Jualifying ROUND Chemical Reactions and Equations (1 Mark each) ‘on heating lead nitrate. It is an Objective Type Questions 1. Ared brown gas is released along with O, and lead oxide example of (a) combination reaction (c) decomposition reaction 2. What are the coefficients of the correctly balanced equation? e203 + ?CO—> ?Fe+ 2COz (b) 1,3,2,3 (0) 1,2,2,2 (d)2,6,4,3 of Assertion is followed by a (b) oxidation reaction (d) reduction reaction (a) 0, 2,2,3 Directions (Q. Nos. 3-4) /n the following questions a statement statement of Reason. Mark the correct choice as : (a) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. (d) If Reason is true but Assertion is false. 3. Assertion Chemical reaction changes the physical and chemical state of a substance. Reason When electric current is passed through water (liquid), it decomposes to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases. 2H,0 —Electie-» 2H, + Op 4, Assertion in a balanced chemical equation, total mass of the each element towards reactant side =total mass of the same element towards product side. Reason Mass can neither be created nor be destroyed during a chemical change 5, Name and state the law which is kept in mind while we balance a chemical equation. 6. Why is decomposition reaction called opposite of combination reaction? 1ort Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each) 7. What information do we get from a balanced chemical equation? 8. In a container, solid calcium oxide was taken and water was added slowly to it. (a) State the two observations made in the experiment. (b) Write the name and chemical formula of the product formed. @ : Solutions to questions given in ‘Qualifying Round’ are given on page no. 253-273.Science Class 10th 9. Give reasons: (a) Magnesium ribbon should be cleaned before burning in air. (b) Photosynthesis is considered as an endothermic reaction, (c) Combustion reaction is an oxidation reaction, Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks each, 10. (a) A student has been collecting silver coins and copper coins. After some days, when shy. took out the coins to count, she observed a black coating on silver coins and grec, coating on copper coins. Which chemical phenomenon is responsible for such ‘Coatings? Write the chemical reactions involved, (b) Name the gas that is used by manufacturers to fill the packets of chips to prevent thers from getting oxidised. : 11. Consider the chemical equation given below and answer the questions that follow : Zn0+C—>Zn+ CO (a) Name the substance which is getting oxidised. (b) Name the substance which is getting reduced. () Narie the oxidising agent (d) Name the reducing agent. (e) What type of a reaction does this equation represent? Acids, Bases and Salts Objective Type Questions ‘1, What is the common name of CaOC!,? (@) Bleaching powder (c) Washing soda (1 Mark each) (b) Baking soda (d) Lime water 2. Which one will turn red litmus blue? (a) Vinegar (b) Lemon juice (©) Sott drinks (d) Baking soda solution Directions (Q. Nos. 3-4) in the following questions'a statement of Assertion is followed by * statement of Reason. Mark the correct choice as : {@) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion (b) lf both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation © Assertion. (C) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. (4) 1 Reason is true but Assertion is false. 3, Assertion HC! produces, hydroniumions(H,0*)and chloride ions(CI")inaqueous solu! Reason In presence of water, bases give H" ions, 4. Assertion Calcium oxide is a base but not an alkali Reason Calcium oxide is sparingly soluble in water. : 5. How does the concentration of 1,0" ions getaffected, when a solution of an acid is cS 6. Why does dry HCI not change the colour of dry litmus?qualifying Round short Answer Type Questions (2/8 Marks each) 7, To an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, a few drops of phenolphthalein were added. What do you observe? To this solution small amount of dil. HCI was added. What do you observe now ? Explain your answer, 8. Answer the following (a) Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate an essential ingredient in ant-acids? (b) What happens, when crystals of washing soda are left open in dry alr? (c) Why does milkman add a ‘small amount of baking soda to fresh milk? 9, (a) Why curd or sour substances should not be kept in brass and copper vessels? (b) Aqueous solution of HCI shows acidic character, whereas aqueous solution of glucose does not. Why? (c) What will you observe when a small amount of copper oxide is added in a beaker containing dilute hydrochloric acid? Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks each) 10. Write balanced chemical equations for the following (a) Chlorine gas is passed through dry slaked lime. (b) Bleaching powder is kept open in aii. (c) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. (d) Electricity is passed through brine. (€) Formation of baking soda from sodium chloride. TI. (a) Why is washing soda also called basic salt? What are its uses? (b) How do metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates react with acids? Give their chemical equations. (c) What is rock salt? Why is it brown in colour? Metals and Non-metals Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each) 1, Select odd one out from the following elements. (@) Bismuth (b) Copper (0) Zine (d) Arsenic 2. Which element is present at the top of the reactivity series and is stored in kerosene oil? (a) Potassium (b) Tin (0) \Lead (4)Gold Directions (Q. Nos. 3-4) In the folowing questions a statement of Assertion is followed by a Statement of Reason. Mark the correct choice as : (a) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion (0) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion (C) I Assertion is true but Reason is false. (d) If Reason is true but Assertion is false. 3. Assertion Carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide which is an acidic oxide. Reason Non-metals form acidic oxides. :Science Class 10th 4. Assertion When zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate, no change is observed Reason Zinc is more reactive than iron, 5. Why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid state although they are made up ions? 6. Pure goldis very sof, then how is it used to make ornaments? Short Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each) 7. Write chemical equations for reactions taking place when (a) potassium with water. (b) steam is passed over hot iron. (c) magnesium is treated with dil. HNO. 8. Give reasons for the following: (a) Metals are regarded as electropositive elements. (b) When a piece of copper metal is added to a solution of zinc sulphate, no change takes place but the blue colour of copper sulphate fades away when a piece of zinc is placedin its solution, (c) Reaction of Ca with water is less violent. 9. A student was given Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu metals. He puts each of them in dil. HCl contained » different test tubes. Identify which of them (@) will not displace H, from dil. HCL (b) will give Hp with 5% HNO, (c) willbe displaced from its salt solution by all other metals. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks each) 10. In what forms metals found in nature? With the help of examples, explain how metals ree with oxygen, water and dilute acids. Also, write chemical equation for the reactions. 