ਸਾਇੰ ਸ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨਾਵਲੀ

ਭਾਗ-1
pRSn 1. ic`qr iv`c drswey 𝒑𝑯 pypr ‘qy inMbU dy rs dw 𝒑𝑯 = 𝟐. 𝟐
Aqy imlk AwP mYgnISIAw dw 𝒑𝑯 = 𝟏𝟎 hY[ ies qoN kI Bwv hY?
a`uqr- 𝑝𝐻 dw mwn 7 qoN G`t hovy qW Gol qyzwbI huMdw hY Aqy 7 qoN
v`D hox ‘qy KwrI huMdw hY[ ies leI inMbU dw rs ie`k SkqISwlI
qyzwb hY Aqy imlk AwP mYgnISIAw ie`k SkqISwlI Kwr hY[
pRSn 2. ip`ql Aqy qWby dy brqnW iv`c dhIN Aqy K`tIAW vsqW ikauN
nhIN r`KxIAW cwhIdIAW?
au) -dhIN Aqy K`tIAW vsqW iv`c qyzwb huMdw hY, jo ik ip`ql Aqy
qWby nwl ikirAw krky zihrIly pdwrQ bxwauNdw hY[
pRSn 3. kSIdq pwxI ikauN ibjlI cwlk nhIN, jdoN ik mINh dw
pwxI huMdw hY?
au`qr-kSIdq pwxI iv`c Guly hoey lUx jW gYsW Awid nhIN huMdIAW,
ijs kwrn ies pwxI iv`c Awien nhIN huMdy jo ik ibjlI cwln dw
kwrn huMdy hn[ iehI kwrn hY ik ieh ibjlI cwlk nhIN hY[ mINh
dy pwxI iv`c kuJ qyzwb GuilAw huMdw hY[ ies leI iv`c 𝐻 + Awien
Aqy hor Awien huMdy hn, ijs dy kwrn ieh ibjlI dw cwlk hY[
pRSn 4. k`pVy Dox vwly sofy dy do aupXog ilKo[
au`qr- 1. ieh GrW iv`c k`pVy Dox leI vriqAw jWdw hY[
2. ies dw pRXog kwgj audXog, swbn audXog Aqy k`c audXog iv`c
huMdw hY[
pRSn 5. KuSk 𝑯𝑪𝒍 gYs KuSk iltms pypr dy rMg nUM ikauN nhIN
bdldI?
au`qr- KuSk 𝐻𝐶𝑙 gYs KuSk iltms pypr dy rMg nMU ies leI nhIN
bdldI ikauNik aus iv`c 𝐻 + Awien mOjUd nhIN huMdy[
pRSn 6. plwstr Aw& pYirs nUM nmIroDk brqn iv`c r`Kxw cwhIdw
hY, ikauN?
au`qr- plwstr Aw& pYirs ie`k slPyt cUrn hY jo pwxI imlwaux
‘qy vwps ijpsm bx ky kTor Tos pdwrQ pRdwn krdw hY[
1 1
𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂4 𝐻2 𝑂 + 1 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂4 2𝐻2 𝑂
2 2
plwstr Aw& pYirs ijpsm
ies pRiqikirAw nUM rokx leI plwstr Aw& pYirs nUM nmIroDk
brqn iv`c r`Kxw cwhIdw hY[
pRSn 7. kwrbn dy auh do gux ikhVy hn, ijnHW kwrn swfy cwr-
cuPyry kwrbn XoigkW dI v`fI sMiKAw ivKweI idMdI hY?
au`qr- cwr sMXojkqw lVI bMDn Aqy SwKwvW kwrbn dy do gux hn,
ijnHW kwrn kwrbn XoigkW dI v`fI sMiKAw idKweI idMdI hY[
pRSn 8. AwksIkwrk kI huMdy hn?
au`qr- auh pdwrQ jo AwrMiBk pdwrQ iv`c AwksIjn joVdy hn,
aunHW nUM AwksIkwrk ikhw jWdw hY[
pRSn 9. kI qusIN mYl-invwrk dw aupXpog krky d`s skdy ho ik
pwxI kTor hY jW nhIN hY?
au`qr- mYl-invwrk dI vrqoN krky AsIN ieh nhIN d`s skdy ik
pwxI dw koeI nmUnw kTor hY jW nhIN ikauNik mYl -invwrk (iftrjYNt)
kTor pwxI nwl vI AwswnI nwl J`g bxwauNdw hY Aqy qlC`t nhIN
bxwauNdw[
pRSn 10. smjwqI lVI kI huMdI hY? audwhrn dy ky smJwau[
ayu`qr- XoigkW dI AijhI lVI, ijs iv`c kwrbn lVI iv`c siQq
hweIfrojn nUM ie`k hI pRkwr dw ikirAwqmk smU h ivsQwipq krdw
hY[ aus nUM smjwqI lVI kihMdy hn[
pRSn 11. AStk inXm dI pirBwSw idau[ jW
q`qW dy vrgIkrn leI inaUlYNf dw AStk dw inXm ilKo[
au`qr- jdoN q`qW nUM aunHW dy v`Ddy prmwxU puMjW dy ADwr ‘qy ivvsiQq
kIqw jWdw hY qW hryk A`TvyN q`q dy gux pihly q`q dy guxW dy smwn
huMdy hn[
pRSn 12. mYNflIv ny AwpxI AwvrqI swrnI iqAwr krn leI ikhVw
mwpdMf ApxwieAw?
