discovery and contract to new civilizations by European explorers and rather than on structures and institutions.
colonizers led to curiosity and questions of who these people are, who their a. Political Dynamics c. Public Administration
ancestors were. b. International Relations d. Public Law
a. Psychology c. Sociology 7. Studies the experiences of ordinary people in the past.
b. Anthropology d. History a. Social History c. History
2. This is a formative years as social science discipline in 19 th century. It contains b. Political History d. Economic History
description of human culture and civilizations. 8. The study of various ways of inheritance that take place in man.
a. Sociology c. Psychology a. Racial History c. Human Genetics
b. Anthropology d. History b. Human Osteology d. Primatology
3. He coined the term “culture”. 9. It deals with the application of linguistics theory to the field of speech-language
c. a. Adam Smith c. Eratosthenes pathology.
d. b. Edward Burnett Tylor d. Aristotle c. a. Evolutionary Linguistics c. Neuro Linguistics
d. b. Psycho Linguistics d. Clinic Linguistics
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 INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 3: Word Search. 4. He saw a world where each person sought their own self-interest but was constrained
by morality, markets, and government.
a. Wilhelm Wundt c. Edward Burnett Tylor
b. Auguste Comte d. Adam Smith
5. Feudalism in the Middle Ages to mercantilist theory in the Renaissance were concerned
to orient trade policy to further the national interest.
a. history c. economics
b. geography d. anthropology
6. People engaged in this study, wherein it satisfies their natural curiosity about foreign
places and different ways of life.
a. anthropology c. sociology
b. demography d. geography
7. It tends to glorify the nation or great men, to more objective and complex analyses of
social ang intellectual forces in the 20 th century.
a. history c. economics
b. geography d. demography
8. The Hindus also created text called “Vedas”.
a. history c. linguistics
b. geography d. demography
9. It was the families came to organize collective unions from basic groups to more
organized affiliations that within the handle introduced the birth of a city.
a. Political Science c. Psychology
b. Geography d. Sociology
GENERALIZATION: 10. He argued that conscious mental states could be scientifically studied using
Fill out the table below, based your answers to your understanding of the introspection.
different social science disciplines. a. Political Science c. Psychology
b. Geography d. Sociology
Social Science Disciplines Notes
1. Sociology
B. MOTIVATION:
2. Psychology
Picture Conceptualization. On a separate sheet, draw an idea that depicts
3. Anthropology
different social science disciplines and write a short explanation about it.
4. Economic
5. Geography C. ABSTRACTION (DISCUSSION OF THE TOPIC)
6. History
Society Challenge and Change
7. Linguistics What is Social Change:
8. Political Science • Social change refers to changes in the way society is organized and, in the beliefs,
and practices of the people who live in it
• Social Scientists try to understand the nature of social change and what forces
drive it rather then predict the future.

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 INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2:
Direction: Identify the discipline in each statement. Write the correct answer on
the blank.

________________ 1. Anna’s curiosity and questions about her whereabouts, so she traces
down her ancestors, the places where they from, the way they conduct their way of life and
culture, their beliefs including the technology they have during those times.

________________ 2. Bella uses illustrations, chronicles and travelogues that contains

human culture to outline her roots.

_________________ 3. An English Cultural Anthropologist that coined/ created the term

“culture”.
Anthropology
Anthropology is the broad study of humankind around the world and throughout
_________________ 4. Adam sought his own self-interest but he was constrained by
time. It is concerned with both the biological and the cultural aspects of humans.
morality, market, and government.
• Anthropologists are interested in all human beings – whether living or dead.
• No place or time is too remote to escape the notice of anthropologists.
_________________ 5. Smith owned a land wherein he serves as the landlord to his
• No dimension of humankind from skin color to dress customs falls outside the
tenants.
anthropologist’s interest.