11. Give reason for the following (@) lonic compounds have high melting and boiling points. (0) Non-metals in general do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids. (c) Hydrogen gas is not evolved, when zinc metal reacts with dil. HNO; (2) Schoo! bells are made up of metals (e) Sodium hydroxide solution cannot be kept in aluminium containers. Carbon and Its Compounds Objective Type Questions (1 Mark ea 1. According to given figure, how many electrons are being shared by each oxygen” (a)2 (b)3 (c)1 (d) 4qualifying Round 3. Assertion Carbon shows maximum catenation property in the periodic table. Reason Carbon has small size and thus, forms strong C—C bond. jon of Assertion. both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanati (a) if e correct explanation of (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason. is not. thé Assertion. {c) If Assertion Is true but Reason is false, {¢) If Reason is true but Assertion is false short Answer Type Question “(2/3 Marks each) 3, (a) What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds, we see around us? (0) What is homologous series? Long Answer Type Question | (6 Marks each) 4, (a) An element of group 14 has two common allotropes, A and 8. Als very hard and is bad conductor of electricity while Bis soft to touch and good conductor of electricity: Identify the element and its allotropes. Explain reasons for their different properties. (b) What is @ covalent bond? What type of bond exists in (CCl? (ii) CaCl? (c) Draw the electron dot structure of water molecule. Periodic Classification of Elements Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each) 1. How many triads did Dobereiner identity from the existing elements during his time? (@) Three (b) Two (c) Six (a) One 2, Arrange the following in increasing order of non-metallic character: Mg, Al, Si, Na (a) Al< Si (© (2/3 Marks each) 9. (a) Does the transport of food in plants require living tissues and energy? (b) Name the components of food that are transported by 'the living tissues. |. Given below is a diagram showing a section of the human heart. St 2 ‘i Science Class 10t; (a) Identify the parts labelled as X, ¥ and Z in the above figure. (b) Among the following given blood vessels, identify those (i) which carry oxygenated blood. (ii) which carry deoxygenated blood. “Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, Aorta, Vena cava,’ T1. Our body produces various waste products through different processes. List the was products with the organs involved in their removal. 12, (a) The diagram given below shows parts of the human respiratory system. Identity ar name the parts labelled as A-B in the figure. (b) Explain the working of lungs as organs of excretion. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks eact 13. (a) In which form are oxygen and CO, transported in the blood? (b) What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm, the external intercostal muscles and th Position of diaphragm during inspiration and expiration? (c) Why do the walls of trachea not collapse, when there is less air in it? 14, Shanu told his father that plants exude out a lot of water in the form of vapour throug leaves. Define this process. What is its importance? How do stomata help in this process y How do Organisms Reproduce Objective Type Questions (1 Mark eac! 1. Callus is defined as (a) an insoluble carbohydrate (b) tissue which forms embryo (c) tissue which grows to form embryoid (d) an unorganised actively dividing mass of cells maintained in a culture 2. What is the role of secretions of seminal vesicles and prostate glands? (a) Provides transport medium only (b) Provides nutrition only (c) Provides maturation of ovary (d) Both (a) and (b) 3. Identify the disease which is caused by a virus. (a) Syphilis (b) Genital warts (c) Gonorthoea (d) Both (a) and (c)qualifying Round nN 4, What would be the major effects of removing ovary on female reproductive system? (a) Production of egg will stop forever (b) Hormones will be produced in large amount (c) Entry of male gametes into oviduct will halt (d) Allof the above Directions (Q. Nos. 5-6) In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by @ statement of Reason. Mark the correct choice as (a) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are true, and Reasonis the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (d) If Reason is true, but Assertion is false 5, Assertion The uterus prepares itself every month to receive a fertilised egg. Reason The ovary releases one egg every month. 6. Assertion Ureter forms the common passage for both the sperms and urine. Reason It never carries both of them at the same time. 7. How do we know that two different individuals belong to the same species? 8, In a bisexual flower inspite of the young stamens being removed artificially, the flower produces fruit. Provide a suitable explanation for the above situation Short Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each) 9. (i) Explain, what are unisexual and bisexual organisms, giving an example for each. (i) What type of pollination would ocour by insects? 10. Explain, why fertilisation is possible only if copulation takes place during the middle of the menstrual cycle. Also, give the name of the process which gets temporarily stopped, when a woman gets pregnant 11. Name the most widely used method of contraception. Explain, how does it work? 12, Differentiate between the reproduction in Hydra and Amoeba Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks each) 13. Draw a longitudinal section of a flower and label the following parts. (a) Part that produces pollen grain. (b) Part that transfers male gamete to the female gamete. (c) Part that is sticky to trap the pollen grain, (d) Part that develops into a fruit. (e) Part that is female reproductive structure. 14. (a) Listtwo advantages of growing grapes or banana plants through vegetative propagation (b) List the parts of human male reproductive system which contribute fluid to the semen. State two advantages semen offer to the sperms. (c) Whyisit said that sexual reproduction promotes diversity of characters in the offspring?Science Class 10th 12 Heredity Objective Type Questions F (1 Mark each) 1. If pea plants having round green seeds and wrinkled yellow seeds are crossed, wha) phenotypic ratio will be obtained F, progeny plants? (a) 1:2:1 (b) 3:4 (c) 9:3:3:1 (d).9:3:4 2. Section of DNA that provides information for one protein is called (b) chromosome (a) genotype (©) gene 3. Which of the following characteristics of pea was not considered by Mendel for his (d) character experiment? (a) Colour of seed (b) Colour of flower (6) Plant height (d) Shape of leaves 4. in human beings, the sex of child depends on whether the Paternal chromosome is (2) X (for boys) or ¥ (for gitis) (b) X (for girls) or ¥ (for boys) (c) present (d) absent Directions (Q. Nos. 6-6) In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed bya statement of Reason. Mark the correct choice as : (a) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion (b) I both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason ‘is not the ‘correct explanation of Assertion, (c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (d) If Reason is true, but Assertion is false. 5. Assertion Mendel self-crossed F, tall plants with wrinkled seeds to obtain F, generation ReasonF, progeny of atall plant with round seeds and a dwarf plant with wrinkled seeds are all dwarf plants having wrinkled seeds. 6. Assertion The experiences of an individual during its lifetime cannot be passed on to Progeny. Reason Change in non-reproductive tissues cannot'be passed on fo DNA of germ cells 7. Write genotypic and Phenotypic ratio of monohybrid cross. Short Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each! 8. Write down the phenotypic ratio of the F, progeny obtained from the following cross. (a) Tt x Tt (b) RRyy x YY (c) Ifaround, green seeded (RRyy) pea plant is crossed with wrinkled, yellow seeded (YY) pea plant, what will be the genotype of seeds produced in F,- generation? 9. How do traits get expressed? Discuss briefly 10. Graphically represent independent inheritance of two separate traits of pea. 11. Differentiate between cross fertilisation and selt-fertiisationqualifying Round 3 Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks each) 12. Ovum and sperm are both female and male gametes, respectively. But, what is so intricate in sperm which makes it solely responsible for determining the sex of the child? Explain. 