au`qr-mYNflIv v`loN AwpxI AwvrqI swrnI iqAwr krn leI
ApxwieAw igAw mwpdMf sI-1. prmwxU puMj Aqy 2. rswieixk guxW
dI smwnqw[
pRSn 13. AwDuink AwvrqI swrnI Aqy mYNflIv dI AwvrqI swrnI
iv`c q`qW dI qrqIb dI qulnw kro[
au`qr- mYNflIv dI AwvrqI swrnI iv`c q`qW nMU aunHW dy prmwxU puMj
dI qrqIb dy v`Ddy kRm dy Anuswr r`iKAw igAw hY[ jdik AwDuink
AwvrqI swrnI iv`c q`qW nUM aunHW dy prmwxU sMiKAw dy v`Ddy kRm dy
Anuswr r`iKAw igAw hY[
pRSn 14. svY-poSI poSx dI pirBwSw ilKo[ jW
svY-poSI poSx kI huMdw hY? ie`k audwhrn idau[
au`qr- svY qoN Bwv hY ‘Awpxy-Awp’ Aqy poSx qoN Bwv hY ‘Bojn’[
ies dw ArQ ieh hY ik svY-poSI Awpxw Bojn Awp iqAwr krdy
hn[ audwhrn- hry pOdy[
pRSn 15. pr-poSI poSx dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr- pr qoN Bwv hY ‘dUsrw’ Aqy poSx qoN Bwv hY ‘Bojn’[ ies dw
ArQ ieh hY ik pr-poSI Awpxw Bojn dUsirAW qoN pRwpq krdy hn[
audwhrn- swry jMqU Aqy hry rMg qoN ibnW pOdy[
pRSn 16. SwkwhwrI dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr- ijhVy jIv pOidAW jW aunHW dy auqpwdW dI Bojn vjoN vrqoN
krdy hn, aunHW nUM SwkwhwrI jIv kihMdy hn[ ijvyN-gW, m`J, b`krI,
GoVw, hwQI Awid[
pRSn 17. mwswhwrI dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr- ijhVy jIv Awpxy Bojn leI dUsry jIvW dw mws KWdy hn,
aunHW nUM mwswhwrI jIv kihMdy hn[ ijvyN-s`p, iCpklI, cIqw, f`fU
Awid[
pRSn 18. imRq-AwhwrI dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr- ijhVy jIv mry hoey gly-sVy kwrbnI pdwrQW qoN Awpxw Bojn
pRwpq krdy hn, aunHW nUM imRq AwhwrI jIv kihMdy hn[ ijvyN -PPUMdI
(au`lI), bYktIrIAw, XIst Awid[
pRSn 19. prjIvI dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr-ijhVy jIv Awpxy poSx (Bojn Aqy invws) leI dUsry jIvW
‘qy inrBr krdy hn, aunHW nUM prjIvI kihMdy hn[ ies nUM hI prjIvI
poSx kihMdy hn[ijvyN: Amrvyl
pRSn 20. AwksI swh ikirAw iks nUM kihMdy hn?
au`qr- AwksI swh ikirAw, auh swh ikirAw hY, ijhVI AwksIjn
dI mOjdUgI iv`c huMdI hY[
pRSn 21. Ax-AwksI swh ikirAw qoN kI Bwv hY?
au`qr- Ax-AwksI swh ikirAw, auh swh ikirAw hY, ijhVI
AwksIjn dI gYr-mOjUdgI iv`c huMdI hY[
pRSn 22. AYnzweIm qoN kI Bwv hY?
au`qr- ieh pdwrQ Su`D pRotIn dy bxy huMdy hn[ jIvW iv`c hox vwlIAW
ikirAwvW dI dr iv`c vwDw krdy hn[
pRSn 23. pRkwS sMslySx ikirAw dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr- pRkwS sMslySx ikirAw iv`c hry pOdy kloroiPl vrxk dI
shwieqw nwl sUrj dI rOSnI iv`c kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy pwxI
qoN Awpxw Bojn iqAwr krdy hn[
pRSn 24. podw pRkwS sMSlySx leI zrUrI k`cI sm`grI ik`QoN lYNdw
hY?
au`qr- pOdy vwXUmMfl qoN kwrbn fwieAwksweIf, im`tI qoN pwxI Aqy
sUrj qoN pRkwS pRwpq krdy hn[
hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406
pRSn 25. swfy imhdy iv`c qyzwb dI kI mh`qqw hY?
au`qr- qyzwb (hweIfRokloirk qyzwb) ie`k Aijhw mwiDAm iqAwr
krdw hY, jo pYpisn AYnzwiem nUM srl qrIky nwl Bojn nUM pcwaux
iv`c shwieqw krdw hY[
pRSn 26. idmwg dw ikhVw Bwg srIr dI siQqI Aqy sMquln nUM
bxweI r`Kdw hY?
au`qr- sYrIbYlm[
pRSn 27. AsIN ie`k Agrb`qI dI gMD dw ikvyN pqw krdy hW?
au`qr- igAwn ieMdrIAW dI m``dd nwl AsIN ie`k Agrb`qI dI gMD
dw pqw krdy hW[
pRSn 28. homIEstYiss iks nUM kihMdy hn?
au`qr- srIr iv`c lUxW Aqy pwxI dw sMquln kwiem r`Kx nUM
homIEstYiss kihMdy hn[
pRSn 29. inaurw`n kI hY?
au`qr- nwVI pRxwlI dI kwrj krn dI iekweI nUM inaur`wn kihMdy
hn[ hryk inaurwn iqMn Kws KyqrW dw bixAw huMdw hY[ ieh Kyqr
inmniliKq hn- 1. sY`l srIr, 2. fYNfrweIt, 3. AYk swn[
pRSn 30. iptUeItrI (pIXUS) gRMQI nUM mwstr gRMQI ikauN ikhw jWdw
hY? kI ieh svwDIn hY?
au`qr-iptUeItrI (pIXUS) gRMQI idmwg dy hweIpoQYlms nwl juVI huMdI
hY[ ieh gRMQI dUjIAW AMdr-irswvI gRMQIAW dy kwrj nUM inXMiqRq
krdI hY[ ies leI iesnUM mwstr gRMQI kihMdy hn[ ieh gRMQI
svwDIn hY[
pRSn 31. CUeI-mUeI pOdy dIAW p`qIAW dI gqI, pRkwS v`l krUMblw
dI gqI qoN ikvyN iBMn hY?
au`qr- CUeI-mUeI pOdy dIAW p`qIAW dI gqI iv`c vwDw Swiml nhIN
huMdw, jdik pRkwS dy v`l krUMblW dI gqI vwDy dy kwrn huMdI hY[
pRSn 32. suKmnw nwVHI ‘qy s`t l`gx nwl ikhVy sMkyqW iv`c rukwvt
AwvygI?
au`qr- suKmnw nwVI ‘qy s`t l`gx nwl pRqIvrqI ikirAwvW Aqy
Axie`Cq ikirAwvW leI Awaux vwly sMkyqW iv`c rukwvt AwvygI[
pRSn 33. Axie`Cq ikirAwvW Aqy pRiqvrqI ikirAwvW ie`k -dUjy
qoN iks pRkwr iBMn hn?
au`qr- Axie`Cq ikirAwvW m`D idmwg Aqy ipCly idmwg duAwrw
kMtrol huMdIAW hn[ jdik pRiqvrqI ikirAwvW mu`K qOr ‘qy rIVH dI
h`fI duAwrw kMtrol huMdIAW hn[
pRSn 34. AwieEfIn Xukq lUx dy aupXog dI slwh ikauN id`qI jWdI
hY?