Anthropology is made up of five sub-divisions
_________________ 6. A group of students went to different foreign places to research on
1. Physical Anthropology the different ways of life and collect facts that intended to give a complete picture of it.
• Biological (also called Physical) anthropology is concerned with the anatomy
and behavior of monkeys and apes, the physical variation between different __________________ 7. Ms. Reyes went through an orderly and systematic inquiry about
human populations, and the biological evolution of the human species. his man’s recorded past to reconstruct his memory.
• The specialization of primatology studies the evolution, anatomy,
adaptation, and social behavior of primates, the taxonomic order to which __________________ 8. During the social science class, one of the students cited that the
humans belong. old Babylon created texts called Sumerian and later on the Hindus created a text called
• We humans or Homo sapiens sapiens share 98% of our genes with Vedas.
chimpanzees.
• Another important goal of biological anthropology is to understand how and __________________ 9. The Santos family gathered all their relatives and soon all the
why the human species evolved from prehuman, apelike ancestors. members of their village to form an association that can protect their survival and interests.
• The specialization that investigates human biological evolution is known as
paleonanthropology. _________________ 10. The class of HUMSS are answering an individual activity that was
• Paleonanthropologists have reconstructed the history of how humans delegated to them, it was evident that all of the students were sharing their answers, while
evolved anatomically. Marley is working on her own.
2. Cultural Anthropology
• Is the study of contemporary and historically recent activities and cultures
• Is the studying firsthand and reporting about the ways of living in particular
group.
(page 3) (page 14)
 - narrative records (previous histories, memoirs, letters, and imaginative • Is understanding the causes and consequences of cultural change
literature) • Is enhancing public understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and
- legal and financial records of courts, legislatures, religious institutions, or multicultural diversity
businesses o Culture  social control
- unwritten information derived from the physical remains of past civilizations o Emotions and behaviors  economic patterns
(architecture, arts and crafts, burial grounds, and cultivated land) o Languages and communication  kinship
Herodotus (5th century bc) - Father of History, wrote his famous account of the Persian o Religion  sex and marriage
Wars. o Technology  gender
LINGUISTICS o Political systems  socialization
3. Archaeology
Historical Foundation
• Prehistoric Archaeology is the study of ancient pre-literate cultures—those that
• It was the old Babylon who first created linguistics texts called Sumerian never kept written records of their activities, customs and beliefs.
• Hindus also created text called Vedas o Although prehistoric peoples lacked writing, some information about
• The formal study of language began in India their way of life can be recovered from tools, pottery, ornaments, bones,
• It started with the formulation of 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology plant pollen, charcoal and other materials they left behind, in or around
• Early interest in language in the West was apart of Philosophy, not a grammatical the ground.
description. • Many archaeologists today are employed not in universities but in museums,
Ferdinand de Saussure – a Swiss linguist. Posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and public agencies, and for profit corporations.
therefore that all languages function is a similar fashion. • Provincial highway agencies employ archaeologists to conduct surveys of
POLITICAL SCIENCE proposed new routes in order to locate and excavate archaeological sites that will
Historical Foundation be destroyed.
• It was once a part of the many related fields of study like history, philosophy, law, 4. Linguistic Anthropology
and economics The human communication process focusing on…
• The theoretical and practical study of the state and the politics began way back to o the importance of socio-cultural influences
the time of the Ancient Greeks about 500-300 B.C. o nonverbal communication
• During the ancient times, men had formed basic social linkages, inherently o the structure of language
persuaded by the needs to associate themselves to protect their survival and o The function of language
interest. o The history of languages, dialects, pidgins, and creoles
• Families came to organize collective unions from a single bands to more organized ▪ Applied Linguistics
associations forming a village whose membership span to more than a hundred o Is the ability to communicate complex messages with greater efficiency
that in the process ushered the birth of a city. o Is concerned with the complex relations between language and other
• The chieftain who headed a village was chosen from the ranks of leaders with the aspects of human behaviour and thought
power to make laws, judge, and execute laws. 5. Applied Anthropology
• The chiefdom became a state. • Applied Anthropologist are problem solvers.
o They solve problems drawing upon the cultural context for clues about how
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) – is a Political Scientist that laid down the foundation of governance to address a problem in ways that will make sense to the people of that
and leadership. He said, “Man by nature is a political animal” culture.