13. Define the following terms. (a) Traits (b) Homozygous (c) Heterozygous (d) Allele (e) Gene Light-Reflection and Refraction objective Type Questions (1 Mark each) 1. The refractive index of denser medium with respect to rarer medium is 5 then the refractive index of rarer medium with respect to denser medium will be 5 5 @7 (b) “> 2 4 Og 5 2. when an object is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens between first focus and optical centre, then position of image will be (a) on same side of the lens as the object between first focus and optical centre (b) on same side of the lens as the object and away from the first focus (c) on opposite side of the lens as the object between second focus and optical centre (d) on opposite side of the lens as the object and away from the second focus 3. Which of the following mirrors are used to get powerful parallel! beams of ight in headlights? (a) Plane mirrors (b) Convex mirrors (c) Concave mirrors (d) Both (a) and (c) 4, An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm infront of a concave mirror. It forms a real image three times larger than the object. The distance of image from the mirror is (a) -30cm (b) 30cm (©) 10cm (a) -10em 5. Assertion Convex mirror is preferred for rear view mirror in vehicles. Reason The field view of a convex mirror is lesser than that of concave mirror. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion, (c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (0) If Assertion is false, but Reason is true 6. A ray of light incident on a concave mirror after passing through the centre of curvature is, Tellected back along the same path. What is the angle of incidence?Science Class 10th Short Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each 7, (i)1s it possible that @ convergent lens in one medium becomes divergent, when place, in another medium? (i) Under what conditions there won't be any refraction of light, when it enters ftom one medium to another? e 8. Find the distance at which an object shouldbe placed infront ofa convexlens cf focal eng 10 cm to obtain an image of double its size. 9. (i) Whatis the value of magnification when the size of image formed by a concave mitror ig equal to the size of the object? a (i)-An object 2 om high produces a real image 2.5 om high, when placed at a distance o 15 cm from a concave mirror. Find (a) the position of the image, (b) focal length of the concave mirror. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks each) 10. (i) Define the following term related to spherical mirror. (a) Radius of curvature (b) Pole (c) Principal focus (ii) Mention the differences between real image and virtual image. 11. (i) Draw ray diagrams and show the nature of images formed in the following cases, when (a) object is placed between Fand 2F infront of concave lens, (b) object is placed between F and 2F infront of convex lens. (ii) An object 50 cm high is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens. Its 20 cm tall image | is formed on the screen placed at a distance of 10 cm from the lens. Calculate the focel length of the lens. The Human Eye and the Colourful World Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each’ 1. A prism ABC (with BC as base) is placed in different orientations. A narrow beam of = light is incident on the prism as shown in figure. In which of the folowing cases, 2 dispersion, the sixth colours from the top corresponds to the colour of the sur’ : c A ic 8 A “A B 8 C "i eS 1 i 0 w (a) | (b) tl (c) Il (dVqualifying Round 5 2. Atnoon the sun appears wihite as (a) light is least scattered () all the colours of the white light are scattered away (0) blue colour is scattered the most (d) red colour is scattered the most 3. The danger signals installed at the top of tall buildings are red in colour, These can be easily seen from a distance because among all other colour, the red light (2) is scattered the most by smoke or fog (b) is scattered the least by smoke or fog (c) is absorbed the most by smoke or fog (d) moves fastest in air 4, Which of the following statement is correct regarding the propagation of light of different colours of white light in air? (a) Red light moves fastest (b) Blue light moves faster than green light (c) All the colours of the white light move with the same speed (d) Green light moves with the mean speed as that of the orange light and blue light. 5, Assertion The light of violet colour deviates most and the light of red colour the least, while passing through a prism. Reason For a prism material, refractive index is highest for the red light and lowest for the violet light, (a) ifboth Assertion and Reason are true and Reasons the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion (c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false (d) If Assertion is false, but Reason is true. 6. Which phenomenon is responsible for increasing the apparent length of the day by 4 min? Short Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each) 7. A narrow beam PQ of white light is passing through a glass prism ABC\as shown in the diagram p 8 COE Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as observed on the screen DE. (i) Write the name and cause of the phenomenon observed. (ii) Where else in nature is this phenomenon observed? (ii) Based on this observation, state the conclusion which can be drawn about the Constituents of white light.Science Class 10t} 8. Describe the formation of rainbow in the sky with the help of suitable diagrarn, 9. Explain, how scattering of light depends up on particle size? Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks enc 10. (i) An astronaut in space find the sky to be dark, Explain reason for this observation (i (i) Explain, why the planets do not twinkle? (li) During sunrise and sunset, sky appears red while during the day it appears blue. Expiay, i this natural phenomenon. 11, (i) What is meant by scattering of ight? Explain, why the colour of the clear sky is blue? * (i) Whatis atmospheric refraction? Use this phenomenon to explain the twinkling of stars, Electricity Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each) 1. How much work is done in moving a charge of 2 C from a point of 118V to a point of 1281 (a) 20J (b) 300 (c) 40J (d) 104 2, Which ofthe following terms does not represent electric power in a circuit? (PR (b) IR? (c) Vi (@) V?iIR 3. What is the minimum resistance which can be made using five resistors each of 15 (a) 15 (b) 1/259 (©) 1102 (d) 25a 4. When a Conducting wire is stretched to Gouble of its intial length, then which property 0 conducting wire increases? (a) Resistivity (b) Resistance (€) Volume (d) Density 5. Assertion The connecting wites are made of copper. Reason The electiical conductivity of copper is high. (a) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion (b) If both Assertion and Ree SON are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation © Assertion. (C) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false, (d) It Assertion is false, but Reason is true. 6. Nichrome is used to ‘make the element of electric heater, Why? Short Answer Type Questions 7. Aheater collis rated 1 together in parallel to the new combination, (2/3 Marks eac! 100 W, 200 V. Itis cut in two identical Parts and both parts are connecte the same source of 200 V. Calculate the energy liberated per secondqualifying Round 8, Ifa 12V battery is connected to the arrangement of resistances as shown below: 102 202 52 252 i] He) 12Vv Calculate (i) the total effective resistance of the arrangement, (i) the total current flowing in the circuit. g, (i) Acurrent of 0.54 is drawn by a filament of electric bulb for 10 min. Find the am« electric charge that flows through the circuit. (ii) Should the resistance of an ammeter be low or high? Give reason. jount of Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks each) 40. (i) The potential difference between two points in an electric circuitis 1V. What does it mean? Name a device that helps to measure the potential difference across a conductor. (i) Why does the connecting cord of an electric heater does not glow. while the heating element does? (ii) Electrical resistivities of some substances at 20°C are as given below: Silver 1,60x 107% Qm Copper 1.62x 107° Qm Tungsten 5.2x10% Qm, ron 10.0x10% Qm Mercury 94.0x 10° Qm ; Nichrome > 10x10 2m : ‘Answer the following questions using following data. (a) Among silver and copper, which one is a better conductor and why? (b) Which material would you advise to be used in electrical heating devices,and why? 11. Three incandescent bulbs of 100 W each are connected in series in an electric circuit. In another set, three bulbs of the same voltage are connected in parallel to the same source. (i) Will the bulbs in the two circuits glow with the same brightness? Justify your answer. (i) Nowletone bulb in both the circuits get fused. Will the rest of he bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Give reasons. f Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each) 1. Magnetic field due to a current through a straight conductor depends on (@) current (b) distance from the wire (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) cross-sectional area of wire 7_, 18 Science Class 10th 2. Force ona current carrying conductor ina magnetic field depends on (a) direction of the current (b) direction of magnetic field (c) Both (a) and (b) (4) length of the wire 3. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is (a) the process of charging a body (b) the process of generating magnetic field due to current passing through coil (0) the process of producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil (4) the process of rotating a coil of an electric motor 4. Which of the following property of a proton can change while it moves freely in a magnetic field? | (a) Mass (b) Speed | (c) Velocity (d) Momentum, 5. Assertion A current carrying conductor experiences a force in a magnetic field, Reason The force acting on a current carrying conductor ina magnetic field is du to interaction between magnetic field produced by the current carrying conductor and externa) ‘magnetic field in which the conductor is placed, (a) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (d) If Assertion is false, but Reason is true. 6. Identity the region, where the magnetic field around a current carrying solenoid is uniform Short Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each) 7. Why is pure iron not used for making permanent magnets? Describe how permanent magnets are made electrically. State two examples of electrical instruments made by using permanent magnets. 8. The flow of current in a circular wire creates a magnetic field at its centre. How can existence of this field be detected ? State the rule which helps to predict the direction of magnetic field 9. Anhorizontal powerline carries a current from East to West direction. What is the direction o the magnetic field due to the current in the power line at a point above and at a point below’ the power line? Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks each) 10. (i) How does the strength of magnetic field due to current carrying conductor depends upo" the current flowing and distance from the conductor? (li) a-particles are positively charged particles. State whether an a-particle will experience any force ina magnetic field, if (a) tis placed in field at rest. (b) it moves in the magnetic field parallel to field lines. (c)it moves in the magnetic field perpendicular to the field lines. Justify your answer in each case.sualifying Round elp of a labelled diagram, the distribution of magnetic field due to in with the he 11. Explai mes as current-carrying coil that has nturns, such that the field produced at any point is 7 til large as that produced by a single turn. Our Environment dbjective Type Questions (1 Mark each) 1, Which trophic level is occupied by plants in a food chain? (a) First (b) Second. onot (o) Third (A) Fourth 2. Which of the following in an example of human-made ecosystem? (a) Forest (b) Pond (c) Garden (d) Lake 3, Whats the average value for the amount of organic matter that is present at each level of food chain and reaches the next level of consumers? (a) 11% (b) 10% (c) 100% (d) 50% 4, Which of the following groups of organisms belong to category of producers? (a) All green plants, fungi and bacteria (b) All green plants and certain blue-green algae (c) Bacteria, fungi and blue-green algae (d) Certain blue-green algae and fungi Directions (Q. Nos. 5-6) In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given bythe corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as : (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (d) If Assertion is false, but Reason is true. 5. Assertion Food chains generally consists of more than four trophic levels. Reason There Is loss of energy al each trophic level and very little usable energy remains after four trophic levels. 6. Assertion Certain pesticides and other chemicals used to protect our crops from diseases and pests are non-biodegradable. Reason They do not get accumulated at various trophic levels. 7. What is the ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem? 8. What happens when high energy ultraviolet radiations act on the oxygen at the higher level of atmosphere? s hott Answer Type Questions (2/8 Marks each) . Write the major cause of ozone depletion. What steps should be taken to limit the damage to zone layer? 1920 Science Class 104) 10. Suggest one word for each of the following statements/definitions (a) The physical and biological world where we live in (b) Each level of food chain where transfer of enetay takes place. (c) The physical factors lite temperature, rainfall, wind and soil of an ecosystem, 11. How-does study of food chain in an area or habitat help us? Give an example of four step foo, chain operating in a large lake 12. How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Give any two methods, Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks each 13, (a) What is ‘environmental pollution’? (b) Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants. (c) Choose the non-biodegradable pollutants from the list given below Paper, DDT, Radioactive waste, Plastic, Insecticides. 14, (a) What are consumers? What will be the consequence of the ‘absence of prima: consumers in an ecosystem? (b) What will be the direction of energy transfer in each of the following cases? (i) Grasshopper eaten by a frog (ii) Deer feeds on grass (ii) Deer eaten by a lion Management of Natural Resources Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each 1. Kulhs are water harvesting structures of (a) Jammu region (b) Rajasthan (c) Kerala (a) Himachal Pradesh 2. The main cause for abundant coliform bacteria in the river Ganga is (a) discharge of effluents from motor vehicle industries (b) washing dirty clothes with detergents (c) disposal of unburnt corpses into water (d) immersion of ashes into water 3. Arabari forests of Bengal is dominated by (a) mangroove (b) bamboo (c) teak (d) sal Ibis important to make small check dams across the flooded gullies because they (2) hold water for irrigation (b) hold water and prevent soil erosion (C) hold water permanently (d) contaminate drinking water by animal excreta 4.qualifying Round 2 Directions (Q. Nos. 5-6) in each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer aS (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion, (0) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (d) If Assertion is false, but Reason is true. 5. Assertion We need to use our resources carefully. Reason These resources are not unlimited and are exploited rapidly. 6. Assertion Large dams ensure storage of adequate water and also generate electricity, but still get criticism, Reason Criticism about large dams address economic, environment and social problems. 7. During the recycling process of waste articles, what will be the starting step? 8. What is the name given to the main programme for the replenishment of forest? Short Answer Type Questions (2/3 Marks each) 9, (a) Which is the most rapidly dwindling natural resource in the world? (b) State the meaning of sustainable management or development. 