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Calculation of the Rotor Bar Resistance and Leakage Inductance in a Solid-Rotor

Induction Motors with a One Slot Model

Article · January 2003

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Lale T. Ergene S.J. Salon

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 Calculation of the Rotor Bar Resistance and Leakage Inductance in
a Solid-Rotor Induction Motors with a One Slot Model
L. T. Ergene 1 , S.J.Salon 2, Y.Akiyama3
1
Magsoft Corporation
Peoples Avenue Troy NY 12180
Phone: +1 518 271 1352 – fax: +1 518 271 8366 - e-mail: lale@magsoft -flux.com
2
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
ECSE Department
110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA
e-mail: salons@rpi.edu
3
Small Motors Laboratory
Heiwa Plaza #305 8-12 Toyooka Tsurumi-Ku
Yokoham a-Shi 230-0062 Japan
e-mail: office@sml-nb.co.jp

Abstract--This paper presents a one slot finite element model of a

v r
A2 = A1e − jαp
specific type of induction motor, a solid rotor induction motor.
(1)
This machine will have eddy currents and extra losses inside the
rotor since the rotor doesn’t have the lamination. The reason for
creating a one-slot model of the solid rotor induction motor is to In the equation α and p denote rotor slot pitch and
simplify the model and reduce the computational time while still number of pole pairs, respectively.
retaining the ability to compute the rotor bar resistance and the
leakage reactance. The paper shows how to model one slot at the Js
low frequency applications and gives the comparison between one
slot and the entire induction motor results. Air gap

Index terms—solid rotor induction motor, active power losses, one-

slot model, rotor bar resistance and leakage inductance.

I. INTRODUCTION Rotor Bar

The Finite Element Method has many advantages

compared to the other numerical methods such as
handling complex geometries, nonlinearity etc. [1]. A1 A2
Since the rotor body and rotor bars are made of
conducting material in the solid rotor induction motor,
the eddy current problem would arise. In that case, the
Rotor Body
Finite Element Model will be based on the nodal
solution of the nonlinear/linear diffusion equations. One
slot gives the smaller model compare to the entire
machine and this helps to reduce computation time
significantly. This approach has been used to calculate
rotor bar resistance, leakage inductance, end ring a
resistance and inductance for the conventional type of
induction motors previously [2],[3]. Fig. 1. The rotor tooth -pitch model of the solid rotor induction motor.

II. THEORY The inner arc portion is assumed to be impermeable to

To define appropriate boundary conditions for this model
is the most critical point. Since a one-slot model is used,
periodic boundary conditions will be imposed along the
radial boundaries. The radial boundaries show that the
one slot model is just one portion of the complete
machine which carries 2p pole MMF distribution. The
motor section with the regions is shown in Figure 1. The
magnetic vector potential relationship between the radial
sides of the boundary is given by equation 1:
flux, so the vector potential value is defined as a
constant, which is the Dirichlet boundary condition. The
outer radial boundary of the one-slot pitch model is
defined as an MMF source representing the stator
equivalent current sheet. This value should give the
same fundamental airgap flux density as the actual
stator. The harmonics due to stator slotting and phase
belts are not included. T he outer boundary
corresponding to the stator bore has been defined as a
line or shell region to impose a current sheet (or vector
potential) along that arc.
 TABLE I. THE ROTOR BAR RESISTANCE AND LEAKAGE
III. IMPLEMENTATION INDUCTANCE

The stator phase current is obtained from the AC steady Inductance (H) Resistance (Ohm)
state (magneto-dynam ic) solution. The use of the phase Finite Element 1.58E-6 6.1e-4
current on the line region will not satisfy the required Analytical 1.56 e-6 6.1e-4
boundary conditions, so the total ampere-turn equivalent
Figure 5 and 6 shows the resistance and leakage
current for the one slot pitch of the motor is applied on
inductance of the bar as a function of the rotor
that surface. The current is distributed along the arc by frequency.
taking into account the phase angle. Figure 2,3,4 show
the one slot model results for different low frequency 6.25E-04

levels. The flux lines are getting more concentrated to

the air gap when the frequency increases as expected. 6.20E-04

6.15E-04

6.10E-04

6.05E-04

6.00E-04
0.5 5 10 15 20 25 30
Fig. 2. The equi-flux lines at 1 Hz.
Frequency(Hz)

Fig. 5. The resistance of the rotor bar.

2.50E-06

2.30E-06

Fig. 3. The equi-flux lines at 8 Hz.

2.10E-06

1.90E-06

1.70E-06

1.50E-06
0.5 5 10 15 20 25 30
Fig. 4. The equi-flux lines at 16 Hz.
Frequency(Hz)

The equivalent ac resistance of the bar is computed by Fig. 6. The inductance of the rotor bar.
equating the Joule loss.
V. CONCLUSION
∫ J .J
*
r r
ds
R ac = (2)
s I r2 This paper gives the basic concepts, the finite element
formulation and implementation strategies of the one slot
The rotor leakage inductance is due to the entire rotor model. The rotor bar resistance and the leakage
driven flux which crosses the slot. By using the stored inductance can be computed for that specific type of the
energy in the rotor bar, the equivalent inductance can be motor. The future work is going to show how to extract
calculated as follows: magnetizing reactance value from the total reactance at
the one slot model. The paper als o will include how the
lb 2 rotor conductivity affects the results.
2 ∫s
L slot = B dS (3)
µ0 I REFERENCES

IV. RESULTS
[1]Chari,M.V.K, Salon,S.J. “Numerical Methods in
Electromagnetism”. Academic Press, 2000.
Table 1 shows the rotor bar resistance and the leakage [2] Williamson, S. “Calculation of the bar resistance and Leakage
Reactance of Cage Rotors with Closed Slots”. IEE Proceedings,
reactance comparison between the analytical and Finite Vol.132,Pt.B, No.3, May 1985.
Element results for the one slot model. [3] Flux2D User’s Guide. Version7.6. CEDRAT/ MAGSOFT,
January 2002.

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