• His contribution to the discourse had brought various philosophers to argue that • Applied anthropologists can be medical anthropologists—investigate the complex
politics is not just about the structure of a state but also about civility, order, and interactions among human health, nutrition, social environment and cultural
organization in a state. beliefs and practices.
(page 4)
(page 13)

• Also development anthropologists—apply their expertise to the solutions of
practical human problems especially in the developing world—development
anthropologists provide information about communities that help agencies adapt
projects to local conditions and local needs.
SOCIOLOGY
 scientific study of patterned, shared human behavior (Joseph Fichter)
 scientific study of patterns of human interaction that deals with the study of
group life
 study of the patterns & processes of human relations (Rodney Stark)
 a body of scientific knowledge with theories based on scientific investigations &
observations, rather than on “armchair” speculations (Lundberg & Associates)
 pure science concerned w/acquisition of knowledge about human society & the
behavior of human beings w/i society
 systematic & scientific study of human social behavior & all the social systems
that such behavior creates (Perry)
 concerned w/ rules & structures upon w/c we examine our social environment
(Hess)
 study of social changes that occurred but also believed that change was normal &
that out of change a better form of society can be created (Denisoff)
 systematic & scientific study of human behavior & the factors of society w/c may
be studied to solve social problems & understand social life.
PURPOSES OF SOCIOLOGY
1. Acquisition of knowledge to learn how society works.
2. Application of this knowledge to the improvement of society & the solution of
social problems.
BRANCHES OF SOCIOLOGY
 Microsociology – study of small group life in close-up
 Macrosociology – study of larger groups – attempt to explain the fundamental
patterns & processes of large-scale social relations
AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY
1. Social Organization
- study of the various social institutions, social groups, social stratification, social
mobility, bureaucracy, ethnic groups & relations & other similar subjects (family,
education, politics, religion, economy)
- Soils Geography (Soil Management) - concerned with the distribution of soil
- Hydrography - concerns the distribution of seas, lakes, rivers, and streams in
relation to their uses.
(page 5)
• Oceanography - with the waves, tides, and currents of oceans and the ocean
floor
• Cartography - mapmaking through graphic representation and measurement of
the surface of the earth
• Cultural (Human) Geography - involves all phases of human social life in relation
to the physical earth
• Economic Geography - deals with the industrial use of the geographic
environment
• Political Geography - an application of political science that deals with human
social activities that are related to the locations and boundaries of cities, nations,
and groups of nations.
• Military Geography - provides military leaders with information about areas in
which they may need to operate.
BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
Regional Geography
- seeks explanations for the variety among places by studying the special combination
of features that distinguishes these places
 Microgeography - regional geographers may study the development of a small
area such as a city.
 Macrodivisions - focus on large areas such as the Mediterranean region or an
entire continent and identifies according to their cultural characteristics.
HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHY
 Chinese, Egyptians and Phoenicians made long journeys and recorded their
observations of strange lands.
 One of the first known maps was made on a clay tablet in Babylonia about 2300
bc.
Ancient Greeks - gave the Western world its first important knowledge relating to the
form, size, and general nature of the earth
Eratosthenes - Greek geographer was the first person to accurately calculate the
circumference of the earth.
HISTORY
• totality of all past events, although a more realistic definition would limit it to the
known past
• may be the hardest to define precisely, because the attempt to uncover past
events and formulate an intelligible account of them necessarily involves the use
and influence of many auxiliary disciplines and literary forms
Historiography - written record of what is known of human lives and societies in the past
and how historians have attempted to understand them:
- testimony from living witnesses
(page 12)
How do the Experts Compare and Contrast Social Change?
GEOGRAPHY
 science that deals with the distribution and arrangement of all elements of the
earth's surface
 geography was adopted in the 200s bc by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes and
means “earth description”
 encompasses the environment of the earth's surface and the relationship of
humans to this environment, which includes both physical and cultural
geographic features.
 Physical geographic features include the climate, land and water, and plant and
animal life.