10. Forest resources ought to be used judiciously. Give reason, TI. Define the following terms, (a) Dams (b) Reuse (c) Natural resources 12, Write a short note on the water harvesting structures used in largely level terrains. long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks each) 13, Give the answers. (a) Name the 3 F's that will help us to conserve natural resources for the long term use. (b) Recycling of articles results in wastage of energy and money therefore, one should Practice reuse. Justify. (C) Write two advantages of dams. 4. What direct values does a forest have for man?SAMPLE Juestion Paper | Fully Solved (Question-Answer) SCIENCE AHighly Simulated Practice Questions Paper for CBSE Class X Examination Time : 3 hrs Max. Marks : 80 Instructions (i) The question paper comprises four Sections A, B, C and D. There are 36 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory. Section A Qns. 1 to 20 all questions and parts there of are of one mark each. These questions contain multiple choice questions (MCQs), very short answer questions and assertion-reason type questions. Answers to these should be given in one word or one sentence. Section B Qns. 21 to 26 are short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the range of 30 to 50 words, Section C Qns. 27 to 33 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words. Section D Qns. 34 to 36 are long answer type question carrying 5 marks each. Answer to these questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words. ‘There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions Wherever necessary, neat and properly labelled diagrams should be drawn. Gi) ii) (wy) w) wi) (wii) SectionA 1. The flow of energy is unidirectional. On the basis of the statement given, what information is obtained from the energy flow diagrams? ‘The amount of energy being transferred from the lower trophic level to the higher one, is about 10%. This energy is not Ans. reverted back to its source or to the previous trophic level a Leaf _]10% eneray, [Caterpillar] 10% energy, Bird 10% eneray, Snake (@roduced)| ransfered’ | primary consumer] vansfered” (secondary consumer) transferred” (tertiary consumer) 2. What is the power of a lamp, if it is connected to a 12 V battery and draws a current of 0.5 A? Or How much energy does a 100 W bulb transfer in 1 min? ns. Given, V =12 Vand /=0.5A As power, P =Vx/=12x0.5=6W aGeet te te neeiente 26 Science Class 10th Stage | Given, P =100 Wand f =1min = 60s = 100 x60 = 6000 ty 3. Consider three elements A, Band C which belong to the second period of the period table. The element B is more metallic than C. The elements A and C respectively lo, and gain one electron each to complete their octets. Examine the given information and arrange the elements in increasing order of atomic numbers. Ans. According tothe given information, Aand Ci in groups 1 and 17 respectively and les in between them ‘Therefore, the correct order of increasing atomic numbers is A Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy The first step is the breakdown of glucose, i.e. a 6 carbon molecule into a 3 carbon molecule called pyruvate (or pyruvic acid). This process of conversion of glucose to Pyruvate, i.e. glycolysis takes place inside the cytoplasm of the cell. After this, the ohenctsion of pyruvate into another substances depends on the presence or absence of oxygen, Respiration can be classified into two categories; Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration 7. (i) Lactic acid is produced when muscle contracts Frog muscle can contract in the absence of oxygen and lactic acid accumulates until fatigue sets in. On return to aerobic conditions, the muscle can contract again and the lactic acid is metabolised. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these observations? (@) Lactic acid is produced only in anaerobic conditions, (b) In anaerobic conditions, lactic acid is produced faster than it can be removed, (©) In aerobic conditions the muscle will not fatigue. In Gi (@) Formation of lactic acid is oxygen-dependent, ° ') Which graph represents the relationship between the relative energy intake of a P3ecy and temperature over a range of environment temperatures from or to +38? 29Science Class 10th Stage > BR R : @ 32 & 38 ee es aT —— Temperature ‘Temperature 8 # NK eR ay 8B © ee (d) z 8 es ge STR ep ‘Temperature ‘Temperature 17. (iii) Which of the following releases most energy during respiration? (a) conservation of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide (b) oxidation of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water (c) oxidation of those phosphate to pyruvate (d) phosphorylation of glucose 17. (iv) After vigorous exercise, changes occur in the muscle tissue. Compared with ‘at res conditions what will the changes be? Glycogen ATP Lactate pH (a) decreased decreased increased _decreased (b) decreased - increased increased _ increased (©) increased: increased increased __increased (@) increased decreased decreased —_increased 17. (v) Which statement about anaerobic respiration is correct? (a) Animals are unable to use lactate for the production of ATP. (b) From one molecule of glucose, ethanol and lactate production yield the same amounts of ATP. (©) From one molecule of glucose, ethanol production yield more energy than lactat production. (d) Yeast is able to respire ethanol for the production of ATP. 17. () (b) Lactic acid is produced anaerobic respiration, resulting in the production of 2 molecule of ATP. T? lactic acid is metabolised as soon as oxygen is available agi 2 17. (i) (6) Atlower temperature, theirs need for higher relative energy intake in order to cary on eteb Process and to generate heat in his body for enzyme activity. Relative energy decreases 2S temperature increases, . i 17, (i) (b) The most energy is released at the Krebs cycle, where about 30 molecule of ATP are produce F the mitochondria, 17 AF (™) (@) During vigrous exercise, the glycogen store in the muscle will be used to produce mare a depleting the store of energy in the muscle. Lactate in muscle wil increase because some a-2°"°" respiration wil occur, resuting in a decreased pH because ofthe presence offactic ac; 17. (v) (b) The only ATP produced is through glycolysis, this ethanol and lactate production during ane*" ff respiration yields the same 2ATP molecules,yee Question Paper! 31 18, (ii) Which solution will turn Phenolphthalein from colourless to pink? (a) Solution A (b) Solution B (©) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 18. iii) Which of the following substances would have pH less than 7? (a) Antacid (b) Soap (c) Vinegar (d) Water 18, (iv) What happens when dilute h (a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced () Chlorine gas and hydrogen gas evolved (6) Iron salt and water produced (d) No reaction takes place 18. (v) From this reaction, 4Na\ drochloric acid is added to iron filling? (s) + O2(¢) —s 2Na. 203), choose the correct match : ee (0; @ _ Oxidisea a (8) _Na ()_ Reduced (i) Both ———__®_sre (a) A+), B(ii) (b) A“Gi), Bi) (©) A-Gii), BW), (@) A-Gi), BG) Ans. '8. ()(@) Higher the concentration of H* ions, greater isthe acidic nature of the solution because H* ions comes from acid. a) a) '8.( (a) When cliute hydrochloric acid is added to iran fling then hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced, \ LU ou SHC cid woefEng ——?, 2FeCls + 3H, Hyereehce acd" roiing yonchte “Hy den o 8 ©) () (()0,-Reduced (®) Na-Oxidised Because, Na combines with 0. to form NaO.O» is reduced because it is Converted intoNasO. (1) 19, Read the following and answer any four questions from 19 (i) to 19 (v), Iwan experiment, a student designed a circuit in order to verify Ohm’s law. He used the components like ammeter, voltmeter, resistance (wire) and plug key in designing the circuit. He observed that the current was varying with respect to potentialScience Class 10th Stage; difference across the circuit, He recorded various readings of current correspondiny, to different values of potential difference as shown in the following table. S.No. Potential difference (inv) Current (mA) © 1 03 30 2 06 60 ee 3 "09 90) aan etter ee mihe se 19. (i The graph between current (/),and potential difference (V) in-the experimen verification of Ohm’s law should be of the type : ij T ' 1 rs = © (d) — v= 19. (ii) In the graph shown, the resistance of the conductor will be t (mA) £0: i 60 3 03 06 08 V (ot) —> (a) 1000 (b) 102 (c) 1002 (d)19 19, (ii) Four students set up the circuit for the experiment of Ohm's law as shown, ii} +i\F © ° 0 @ @ § . R w @ yn ™; 33 Paper! connie Question ‘The correct circuit is @t ) 0 (ml @iv 19, Gv) A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity p = L6 x 10 * Q-m, What will be the length of its wire to make its resistance 100? (@) 120m (b) 123m (€) 150m (@) 160 m (v) Ifthe diameter of the wire used in the experiment is doubled, then 1. (a) the resistance will remain unchanged (b) the resistance will become four times of its original value (c) the resistance will become one-fourth of its original value (d) None of the above Ans. 19. () (0) According to Ohm's law, the potential difference across any conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, ie., Val Hence, on increasing the potential difference, current will also increase and vice-versa. = The graph of / versus V is a linear graph, ie, a straight line graph passing through origin. (1) 19. (i) (0) From Ohm's law, Val = V=R Here, R= resistance of the conductor. Loe From graph, when V = 03V, | =30mA=30 x10 pee aa we ecole 30x10 ~ 30 a 18. i) (b) In the circuit, ammeter should always be connected in series and voltmeter should always be connected in parallel combination. Hence, the correct circuit set-up is shown below il-——_o— e R ‘O qa = 28 ~ 925 mm=025 x10 m Diameter 19.