au`qr- AwieEfIn dI kmI ig`lV rog dw kwrn bx skdI hY, ies
leI AwieEfIn Xukq nmk Kwx dI slwh id`qI jWdI hY[
pRSn 35. Avql drpx dy aupXog d`so[
au`qr- 1. fwktr Avql drpx nwl srIr dy AMgW, ijvyN A`K, kMn,
gly Awid dw inrIKx krdy hn[
2. Avql drpx Syv krn vwly drpx dy qOr ‘qy vriqAw jWdw
hY[
3. Avql drpx dw pRXog vwhnW dIAw lweItw Aqy src lweItW
iv`c kIqw jWdw hY[
pRSn 36. au`ql drpx dI pirBwSw idau[
au`qr- au`ql drpx dI prwvrqk sqHw aus goly dy kyNdr qoN prHW v`l
huMdI hY, ijs dw ieh drpx ie`k ih`sw huMdw hY[ au`ql drpx dI
AMdrlI sqHw pwilS kIqI huMdI hY Aqy prwvrqn bwhrlI sqHw qoN
huMdw hY[
pRSn 37. Poks dUrI dI pirBwSw idau[
au`qr- golwkwr drpx dy SIrS Aqy mu`K Poks ivckwrlI dUrI nUM
drpx dI Poks dUrI ikhw jWdw hY[
pRSn 38. pRkwS dw Apvrqn kI hY?
au`qr- jdoN pRkwS ie`k mwiDAm qoN dUjy mwiDAm iv`c jWdw hY qW
ies dy p`Q iv`c qbdIlI Awaux dI ikirAw nUM pRkwS dw Apvrqn
kihMdy hn[
pRSn 39. lY`nz dy m`uK Poks dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr- l`Ynz dw mu`K Poks Dury a`uqy auh ibMdU huMdw hY, ijs ‘qy m`uK
Dury dy smwnMqr Aw rhIAW ikrnW lY`nz iv`coN dI lMG ky AiBswirq
huMdIAW hn[
pRSn 40. lY`nz dI Poks dUrI dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au`qr- lY`nz dy pRkwSI kyNdr Aqy aus dy mu`K Poks iv`ckwrlI dUrI
nUM Poks dUrI kihMdy hn[
pRSn 41. ibjleI Swrt srkt kdoN huMdw hY?
au`qr- jdoN lwiev qwr Aqy audwsIn qwr juV jwvy ausnUM Swrt
srkt kihMdy hn[
pRSn 42. ibjleI motr iv`c spilt irMg dI kI BUimkw hY?
au`qr- spilt irMg kuMflI dy hryk A`Dy rotySn dy bwAd kuMflI qoN
ibjleI Dwrw dy pRvwh dI idSw nUM bdl (au`ltw) idMdw hY[
pRSn 43. ivsQwpn ikirAw Aqy dUhrw ivsQwpn ikirAw iv`c kI
AMqr hY?
au`qr- ivsQwpn ikirAw- ivsQwpn ikirAw iv`c ie`k ikirAwSIl
q`q ie`k hor q`q nUM ies dy Gol iv`coN ivsQwipq kr idMdw hY[
duhrw ivsQwpn- jdoN do v`K-v`K pRmwxU smUh Awpo-Awpxy Xoigkw
iv`coN Awps iv`c Adlw-bdlI krn[
pRSn 44. AvKypx pRiqikirAw qoN quhwfw kI Bwv hY?
au`qr- ijs pRiqikirAw qoN AvpyK pRwpq huMdw hY, aus nMU AvKypx
pRiqikirAw ikhw jWdw hY[
pRSn 45. ‘Korn’ dw vrxn kro Aqy ie`k audwhrn idau[
au`qr- jdoN koeI Dwq qyzwb jW nmI Awid dy sMprk iv`c AwauNdI hY
qW auh Kurn l`gdI hY[ ies pRikirAw nUM Korn kihMdy hn[ Korn
kwrn kwr dy FWcy, pul, jhwz Aqy DwqW, Kws krky lohy qoN bxIAW
vsqW nUM bhuq hwnI pu`jdI hY[
pRSn 46. swbx duAwrw sPweIkrn dI ikirAw ivDI dI ivAwiKAw
kro[
au`qr- swbx ie`k v`fI hweIfrokwrbn pUC dy irxwqmk isry nwl
juiVAw huMdw hY[ pwxI iv`c Gulx vwly ie`k isry nUM jl snyhI kihMdy
hn Aqy dUjy isry (hweIfrokwrbn pUC) nUM jl ivroDI kihMdy hn[
Gol iv`c mOjUd irxwqmk isry Coty glwbulys nwl iGry huMdy hn[ pwxI
iv`c mOjUd irxwqmk isry Coty glwbulys nUM ie`kTy Awaux qoN rokdy
hn[ ies qrHW qyl vwlI mYl vsqU qoN ht jWdI hY[
pRSn 47. eIQynol qyzwb Aqy eIQonoiek qyzwb iv`c AMqr ilKo[
au`qr-
eIQynol qyzwb eIQynoiek qyzwb (𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻)
(𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝐻)
1. ies dw aubwl drjw 351 1. ies dw aubwl drjw 391 𝐾
𝐾 hY[ hY[
2. ies dw svwd kOVw huMdw 2. ies dw svwd K`tw huMdw hY[
hY[ 3. ieh nIly iltms nUM lwl rMg
3.ieh iltms dw rMg nhIN iv`c bdl idMdw hY[
bdldw[
pRSn 48. iBMnqwvW dy pYdw hox nwl iksy spISIz dI hoNd ikvyN v`D
jWdI hY?
au`qr- iBMnqwvW dy pYdw hox nwl iksy spISIz dI hoNd dI sMBwvnw
v`D jWdI hY[iBMnqwvW kudrqI vwqwvrx iv`c shwieqw krdIAW hn
Aqy pRqIkUl hwlqW nwl lVn iv`c shwiek huMdIAW hn[ ieh
AnukUlx nUM vDwauNdIAW hn[
pRSn 49. auh ikhVy kwrk hn jo nvIN spISz pYdw krn iv`c
shwiek hn?
hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406
au`qr- nvIN spISIz pYdw krn iv`c shwiek kwrk hn- 1. jynyitk putYNSl dy brwbr bxw id`qw igAw hY[ ies nwl aupkrn dI vrqoN
bhwv, 2. kudrqI cox, 3. BUgoilk Algwv[ kr rhy ivAkqI nUM ibjlI dw J`tkw l`gx dw ^qrw nhIN rihMdw[
pRSn 50. smjwq Aqy smrUp AMgW dI audwhrn dy ky smJwau[ pRSn 61. ie`k sw& lybl kIqw ic`qr bxw ky bksw iksm dy sUrjI
au`qr- smjwq AMg- pOidAW Aqy pRwxIAW dy aug AMg, ijnHW dI ku`kr dI rcnw Aqy kwrjivDI dw vrxn kro[
m`uFlI rcnw ie`k smwn huMdI hY, pr aunHW dy kwrj v`K -v`K huMdy hn, au`qr- ieh ku`kr ie`k Dwq dy bks
aunHW nUM smjwq AMg kihMdy hn, ijvyN-pMCIAW dy pMK[ dw bixAw huMdw hY[ ies nUM AMdroN
smrUp AMg- jIvW dy auh AMg, jo ijnHW dI mUl rcnw v`Ko-v`K huMdI kwlw kIqw hMudw hY[ ies iv`c
hY pr kwrj ie`ko ijhw krdy hn, aunHW nUM smrUp AMg kihMdy hn, prwvrqk v`joN ie`k bhuq vDIAw
ijvyN kItW dy pMK, pMCIAW dy pMK, cmig`dV dy pMK[ smql drpx lgwieAw huMdw hY[
pRSn 51. ie`k golwkwr drpx dw vkrqw ArD-ivAws 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎 hY[ ie`k motI k`c dI SIt F`kx dw kMm
aus dI Poks dUrI kI hovygI? krdI hY[ pkwaux vwly Kwxy nUM brqnW iv`c r`iKAw jWdw hY[
au`qr- id`qw hY: (𝑅) = 20 𝑐𝑚 pRSn 62. BU-qwp aUrjw kI hY? ies dy m`uK aupXog kI hn?
𝑅 20 au`qr- BU-qwp aUrjw-DrqI dI sqHw dy hyTly qwp dy somy nUM BU-qwp
𝑓= = 𝑐𝑚 = 10𝑐𝑚 aUrjw kihMdy hn[
2 2
pRSn 52. qwry ikauN itmitmwauNdy hn? aupXog-
au`qr- qwirAW qoN pRkwS vwXUmMfl dIAW iBMn-iBMn prqW iv`coN lMG 1. ies qoN ibjlI pYdw kIqI jw skdI hY[
ky swfy q`k phuMcdw hY[ vwXUmMfl dIAW BOiqk hwlqW ijvyN ik 2. grm cSimAW iv`c Kwxw pkwieAw jw skdw hY[
qwpmwn, Apvrqn AMk, Gxqw Awid iBMn-iBMn huMdIAW hn Aqy pRSn 63. Pwis`l bwlx kI hn? ieh ikvyN bxdy hn? ieh aUrjw dy
ieh vwXUmMfl iv`c hox vwlIAW hlclW kwrn bdldIAW rihMdIAW pUrqIAXog somyN ikauN hn?
hn[ ies kwrn qwrw swnUM itmitmwauNdw jwpdw hY[ fI.AYm.swieMs
au`qr- kolw, pYtrolIAm Aqy kudrqI gYs Pwis`l jW pQrwt bwlxW
pRSn 53. ivAwiKAw kro ik gRih ikauN nhIN itmitmwauNdy? dy iqMn mu`K rUp hn[ bhuq smW pihlW, fwienosorW dI hoNd qoN pihlW,
au`qr- gRih DrqI dy bhuq nyVy hn, ies leI ieh v`fy nzr AwauNdy
hrmndIp isMG (izlHw sMgrUr)
pOidAW Aqy jwnvrW dI rihMd-KUMhd DrqI dy hyTW d`b geI[ ies
hn[ siQqI iv`c bhuq QoVHI qbdIlI kwrn ieh swnUM itmitmwauNdy rihMd-KMUhd nUM Pwis`l ikhw jWdw hY[ ieh rihMd-KUhMd AwksIzn dI
nhIN jwpdy[ gYrhwzrI 𝑴. iv`c𝑺𝒄. 𝑷𝒉𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒄𝒔,
dbwA, qwp Aqy𝑴. bYk𝑷𝒉𝒊𝒍,
tIrIAw𝑩.dI𝑬𝒅, 𝑷𝑺𝑻𝑬𝑻
ikirAw duAwrw
pRSn 54. sUrj cVHn smyN lwl ikauN pRqIq huMdw hY? bwlxW iv`c bdl geI[ ies leI ienHW nUM Pwis`l jW pQrwt bwlx
au`qr- DUV-kxW Aqy jl-kxW dI mOjUdgI kwrn G`t qrMg lMbweI ikhw jWdw hY[ ienHW nUmoM pU:rqIAXo
7009102406
g somy qW kihMdy hn ikauNik ienHW
vwly rMg (ijvyN nIlw, bYNgxI Awid) dw iKMfwE huMdw hY Aqy isr& nUM bxn iv`c hor l`KW-kroVW swl l`gxgy[
AiDk qrMg lMbweI vwlIAW lwl pRkwS qrMgW is`DIAW swfIAW A`KW pRSn 64. aUrjw-somy dy rUp iv`c pQrwt bwlx Aqy sUrj dI qulnw
q`k pu`jdIAW hn[ ies qrHW sUrj cVHn smyN lwl pRqIq huMdw hY[ kro Aqy ienHW iv`c AMqr ilKo[
pRSn 55. iksy pulwV XwqrI nUM AwkwS nIly dI QW kwlw ikauN pRqIq au`qr-
huMdw hY? pQrwt bwlx aUrjw somy dy rUp sUrjI aUrjw somy dy rUp iv`c
au`qr- hvw dy AxUAW jW hor bhuq sUKm kxW dI AxhoNd kwrn pRkwS iv`c
dw iKMfwE nhIN huMdw, ijs kwrn pulwV XwqrI nUM AwkwS kwlw ivKweI 1. pQrwt bwlxW dI vrqoN 1. sUrj pRdUSx mukq aUrjw dw
idMdw hY[ pRdUSx dw kwrn bxdI hY[ somw hY[
2. ieh bwlx sIimq mwqrw 2. sUrjI aUrjw AsIimq
pRSn 56. cuMbkI Kyqr ryKwvW dy guxW dI sUcI bxwau[ iv`c aupl`bD hn[ mwqrw iv`c aupl`bD hY[
au`qr- cuMbkI Kyqr ryKwvW dy gux- 3. ieh nw-nivAwauxXog 3. sUrjI aUrjw nivAwaux Xog
1. cuMbkI Kyqr ryKwvW cuMbk dy bwhr au`qrI Druv qoN SurU huMdIAW hn aUrjw dy somy hn[ aUrjw dw somw hY[
Aqy ies dy d`KxI Druv ‘qy Kqm huMdIAW hn[ 4. ieh iksy vI smyN vrqy jw 4. sUrjI aUrjw dI vrqoN kyvl
2. koeI do cuMbkI Kyqr ryKwvW ie`k-dUjy nUM nhIN k`tdIAW[ skdy hn[ idn dy smyN huMdI hY[
pRSn 57. do cuMbkI Kyqr ryKwvW ie`k-dUjy nUM ikauN nhIN k`tdIAW? pRSn 65. sUrjI ku`kr dw aupXog krn dy kI lwB Aqy hwnIAW hn?