 Cultural geographic features include artificial entities, such as nations,
settlements, lines of communication, transportation, buildings, and other
modifications of the physical geographic environment.
BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography - includes the following fields:
 Geomorphology - uses Geology to study the form and structure of the surface of
the earth
 Climatology - involves Meteorology and is concerned with climatic conditions
 Biogeography - uses Biology and deals with the distribution of plant and animal
life
(page 11)
2. Social Psychology
- study of human nature as an outcome of group life, social attitudes, collective
behavior & personality formation
- deals w/group life & the individual’s traits, attitudes, beliefs as influenced by
group life
- views man w/reference to group life
3. Social Change & Social Disorganization
- study of the change in culture & social relations & the disruption that may occur
in society
- study of current social problems in society as juvenile delinquency, criminality,
drug addiction, family conflicts, divorce, population problems
4. Human Ecology
- studies the nature & behavior of a given population & its relationships to the
group’s present social institutions (mental illness, criminality, delinquencies,
prostitution & drug addiction in urban centers & other highly developed places)
5. Population or Demography
- - study of population number, composition, change & quality, as they influence
the economic, political & social system
6. Sociological Theory & Method
- concerned w/ the applicability & usefulness of the principles & theories of group
life as bases for the regulation of man’s social environment
- includes theory building & testing as bases for the prediction & control of man’s
social environment
7. Applied Sociology
- utilizes the findings of pure sociological in various fields (criminology, social work,
community development, education industrial relations, family counseling & other
aspects & problems of daily life).
AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857) - He argued that knowledge passes through three (3) stages:
1. theological / religious stage
2. metaphysical / abstract reasoning stage
3. positive / scientific stage
Positive Polity (1854), he strongly believed in the importance of his ideas & he refused
all royalties because he felt they should be given to the world.
DEFINITION & NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY
(Encarta Encyclopedia, CNRI/Science Source)
PSYCHOLOGY
- is the science of human behaviour.
- it investigates problems such as individual differences in intelligence and personality,
acquisition of knowledge and learning, forgetting, group behaviour, maintenance of sound
mental health, frustrations and conflicts, and the diagnosis and treatment of behaviour
disorders.
(page 6
WILHELM WUNDT 12. MENTAL HYGIENE
– thought that Psychology can be considered a science if it will deal more on experimental This study the various methods of caring for the mind to avoid becoming mentally
research than speculation or reflection. disturbed. This is more of a preventive rather than a cure.
- he put up the world’s first laboratory for the experimental investigation of psychological 13. ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY
problems in the University of Leipzig in 1879. This implies that work management and human factors are closely related fields
- he & his students focused their study on consciousness which is awareness of oneself
brought into being by automation and the space age. The objective is to design
and the world about him.
equipment which will be best adapted to human requirements.
- They used INTROSPECTION as their principal method.
INTROSPECTION
- is looking into or examination of one’s thought or feeling INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1: Compare and Contrast. Write inside the circle the
factors affecting the different disciplines. Read the table below, use it as a guide
STRUCTURALISTS in answering the diagram.
- term used for those who studied consciousness in this way because they tried to
describe the contents or structure of the mind.
SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. STRUCTURALISM ANTHROPOLOGY
- Leaders of this school were WILHELM WUNDT & EDWARD TITCHENER
- It deals with the study of the elements which form the structure of the mind.
- INTROSPECTION is the method used by STRUCTURALIST.
2. FUNCTIONALISM
- It was developed at the University of Chicago under the leadership of JOHN DEWEY
and JAMES ANGELL and at the Harvard University under WILLIAM JAMES. Behaviours of Behaviours
Groups & of Individuals
- They became involved in studying the functions of consciousness rather that the Institutions & Groups

SOCIOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY
All study of
structure of the mind.
Human
- FUNCTIONALISTs believed that consciousness aids in the learning process. Behaviour
- Their study broadened as they dealt with intelligence, personality and many practical
problems of education.