(W) (b) Given, radius of wire, r = p=16x10%0-m and R=109 As, fesistance, A= = A> wr? 2 -3) wy = Rit? 10314 x(025%10? _ 99.65 = 129m ° 16x10 a 1 ‘Area of cross-section pa (diameter? Hence, it diameter is doubled, then the resistance would become one-fourth of its originel value. (1) © (As, resistance a. > RaScience Class 10th Stage ! 20. Read the following and answer any four questions from 20(i) and 20(v). Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisy, transform light energy into chemical energy. t During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to conve, water, carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and energy rich organic compoun - 20. (i) The diagram shows a photosynthesis investigation. The plant has leaves that a green in the middle and white round the edges. re Q Leaf in normal ai in ight Clear plastic bag ‘conlaining @ ‘substance thal absorbs CO, s Which two leaf areas last only one factor needed for photosynthesis? (a) PandQ (b) QandS (©) PandR (@) Rand S 20, (ii) The graph show how the amount of carbon dioxide taken in by a plant varies throue a 24 hour period. Amount of Carbon dioxide (g/h) De Sora sews s 6 BR am Noon = pm_—_ Mihight Time ‘At what time the rate of photosynthesis is greatest? (a) 12 noon (b) 10am (©) 6am (@) 4pm 20. (il) Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? $8 g : i 5 Temperature 0) Temperature (C)une Question Paper | © Rate of Photosynthesis, = Rate of Photasynthesis 30 Temperature (°C) 50? ‘Tempetature (°C) 0. (iv) Which one of the following is a correct outline of the main events in photosynth ae (a) Oxygen reacts with a carbohydrate to produce water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light, (b) Light joins carbon dioxide to an acceptor compound which is then reduced by hydrogen obtained from water. (c) Light splits water and the resulting hydroxyl group combines with a compound which has incorporated carbon dioxide. (d) Carbon dioxide combine with an acceptor compound and this is reduced by hydrogen split from water by light. 20. (v) The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplast as seen in section. What are “~~ the function of PQ and R? P s (a) Carbohydrate storage Carbohydrate synthesis Light absorption (©) Carbohydrate synthesis Carbohydrate storage Light absorption (©) Carbohydrate synthesis Light absorption Carbohydrate storage (d) Light absorption Carbohydrate storage Carbohydrate synthesis Ans, 2. () (©) Region has no chlorophyll and region lack CO, 2 il (a) The rate of photosynthesis was that time. q@ Greatest at 12 noon as the amount of CO, taken in was greatest at Q 2 (#) (@) Increasing the temperature up to optimum temperature of 40°C increase the rate of Photosynthesis. Futter increase in temperature cause photosynthesis to slow down and eventually stops as enzyme that catalyst dark stage of photosynthesis get denatured. q) 2-1 (@) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants manuiacture food, This Gecur when CO. combine with RUBP to form the product of photosynthesis aw 20. (¥) (b) The photosynthesising cell will have @ high concentration of the CO; acceptor, RUBP and a high ATP concentration and low amount of PGA, which isthe fist product of PGA. (a Section B ine the decomposition reaction and give an example of it. malin in which a single reactant breaks down to form two or more products, Position reaction 2. Defi ANS, is known as (Q) eg, Sete oa CaQ(s) + CO, (g) Calcium "Carton Carbonate onde.” gouge a) =6 Science Class 10th Stage , 22. What is the role of acid in our stomach? ‘Ans. HCI (Hydrochloric aca) isthe acid secreted inside the stomach. Itis important for the body because () Itmakes medium inside the stomach acici, which is necessary for the activation of enzyme cates pepsin. oy (i) It also kill any bacteria, entering the stomach along with food. if 23. (i) Draw the electron dot structure of propane. (ii) Write the general formula for alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Or (i) Give a test to distinguish butter and cooking oil. (ii) Define unsaturated hydrocarbons. : Ans, (0 Propane (C3Hs) Electron dot structure of propane 0 (i) General formula for hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon General formula ‘Akane Cin ‘Aken CyHoy Ayre CoHan-2 ‘Where, n is number of carbon atoms. : ul or () Butter contains saturated compound, while Cooking oil contains unsaturated compounds. Sine unsaturated compounds are oxidised by alkdline)KMnO, with disappearance of its pink colou Therefore, when cooking oil is treated with a few drops of alkaline KMnO,, pink colour of KMn0. disappears. With butter, however, the pink colour of KMnO, does not disappear. (i (i) The hydrocarbons in which atleast one multiple bond (Ike-double or tiple bond) is present along single bonds are called unsaturated compounds. All akene and alkynes are unsatul hydrocarbons, 0 24. How does a solenoid behave like a magnet? Explain this with the help of a diagram. ‘Ans. A solenoid is a long coil of circular loops of insulated copper wire. Magnetic field lines are produce ‘around the solenoid when a currents allowed to flow through it. The field ines produced by it are simi! the field lines produced by a bar magnet, which can be seen in the figure given below Cae Field lines produced Field lines produced by @ current carrying solenoid by a bar magnet> - Question Paper 1 37 sal Explain Mendels monohybrid cross he carried out, (Back Fur) (Brown Fur) AMIS. Bb Bb '®:@'@ es © B b BB 8b (Pure black) | Hybrid black) (Hybrid black) | (Pure black) Phenotype 3: 1 Black Brown, Genotype 1 ad Pure Hybrid — Pure brown, black black (2) Or tense ors einated a pure tall pea plant (110-120 cm) height and a pure dwar! pea plant (only 22 to ‘om height). He called then parental generation, expressed as symbol B. Female pea plant X Male pea plant (pure tal) (pure dwarf) All tal plant [Seting Phenotype (3:1) Tall Tall > Tall Genotype T oT Tt u (12:1) S0.inthe monohybrid cross the phenotypic ratio is 3:1 and Genotypic ratio is 1 : 2 2 %6. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V electric supply line are rated at 30W. How many lamps are connected in parallel with each other across two wires of 20V line, if the maximum allowable current is SA? ‘S. Gren, potential ditterence, V = 220 Power, P. 10W Curent, 1 = A 2 x ~ Resistance of bulb, A s Bue = 48409 Sree, bulbs are connected in Parallel, fn " 1840 Equivalent resi = Wncvidual resistance (R") _, p_ 4840, oS Nbr of Babs 7 iu From Ohm's aw, V = 1A “8 v Rav 1 S0.fom Eqs, () and (i), we have 4840 _y 4840 _ 220 _ = 110 bulbs Oe a6 (2)Science Class 10th Stage, Section C 27. Study the diagram given alongside and then answer the question that follows {Ciueagon} (ike insulin} () Name the cells ofthe pancreas that produce and state their function. (a) Glucagon (b) Insulin (ii) Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland? (iii) Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body? ‘Ans. () Cel ofthe pancreas that produces glucagon are alpha cells and insulin are beta cals ay {i) Glucagon It helps to convert glycogen to glucose when blood glucose level als. Insulin It helps to convert excess amount of glucose to glycogen when there is high level of glucose in blood. ( {i Insulin cannot be given orally because itis @ protein by composition. Thus, twill be broken down nt: ‘stomach before