au`qr- jy auh ie`k-dUjy nUM k`tx qW ies dw Bwv ieh hY ik kwt- au`qr- sUrjI ku`kr dy lwB-
ibMdU ‘qy cuMbkI kMpws do idSwvW v`l sMkyq krygI, jo ik AsMBv hY[ 1. bwlx dw koeI ^rc nhIN huMdw ArQwq bwlx Aqy ibjlI dI Kpq
pRSn 58. ibjleI motr dw kI isDWq hY? nhIN huMdI[
au`qr- jdoN iksy krMt vwhk kuMflI nUM ie`k cuMbkI Kyqr iv`c r`iKAw 2. pUrn rUp nwl pRdUSx rihq hY[ hOlI gqI nwl Bojn pkwaux nwl
jWdw hY qW ies ‘qy ie`k tw`rk (𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒) bl ikirAw krdw hY[ Bojn dy poSk q`qW dI hwnI nhIN huMdI[
pRSn 59. ibjlI jnrytr dw isDWq ilKo[ 3. iksy iksm dI gMdgI nhIN PYldI[
au`qr- jdoN koeI cwlk cuMbkI bl ryKwvW nUM k`tdw hY qW PYrwfy dy 4. Bojn pkwaux smyN inrMqr dyKBwl krn dI loV nhIN huMdI[
ibjl-cuMbkI pRyrx dy inXm Anuswr ies iv`c ibjlI vwhk bl sUrjI ku`kr dIAW hwnIAW-
pRyirq ho jWdw hY[ ies pRyirq ibjlI-vwhk bl kwrn srkt iv`coN 1. bhuq AiDk qwpmwn nhIN pYdw kr skdw[
krMt vihMdw hY, jo ik cwlk srkt nUM bMd kr idMdw hY[
2. rwq smyN aupXog nhIN kIqw jw skdw[
pRSn 60. BoN-qwr dw kI kwrj hY? Dwq vwly XMqrW nUM BoN -sMprk
3. mINh Aqy b`dlW vwly idn ies dw aupXog nhIN kIqw jw skdw[
krnw ikauN zrUrI hY?
4. ieh 100°𝐶 qoN 140°𝐶 q`k dw qwpmwn pRwpq krn leI 2-3
au`qr- Dwq dy XMqrW ijvyN ibjlI pRY`s, Pirz, tostr Awid nUM BoN -
GMty lY lYNdw hY[
sMprk qwr nwl joV id`qw jWdw hY[ ies nwl ieh XkInI ho jWdw
pRSn 66. ie`k sw& lybl kIqw ic`qr bxw ky siQr guMbd iksm dy
hY ik XMqr iv`coN ibjlI Dwrw guzrn nwl XMqr dw putYNSl DrqI dy
bwieau-gYs plWt dI kwrjivDI dI ivAwiKAw kro[

hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406

au`qr- siQr guMbd iksm dy bwieau- 2. pwlIQIn dI vrqoN nw krky[
gYs plWt dI kwrjivDI hyT ilKy 3. ivArQ vgdy pwxI dI brbwdI nUM rok ky[
Anuswr hY- 4. soc-smJ ky ibjlI aupkrnW dI vrqoN krky[
ieh ie`tW dw bixAw huMdw hY[ gYs pRSn 72. kI qusIN Awpxy skUl iv`c ku`J pirvrqn suJw skdy ho,
fweIjYstr tYNk dy guMbd iv`c iek`TI ijnHW nwl ies nUM vwqwvrn p`KI bxwieAw jw sky?
kIqI jWdI hY, jo siQr huMdw hY[ ies
au`qr- 1. swnUM pwxI dw PzUl-^rc nhIN krnw cwhIdw[
leI ies dw nW siQr guMbd iksm
dw bwieau-gYs plWt r`iKAw igAw hY[ pSUAW dy gohy Aqy pwxI nUM 2. swnUM skUl iv`c v`D qoN v`D ru`K lgwauxy cwhIdy hn[
imSrx tYNk iv`c imlwieAw jWdw hY Aqy ies mswly nUM pRvyS tY Nk 3. pKwixAW Awid dI inXimq sPweI krnI cwhIdI hY[
iv`c ByijAw jWdw hY, ij`QoN ieh mswlw fweIjYstr tYNk iv`c Aqy 4. ibjlI dI PzUl-^rcI nUM rokxw cwhIdw hY[
iPr islMfrwkwr ih`sy q`k clw jWdw hY[ guMbd nUM gYs ie`kTI krn 5. skUl dI iemwrq sw&-suQrI r`KxI cwhIdI hY[
leI Ku`lHw C`f id`qw jWdw hY[ vriqAw igAw mswlw gYs dy dbwA
kwrn inkws cYNbr iv`c clw jWdw hY, ij`QoN ieh AiqpRvwh tYNk iv`c
clw jWdw hY[
bwieau-gYs bxwaux leI jwnvrW dy gohy iv`c mnu`KW dw pKwnw vI
pRSn 73. DwqW Aqy ADwqW dy guuxW iv`c AMqr ilKo[
imlwieAw jw skdw hY[ KyqIbwVI Aqy bnspqI dI rihMd -KUhMd qoN
vI bwieau-gYs bxweI jw skdI hY[ ies qrHW bwieau-gYs iqAwr au`qr-
krn nwl nw kyvl sw& bwlx imldw hY, sgoN rihMd -KUhMd nUM Kwd DwqW (𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠) ADwqW (𝑁𝑜𝑛 − 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠)
iv`c bdlx nwl pRdUSx vI G`t jWdw hY[ BOiqk guxW dI qulnw-