- They stressed the study of the learning process because learning is a means of man’s
adjustment to his environment. Behaviour of Individuals
3. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
- A group of German psychologists led by MAX WERTHEIMER, WOLFGANG KOHLER &
KOFFHA introduced this school.
- GESTALTISTS analyzed experience by configuration, whole or pattern. They
emphasized the importance of wholeness in the process of learning. To them, the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts. They also emphasized the importance of form in
perception and believed that shapes and forms need to be described by the organization
of the entire perceptual field.
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(page 7)
4. BEHAVIORISM
The leader of the BEHAVIORISTS is JOHN B. WATSON, Professor of Psychology at John
Hopkins University. They believed that the concern of Psychology should be behaviors
which are observable and not conscious experience which is subjective and known only to
the person involved. WATSON explained behavior in terms of STIMULUS and RESPONSE.
5. PSYCHOANALYSIS
A Viennese physician, DR. SIGMUND FREUD, developed the theory known as
PSYCHOANALYSIS to explain physical, nervous and emotional disorders with
organic explanation.
Freud became interested on the subconscious and its effect on the conscious
mind. Unresolved conflicts during childhood give rise to psychological difficulties.
According to him, when the wishes of the unconscious mind and the activities of
the conscious mind are in conflict, abnormal behavior results. He stressed sexual
desires as strong forces.
6. HUMANISM
This school believes that every person has an inherent desire for what is good.
Criminality and delinquency are caused by an environment which is unhealthy and
inadequate for proper development of an individual.
HUMANISTS believed that each person is destined to be good. Growth is internal
and the environment only acts as background.
7. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
This is a blend of HUMANISM & BEHAVIORISM giving special attention on
thought processes, reasoning and problem solving.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGISTS work towards the of the basic method of operation
for human brain. To them, man’s capability of thinking enables him to compare
past & present experiences and form judgment based on the same.
IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY
❖ It helps one understand himself and other people better.
❖ It makes a person realize why people differ from one another.
❖ It teaches him to adjust to people and to his environment.
❖ It introduces him to important concepts on vital processes like learning,
motivation, sensation, perception and emotion.
❖ It aids him to maintain a wholesome, healthy and well-rounded personality.
FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
- It deals with the biological factors that help shape human nature.
- It studies the relation between behavior and the sense organs, nervous systems,
muscles and glands.
(page 8)
2. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
The scientific study of how individuals change over time and the factors that produce
these changes. Its studies behavior from pre-natal to senescence or old age.
2. DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Concentrates on the differences between individuals in abilities and in physical and
mental makeup. It is also concerned with the extent to which differences are inborn or
acquired and how they can be changed by special training.
3. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
This uses psychological approaches and methods in dealing with education from the
kindergarten through college. It applies widely the psychology of learning and memory
and of the thought processes.
4. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
This concentrates on the study of behavior disorders. It includes abnormalities of
perception, emotion and memory; neurotic behavior such as hysteria and compulsion;
and psychoses such as schizophrenic and manic-depressive disorder.
5. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
This deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental deficiency and mental
disorders. Psychiatrists & Clinical Psychologists apply what they have learned in their
study of Abnormal Psychology.
Psychiatrist is a Doctor of Medicine and can thus use medical as well as psychological
procedures.
Clinical Psychologist is a Ph.D. in Psychology who uses only psychological procedures
such as administration of tests and practice of therapy.
6. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
This applies psychological techniques and data to factory and office. It deals with job
training methods, fatigue reduction, efficient work procedures, worker motivation,
morale, the selection of workers, and advertising and selling.
8. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
This examines individual’s attitudes and personality development by living in group
such as the family, neighborhood and nation. This also includes the study of crowds,
audiences, nations and races.
9. VOCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
This helps an individual decide what sort of lifework he should choose. It attempts to
discover aptitudes for particular studies or occupation.
10. LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY
This deals with the different factors involved in crime and delinquency. It also studies
the different testimonies given by criminals, delinquents and witnesses.
11. HUMAN RELATIONS
This involves the maintenance of harmonious relations among people and the factors
that help shape such relations.
(page 9)