it can absorbed. Hence, itis injected into the body. ) 28. Aconvergent lens of power 5D is combined with a divergent lens of power —4D. Then, find the focal length and power of combination of both lenses. Or ‘Aconcave mirror forms a real image of an object at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror, when it is kept at a distance of 50 cm from the mirror. Then, find the magnification of mirror. Ans. Given, P; 80=h= am =" em=200n I Fbe the focal length of combination of both lenses, then Heid det oa) 100 A F100 F =100 cm Power of combination of both lenses, oA 100 “Fin metre) F(em) 100 700 P=1D Alternate solution Given, power of convergent lens, P; = 5D Power of divergent lens, Py = -4D Power of combination of both lenses, =P\+P,=5D-4D=1D -» Focal length of combination of both lenses, F Given, 50.cm, v = -30.emPo Question Paper! anne gro ior formula, 1875 1875 ‘Alternate solution Gen, distance of objec from miror, u = ~60 em pjstance of image from mirror, v = ~80 cm "tinear magnification produced by concave mirror, Ye AO) y 9g u -50 29, Why force? ‘Ans, The di ‘When experiences a mag ‘The direction of magnetic force depends on (0 the direction of current flowing through the conductor and {i the direction of magnetic field iting of free electrons of a conductor in a definite direction causes the ‘such a conductor is placed in a uniform magnetic field, each drifted electron ‘ofa con netic force. This force is collectively experienced by the conductor as a whole. Hene cunent carrying conductor Kept in a magnetic field experiences a force. 39 (2) (a (For real image by concave mirror) (3) -and when does a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field experience List the factors on which direction of this force depends. currant to flow through It. ductor 2,8 (2) () 30. Differentiate. between self-pollination and cross-pollination, describe double fertilisation in plants. Ans. Self-pollination (7 Set-polination occur within a:flower or between two flowers of the same plant. () Flowers do not depend on other agencies for pplination, {iy Pollen grains are produced in small numbers. (w) No wastage of pollen grain occur and thus, Cross-pollination Cross-polination occurs between two’ flowers borne on aifferent plants of the same species. ‘Agents such as insects, water and wind are required for pollination Pollen grains aré produced in large numbers. Wasiage of pollan grain ogcur and hence, not economical. economical, © 7 Flowers are not atiactive nor do they produce Flowers altract insect by various means like water “)eoloured petals, scent and nectar. (1) The offspring produced are of the same genetic make up, So purity of the race lis maintained. Outing fertilisation in plants, the following events take place () One of the male gamete fuses with the female gamete present in the embryo sac, (@ The other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei in the embryo sac. The frst fusion product gives rise to the zygote, while t ‘The process of two fusions occurring in the embryo sat The offspring produced may show variations and different in genetic make Up. A the second one forms the endosperm. .¢ Called double fertilisation, (3)oe Science Class 10th Stage ; 31. Compound ‘x’ is obtained by passing gas ‘Y’ through dry slaked lime. On exposure i, air, it produces a strong smell of gas ‘Y’ and also forms calcium carbonate. Iden ify x and Y. ANS. Bleaching powder is manufactured by the action of chlorine on dry staked lime [Ca(OH]. The reaction i, given below Ca(OH), + Cl, = —+ CaOCl,(s)+ HO Saved ime Chonine gas Beaching ‘ayy a) ower MI (0%) Bleaching powder, on exposure to air, reacts with CO, to produce CaCO, and Cl, gas, thereby producing a strong smell of chlorine. Ca0CI,{s) + COa(g) + CaCOy(s)+ Cifa) Thus, X's bleaching powder and ¥ is chiorine gas. (1%) 32. A compound has the formula H>¥ (Y=non-metal). State the following: (i) The expected outer electronic configuration of ¥. (ii) The valency of ¥. (iii) The bonding present in H2Y. Ans. For compound HY. Valency of Y is 2(8 - 6 =2). () Itis a non-metal which shows that it belongs to oxygen family, have 6 electrons inits valence shel kK, ‘Thus, the expected outer electronic configuration of ¥ is 0 (i) Valenoy of ¥is 2. (0 {li) As bond formation is through sharing of electrons. These shared electrons belong to the outermost shells of both the atoms and in this way, both atoms attain the noble gas configuration. This type o! bonding is called covalent bonding 0 33. (i) Mention the process by which water enters into root hair cells, (ii) Explain plasmolysis. Give one application of this phenomenon in our dally life Ans. (i) Osmosis is the process ‘by which water enter into root hair cell. |tis define as the movement of water molecules from its region of higher concentration to its region lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. (ui) (ii) Plasmolysis—The phenomenon of shrinkage of protoplasm from the cell when cell is kept " hypertonic solution. Application—Adition of salt to pickles to present fungal/bacterial growth. a) Section D noes ( 34. Number of vultures are decreasing remarkably now-a-days, which is a matter o! concern. Answer the following questions related to the above given statement. (i) Vultures belong to which category of animals? (ii) What is their role in nature to maintain ecological balance? (iii) At which trophic level will you place vultures, in a food chain? ' : a ere (iv) How much energy is passed on at each trophic level in a food chain? Give the e™ flow diagram of an ecosystem. (v) Mention one of the main cause for this decline in the number of vultures.Pe ure Question Paper | Or ‘ozone at higher levels of the atmosphere is a product of UV radiation acting on oxygen molecules. However, same UV radiation is responsible for ozone layer depletion when CFCs act on it.’ Comment, , (9 Vultures are scavengers, which feed on dead and decaying matier, ay 4 They help in maintaining ecological balance by recycling nutrients and clean the nature by eating a animals. (i) Vutures are always placed at the highest trophic level in a food chain, ‘e,, they are tertiary consumers. (1) {w) 10% of the total energy is passed on at each trophic level, Rest of the ‘energy is either lost as heat to the environment or it goes into various metabolic processes, [Top camivares] Camnivores Herbivares i Producers ‘Sunlight Flow of energy in an ecosystem (The accumulation of a non- biodegradable com of the bird eggs. This kills the unhatched - ey Pound (diclofenac) leads to the thinning of egg shells young ones and is responsible for decline the number of vultures a) Or Ozone (O)is @ poisonous gas formed of three atoms of oxygen. Its formed at the higher levels of the aimosphere. ‘ Q) The high energy UV radiations split some molecules of oxygen (O)into free ‘oxygen atoms. These atoms Sere eactve anc combine withthe molecular oxygen present in the almosphere to forh ozone. The chemical reaction is given below : oi 110 [0l+0,—> 0, ozore Put 19 environmental pollution, the ozone layer has been steady depleting since the 1980s. CFCs (Ctlootuorocarbons) used in retigerators and in fe extinguishers are primariy responsible for ozone layer depletion, (2) CFCs are very stable and hence can persist in the atmosphere. They do not degrade easily and rise up in the atmosphere, t In the atmosphere, UV radiations breakdown CFC molectlés and release chlorine atoms. These tree Hy this means light would travel from denser to rarer medium. Thus, it will bend away from ‘normal (NN") as shown in the figure below a)SAMPLE /&Juestion Paper 2 Fully Solved (Question-Answer) SCIENCE Ahighly Simulated Practice Questions Paper for CBSE Class X Examination Time: 3 hrs Max. Marks ay Instructions The question paper comprises four Sections A, B, C and D. There are 36 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory. Gi) Section A Qns. 1 to 20 all questions and parts there of are of one mark each. These questions contain multiple choice questions (MCQs), very short answer questions and assertion-reason type ‘questions. Answers to these should be given in one word or one sentence. Section B Qns. 21 to 26 are short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each, Answers