pRSn 67. Ezon kI hY Aqy ieh pirsiQiqk pRbMD nUM ikvyN pRBwivq 1. DwqW swDwrn qwpmwn ‘qy 1. ADwqW swDwrn qwpmwn qy
krdI hY? Tos huMdIAW hn[ iqMny AvsQwvW iv`c imldIAW
auy`qr- Ezon vwXUmMfl iv`clI AwksIjn dy au`pr sUrj dIAW hn[
prwvYNgnI ivikrnW dy pRBwv kwrn bxdI hY[ smqwp mMfl iv`c 2. DwqW KcIxXog Aqy 2. ieh Awm qOr ‘qy BurBurIAW
mOjUd Ezon dI pUrI qih nUM Ezon prq jW Ezo n p`tI kihMdy hn[ kutIxXog huMdIAW hn[ huMdIAW hn[
ieh swnUM sUrj qoN Awaux vwlIAW prwvYNgxI ivikrnW qoN bcwauNdI
3. DwqW Awm qOr ‘qy cmkdwr 3. ADwqW iv`c DwqvI cmk
hY[ eyrosolz kloro-Ploro kwrbn vrgy rswieixk pdwrQ hn[ ieh
huMdIAW hn[ nhIN huMdI[
pdwrQ smqwp vwXUmMfl iv`c Ezon nwl ikirAw krky ies nUM ^qm
4. DwqW qwp Aqy ibjlI dIAW 4. gRyPweIt qoN ielwvw bwkI
krdy hn[
sucwlk huMdIAW hn[ swrIAW ADwqW kucwlk huMdIAW
pRSn 68. qusIN kUVy-krkt dy inptwry dI sm`isAw G`t krn iv`c
hn[
kI Xogdwn pw skdy ho? koeI do qrIikAW dw vrxn kro[
rswieixk guxW dI qulnw-
au`qr- kUVy-krkt dy inptwry leI hyT ilKy do qrIikAW nUM
ApxwieAw jw skdw hY- 1. DwqW Kwry AwksweIf 1. ADwqW qyzwbI Aqy audwsIn
bxwauNdIAW hn[ AwksweIf bxwauNdIAW hn[
1. muV c`krx kr ky- kcry jW kUVy krkt iv`coN kwgz, plwsitk,
DwqW, k`pVy Awid cux ky Al`g krky aunHW dw muV c`krx kIqw jwxw 2. DwqW qyzwb nwl ikirAw 2. ADwqW qyzwbW iv`coN
cwhIdw hY[ purwxy k`pVy Aqy kwgzW dy muV c`krx nwl dr`^qW nUM krky hweIfrojn gYs nUM hweIfrojn gYs nUM ivsQwipq
k`tx qoN bcwieAw jw skdw hY[ plwsitk dw bwr-bwr aupXog kIqw ivsQwipq krdIAW hn[ nhIN krdIAW[
jw skdw hY[ 3. DwqW Dnwqmk cwrj Xukq 3. ADwqW irxwqmk cwrj
2. im`tI iv`c dbw ky- jYv ivGtnSIl pdwrQW nUM im`tI iv`c dbw ky huMdIAW hn[ Xukq huMdIAW hn[
kUVy-krkt dw inptwrw kIqw jw skdw hY[ ies nwl Kwd pRwpq
pRSn 74. Lohy nUM zMg l`gx dI ikirAw dw vyrvw idE Aqy ies qoN
kr ky KyqW iv`c vrqI jw skdI hY[
bcwA dy koeI do FMg d`so[
pRSn 69. swfy duAwrw pYdw jYv AivGtnSIl kcry qoN ikhVIAW
auqr- lohy nUM zMg l`gxw (𝑅𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛) – ieh auh ikirAw
muSklW pYdw huMdIAW hn?
hY jo hyT ilKy FMg nwl huMdI hY-
au`qr- swfy duAwrw pYdw jYv AivGtnSIl qoN hyT ilKIAW muSklW
𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 + 𝑥𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 . 𝑥𝐻2 𝑂
pYdw huMdIAW hn
(hweIfryt PYirk AwksweIf jW zMg)
1. jl, hvw Aqy im`tI dw pRdUSx[
zMg iek icpicpwht rihq XOigk hY[ ieh prq qoN bwAd prq bx
2. mnu`KI srIr iv`c jYivk vwDw[
ky au`fdw rihMdw hY qy lohy dI nvIN sqih nUM zMg l`gx leI Ku`lHw C`f
3. pirsiQiqk sMquln iv`c rukwvt[ id`qw jWdw hY[
4. nwly-nwlIAW iv`c rukwvt[ zMg l`gx dI rokQwm- ku`J bcwE kwrjW nUM Apxw ky lohy nUM jMg
5. plwsitk vrgy pdwrQW nUM ingl lYx nwl SwkwhwrI jMqUAW l`gx qoN bcwieAw jw skdw hY ijvyN-
dI mOq[ (a) pyNt lgw ky bcwA krnw
pRSn 70. ie`k ivAkqI ivSyS dy rUp iv`c qusIN iBMn kudrqI auqpwdW (A) DwqvI prq cVHwauxw
dI Kpq G`t krn leI kI kr skdy ho?
(e) zMg-roDI Gol vrq ky
au`qr- 1. in`jI vwhn dI jgHw srvjnk vwhn dw aupXog krWgw[
(s) inkl Aqy koRmIAm nwl imSirq Dwq bxw ky
2. p`iKAW Awid nUM bMd krky ibjlI bcwvWgw[
pRSn 75. imSrq Dwq iks nUM AwKdy hn? ienHW nUM bxwaux dy kI
3. ilPt dI jgHw pOVIAW dw pRXog krWgw[ audyS hn?
pRSn 71. vwqwvrn p`KI bxn leI qusIN AwpxIAW AwdqW iv`c au`qr- imSrq Dwq (𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑦)- iksy Dwq nUM iksy hor Dwq jW ADwq
ikhVy pirvrqn ilAw skdy ho? nwl imlw ky bxwey gey sm-AMgI imSrn nUM imSrq Dwq AwKdy
au`qr- 1. jMglW dI k`tweI ‘qy rok lgw ky[ hn[ audwhrn vjoN stynlYs stIl[
hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406
imSirq DwqW dI vrqoN- 6. AMfkoS iv`c AMfy iqAwr hox lgdy hn[
1. kTorqw vDwaux leI 7. Awvwz surIlI ho jWdI hY[
2. SkqI vDwaux leI 8. ault ilMg pRqI iK`c hox lgdI hY[
3. Kurn qoN bcwaux leI pRSn 80. AMikq ic`qr bxw ky Pu`l dy v`K-v`K BwgW dw vrxn kro[
4. DunI auqpMn krn leI au`qr- Pu`l- puSpI pOidAw iv`c
5. ipGlwE drjw G`t krn leI P`ul ilMgI jxn iv`c shwieqw
6. au`icq sWcy iv`c FlweI leI krdw hY[ Pu`lW dI shwieqw nwl
bI bxdy hn[ Pu`l iv`c iek
7. rMg bdlx leI
AwDwrI Bwg huMdw hY ijs au`pr
8. GrylU loVW leI Pu`l dy swry Bwg l`gy huMdy hn[
pRSn 76. Kixj Aqy k`cI Dwq iv`c AMqr ilKo[ ies nUM puSp-Awsn kihMdy hn[ Pu`l dy mu`K rUp iv`c cwr Bwg huMdy
au`qr- Kixj Aqy k`cI Dwq iv`c AMqr- hn[
Kixj (𝑀𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑠) k`cI Dwq (𝑂𝑟𝑒𝑠) 1. bwhrI dlpuMj jW hrIAW p`qIAw- ieh Pu`l dw sB qoN bwhrI Bwg
1. ijnHW pRikirqk pdwrQW 1. ijnHW KixjW qoN lwBdwiek huMdw hY[
iv`c DwqW dy Xoigk aupsiQq Aqy sOK nwl DwqW pRwpq kIqIAW 2. dlpuMj jW rMgdwr p`qIAW- bwhrI dlpuMj dy AMdrly Bwg nUM
huMdy hn, Kixj khwauNdy hn[ jw skdIAW hn, aunHW nUM k`cI dlpuMj kihMdy hn[
Dwq kihMdy hn[ 3. puMkysr- ieh Pu`l dw bwhroN qIsrw Bwg hY[
2. Dwq dI pRqISq mwqrw bhuq 2. swrIAW k`cIAW DwqW iv`c 4. iesqrI kysr- ieh Pu`l dw mwdw Bwg huMdw hY[ ies dy hr AMg
G`t huMdI hY[ Dwq dI kw&I mwqrw hMudI hY[ nUM iesqrI kysr jW grB kysr kihMdy hn[ iesdy iqMn Bwg huMdy
3. ku`J KixjW iv`c ASu`DIAW 3. k`cIAW DwqW iv`c koeI vI hn-(1) sitgmw (2) vriqkw (3) AMfkoS dy AMdr bIjwxU huMdy hn[
dI bhuq v`D mwqrw huMdI hY[ rukwvt pwaux vwlIAW ASu`DIAW pRSn 81. lVky Aqy lVkIAW iv`c ikSor AvsQw dOrwn Awaux vwly
nhIN huMdIAW hn[ pirvrqn ikhVy hn?
4. swry KixjW nUM Dwq 4. swrIAW k`cIAW DwqW nUM au`qr- (a) nr dy srIr iv`c idKweI dyx vwly pirvrqn-
inSkrSn leI aupXog nhIN inSkrSn dy leI aupXog kIqw 1. Awvwz iv`c BwrIpx Aw jWdw hY[
kIqw jw skdw hY[ swry Kixj jw skdw hY[ 2. dwVHI Aqy mu`CW au`g jWdIAW hn[
k`cI Dwq nhIN huMdy hn[
3. jxn AMgW qy vwl au`g AwauNdy hn[
4. moFy cOVy ho jWdy hn[ mwspySIAW ivkisq ho jWdIAW hn[
pRSn 77. BuMnx Aqy BsmIkrx ivckwr AMqr audwhrx dy ky d`so[
5. ault ilMg v`l AwkrSn v`D jWdw hY[
au`qr- BuMnx Aqy BsmIkrx iv`c AMqr-
(A) mwdw dy srIr iv`c idKweI dyx vwly pirvrqn-
BuMnx (𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔) BsmIkrx (𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 1. jxn AMgW qy vwl au`g AwauNdy hn[
1. BuMnx pRikirAw dw aupXog 1. BsmIkrx pRikirAw dw 2. CwqIAW v`fIAW ho jWdIAW hn[ mwslqw Aw jWdI hY[
slPweIf k`cIAW DwqW nUM aupXog kwrbonyt Aqy hweIfRyitf
3. mhwvwrI SurU ho jWdI hY[
AwksweIf iv`c pirvriqq k`cIAW DwqW dy leI kIqw jWdw
krn leI kIqw jWdw hY[ hY[ 4. kUilHAW dy Aws-pws crbI iek`TI ho jWdI hY[
2. BuMnx pRikirAw iv`c k`cI 2. BsmIkrx pRikirAw iv`c 5. ault ilMg pRqI iK`c v`D jWdI hY[
Dwq nUM AwksIjn dI hoNd ivc k`cI-Dwq nUM hvw dI AxhoNd iv`c pRSn 82. AilMgI jxn dIAW v`K-v`K ivDIAW ikhVIAW hn?
grm kIqw jWdw hY[ grm kIqw jWdw hY[ au`qr- AilMgI jxn iv`c jIv ^ud guixq huMdy hn[ AilMgI jxn
3. ies iv`c 𝑆𝑂2 gYs auqpMn 3. ies iv`c 𝐶𝑂2 gYs auqpMn dIAW v`K-v`K ivDIAW hyT ilKy Anuswr hn-
huMdI hY[ huMdI hY[ 1. do KMfn (𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)- do KMfn iv`c jIv dw srIr lMbvq
AnupRsQ KWc qoN do brwbr
BwgW iv`c ivBwijq ho jWdw
pRSn 78. sofIAm nUM kYrosIn iv`c fubo ky ikauN r`iKAw jWdw hY?
hY[ hr Bwg jxn dy smwn
au`qr- sofIAm nUM kYrosIn qyl iv`c fubo ky r`Kxw-sofIAm ie`k bhuq ho jWdw hY[ jxn dI ieh
hI ikirAwSIl DwqU hY ijhVI hvw iv`c r`Kx nwl AwksIjn nwl ivDI pRotozoAw (AmIbw,
ikirAw krky sofIAm AwksweIf bxwauNdI hY Aqy pwxI nwl ikirAw pYrwmISIAm Awid) iv`c
krky sofIAm hweIfroksweIf Aqy hweIfrojn gYs auqpMn krdI huMdI hY[
hY[ hweIfrojn bhuq jlxSIl gYs hY ijs krky ieh A`g PV lYNdI
2. bifMg (𝐵𝑢𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) -
hY[ ies leI sofIAm dw hvw nwl sMprk htwaux leI ies nUM
bifMg jW mukuln ie`k pRkwr
kYrosIn qyl iv`c fubo ky r`iKAw jWdw hY[
dI AilMgI jxn ikirAw hY
pRSn 79. ipaUbrtI smyN lVkIAW iv`c ikhVy-ikhVy pirvrqn
ijs iv`c nvW jIv jo qulnw
ivKweI idMdy hn?