to these questions should in the range of 30 to 50 words. Section C Qns. 27 to 33 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each, Answers to these questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words. Section D Qns. 34 to 36 are long answer type question carrying 5 marks each, Answer to these questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions Wherever necessary, neat and properly labelled diagrams should be drawn. ii) Gv) w) wi) (vii) SectionA 1. Explain emulsification. | Or Which part of alimentary canal receives bile from the liver? eb) ‘Ans. The bile salts present in the ble juice breakdown fats into small globules by a process called emulsification, thee’! increasing the efficiency of the action of the pancreatic enzymes for breaking down emulsified fats. ( Or « ‘Small intestine receives bile from the liver for breakdown of fats present in food. 2. Where is the magnetism of a bar magnet maximum and minimum? ‘Ans. The magnetism of a bar magnet is maximum near the poles and minimum at the centre of magnetSee al aw Question Paper 2 45 ‘an element ‘Z' belongs to 3rd period and group 17 of the periodic table, What is its * valency and justify your answer. WSs. ‘Aselement Z belongs to group 17, jt will have 7 electrons in its outermost shell. Moreover, Z belongs to Ans: period number 3, so it will have 3 shells, thus electronic configuration of Z =2, 8,7. valency of element Z = 8 - Number of valence electrons (For elements of group 15,16,17). =8-7 a) 4, Why are the danger signals installed at the top of tall buildings red in colour? x, The danger signals installed at the top of tall buildings are red in colour because among all other colours, red colour is scattered the least by smoke or fog. This is primarily because wavelength of red colour is the laxgest. Thus, it can be easily seen from a distance, (a) 5, The following figure shows a ray of light travelling from medium A to medium B. Determine the refractive index of the medium B relative to medium A. Medium 8 30" | Medium A Or The speed of light in a transparent medium is 0.6 times that of its speed in vacuum. What is the refractive index of the medium? Ans. Given, angle of incidence, i = 60° Angle of refraction, r = 45° Refractive index of the medium B relative to medium A a As, reactive index (n) = $2229 of lightin vacuum (c) speed of light in medium (v) 166 Q) 6. Quick lime reacts with water, what will it give? ; : Or 'n the given reaction, NaxC0O, + x HCL—s 2NaCl +CO3 + H30, what is the value of 22 * Quick ie reacts with H.O to give calcium hydroxide as follows CaQ{s) + HOY) —> Ca(OH)2(aq). (ui time Calcium hydroxide aaa '™ Science Class 10th Stag, ey or The balanced chemical equation is given as NaC, + 2HCI—+ 2NaCl+ CO2+ HO ‘Thus, xis 2. ij 7. A reactive metal (M) is treated with H2S0,(dil.). Which gas is evolved ang collected over the water as shown in the figure? 5 ‘Ans, When any reactive metal (Mf) reacts withthe acid HSO g (dl) it evolves hydrogen gas (H.). tis lighter ten air. M(G)+H,S0q (di) —> M-sulphate + H2(g) 0 8. Why is the strength of magnetic field inside a long current carrying straight solenoid same at all points? Ants, The strenath of magnetic field lines inside a long current carrying straight solenoid is same at all points because the magnetic field lines are straight, equi-spaced and parallel to the axis of solenoid and hence, Uniform magnetic field exist inside the solenoid, () 9. Define a universal indicator. ANS. Universal indicator is a solution of many indicators, which shows different colour changes for solutions with different pH values a) 10. Name any one salt whose solution has pH more than 7 and one salt whose solution has pH less than 7. Ans. Sodium carbonate (Na CO) olution has a pH more than 7 and ammonium chloride (NH,Ci) has a pH less than 7 0) 11. Why adrenaline is known as emergency hormone? Or Why is car parked in the Sun with windows closed found to be hotter inside than outside? Ans. Adrenaline is the hormone secreted all the time of emergency or stress and regulates heartbeat and ‘oxygen level in the body in these condition thus, also known as emergency hormone. a Or Glass traps heat inside the car due to greenhouse effect. That's why it is hotter inside the car with closed window than outside. a 12. A given length of a wire is doubled on itself and this process is repeated once agai By what factor does the resistance of the wire change? Or v There are two electric bulbs (i) marked 60 W, 220 V and (ii) marked 100 W, 220 Which one of the two has a higher resistance?Question Paper 2 gure Leng becomes one-fourth o he original length and area of cross-section becomes four times that ofthe cvignal, i. A Ans. f& R o or _The bulb with less power will have higher resistance. Hence, 60 W bulb will have higher resistance. Q 13, Write down the difference between the following pair as indicated within the bracket. Monohybrid and dihybrid cross (phenotypic ratio). |4ns. Phenotypic ratio in F,-generation of monohybrid cross is 3 : 4 ‘While, phenotypic ratio in F,-generation of dihybrid cross is 9:33: 1 Q Assertion-Reason Type Questions (Q. Nos. 14-16) Ix each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given by the corresponding sutement of Reason. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the'correct explanation of Assertion, (0) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (d) IfAssertion is false, but Reason is true. 4. Assertion Maximum concentration of harmful chemicals and pesticides like DDT get accumulated in the human body. Reason Human beings occupy the top most place in any food chain. +. (@) Mamum concentration of harmful chemicals and pesticides like DDT get accumulated in the human ody because human beings omnivorous occupy the top most position in a number of food chains. These harmful chemicals are non-biodegradable and thus, they get accumulated in organisms body and their Concentration goes on increasing with increasing trophic level. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true 410 Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Q 5 f * Assertion When focal length of a lens increases, then its power decreases, Reason Power of a lens is inversely proportional to focal length of lens. 1 fin metre) Thus, when focal length of alens increases, then its power decreases. Hence, the option (a) is correct. Q) §@) Power P of a lens is equal to reciprocal of the focal length f, i.e., P= 47ey a, Science Class 10th Stage 1 16. Assertion Carbon and its compounds used as fuel for most applications. Reason On combustion of carbon, a large amount of heat and light released. or Assertion Generally, the candle flame is yellow. Reason Candle flame is yellow due to presence of unburnt carbon particles. ‘ANS. (a) Carbon bums in oxygen (ait) to form carbon dioxide and water. During reaction, a large amount of hey and light released. Hence, they used as fuels. Carbon and its compounds keep burning without the requirement of addition, energy. C-+02 —+ CO, + heat + light ty Hence, option (a) is correct. Or (@) Candle flame is generally yellow due to the 2resence of unburnt carbon particles when light fll on the these particles, they scatter yellow colour. This show, the combustion of hydrocarbons in wax (candle) not complete. i) Answer Q. Nos. 17-20 Contain five sub-parts each. You are expected to answer any four sub parts in these questions. 17. Read the following and answer any four questions from 17 (i) to 17 (v). A few biodegradable and non-biodeg-adable substances are given below : t W ti v v. vt vw Plastic bag Paper cups Hedge trimmings Aluminium {oll Giass plates Vegetable peels 17. (@ Biodegradable wastes usually do not pollute the environment. They are considered « threat only when (a) they are present in small amounts (b) their amount is large (©) they cannot be degraded in nature at right time (d) Both (b) and (c) 17. (ii) Which graph shows the most likely effect of pollution by sewage on the amount of oxygen dissolved in a river? Dissolved DissoNed| —_/ | nee ovygen oxygen (@) (b) T Distance Tt Datance = ae stance saan jownstream bain downstream Dissolved oxygen Dissolved o ‘oxygen @ T Distance ‘Sewage downstream —TDistance ‘ouifall Sewage downstream outta