iv`c Coty puMj dy sY`lW iv`coN
au`qr- ipaUbrtI smyN lVkIAW iv`c ivKweI dyx vwly pirvrqn- inkldw hY[
1. h`QW, pYrW qy mhIn surwK jW rom Aw jWdy hn[ 3. KMfn (𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)- spweIrogweIrw vrgy ku`J jIv pUrn
2. cmVI qyl Xukq ho jWdI hY qy kdy-kdy mUMh qy ik`l inklx lgdy ivkisq hox dy bwAd Awm krky do jW v`D KMfW iv`c t`ut jWdy hn[
hn[ ieh KMf vwDw krky pUrn ivkisq jIv bx jWdy hn[
3. CwqIAW dy Awkwr iv`c vwDw huMdw hY[
4. sqnW dy Agly Bwg dw rMg gihrw BUrw hox lgdw hY[
5. mwisk Drm hox lgdw hY[
hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406
4. bhu-KMfn (𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛) − kdy-kdy pRqIkUl hwlwqW iv`c pRSn 85.ikirAw: mYgnISIAm irbn dw hvw iv`c jlxw
sY`l dy cwry pwsy iek sur`iKAw prq jW auqr-mYgnISIAm ie`k Dwq hY
iB`qI bx jWdI hY[ AijhI AvsQw nUM putI -mYgnISIAm irbn nUM jlwaux qy ieh
(isst) kihMdy hn[ putI dy AMdr sY`l keI hvw iv`c mOjUd AwksIjn gYs nwl
vwr ivBwijq ho jWdw hY[ ijs nwl bhuq ikirAw krdw hY[
swry sMqwn sY`l bx jWdy hn[ AijhI
-mYgnISIAm dw sUqr = 𝑀𝑔
pRikirAw nUM bhu-KMfn kihMdy hn[
mYgnISIAm AwksweIf dw sUqr =
5. bnspqI jxn 𝑀𝑔𝑂
(𝑉𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) − jdoN pOdy dy iksy bnspqI AMg
-smIkrn 2𝑀𝑔 + 𝑂2 → 2𝑀𝑔𝑂
ijvyN-p`qw, qxw Aqy jVH qoN nvW pOdw augwieAw jw skdw hovy qW
AiBkwrk mYgnISIAm, AwksIjn,
ies pRikirAw nUM bnspqI jxn kihMdy hn[
auqpwd mYgnISIAm AwksweIf,
pRSn 83. Ehm dw inXm ilKo[ ic`qr bxw ky smJwau ik ies dI
pRXogSwlw iv`c puStI ikvyN kIqI jWdI hY? -mYgnISIAm AwksweIf dw rMg ic`tw / sPYd huMdw hY[
au`qr- Ehm dw inXm pRSn 86.ikirAw : qyzwbW dI DwqW nwl ikirAw [
(𝑂ℎ𝑚 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤) −Ehm dy inXm
′ au`qr-ikirAw dI iksm: ivsQwpn
Anuswr, “iksy cwlk dy ikirAw
isirAW iv`c putYNSl AMk 𝑉 -ikirAw dOrwn auqpMn gYs:
Aqy aus iv`c pRvwihq ho rhI hweIfRojn gYs
krMt dI mwqrw 𝐼 dw Anupwq -smIkrn :- qyzwb + Dwq → lUx
sdw siQr rihMdw hY, Srq + 𝐻2 gYs 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 + 𝑍𝑛 →
cwlk dIAW BOiqk hwlqW (qwpmwn Aqy dbwA) Awid nw bdlx[” 𝑍𝑛𝑆𝑂4 + 𝐻2
𝑉
jW = siQq AMk (𝑅) -swbx dy Gol iv`c bulbly ikauN bxdy hn: hweIfRojn gYs kwrn
𝐼
ies siQr AMk (𝑅) nUM cwlk dw pRiqroD ikhw jWdw hY[ -gYs dI prK: bulbilAW dy nyVy jldI hoeI momb`qI ilAwaux qy
P`t-P`t jW pOp dI Awvwz suxdI hY[
Ehm dy inXm dI puStI- id`qy gey cwlk 𝑃𝑄 nUM bYtrI (𝐵), ie`k
krMt inXMqrk (𝑅ℎ), ie`k AYmmItr (𝐴) Aqy ie`k kuMjI (𝐾) nUM ikirAw : DwqW ibjlI dIAW sucwlk hn[
id`qy gey srkt iv`c joVy[ cwlk 𝑃𝑄 dy isirAW dy ivckwr volt jy kilp 𝐴 Aqy 𝐵 iv`c DWq dw
mItr 𝑉 lgwE, ivjyN ik ic`qr iv`c ivKwieAw igAw hY[ koeI tukVw r`iKAw jwvy qW b`lb
hux kuMjI iv`c pl`g lgw ky cwlk jg pvygw[ ies qoN pqw lgdw hY
𝑃𝑄 iv`c pRvwihq ho rhy krMt 𝐼 dI ik auh Dwq ibjlI dI sucwlk
pVHq AYmmItr iv`c Aqy cwlk dy hY[
isirAW iv`ckwr dw putYNSl AMqr
𝑉 voltmItr iv`c not kro[ hux 𝑉
𝑉
Aqy 𝐼 dw Anupwq ( ) pqw kro[ pRSn 87. ikirAw: imsY`l dw bxnw
𝐼
hux inXMqrk dI shwieqw nwl ic`qr iv`c drsweI rcnw nUM kI ikhw
srkt iv`c krMt dw mu`l bdlo Aqy jWdw hY? iesdy do isry kI drswauNdy
voltmItr Aqy AYmmItr dI nvIN hn? ieh rcnw iks ikirAw iv`c bxdI
pVHq not kro[ qusIN dyKogy ik hr vwr putYNSl AMqr Aqy Dwrw dw hY?
𝑉 𝑉1 𝑉2
Anupwq siQr hY ArQwq = = = ⋯ 𝑅 (siQr AMk) auqr: rcnw: rcnw nUM imsY`l kihMdy hn[
𝐼 𝐼1 𝐼2
grw& ie`k is`DI ryKw, hY ieh Ehm dy inXm dI puStI krdw hY[ swbx dy AxU dy 2 isry hn[
pRSn 84. hyT iliKAW dI ivAwiKAw kro: do isirAw dy nwm: 1) jl snyhI isrw: 𝑁𝑎 + dw AwienI Bwg
(1) ibjlI-lYNpW dy i&lwmYNt dy inrmwx iv`c ie`k mwqr tMgstn dw 2) jl ivroDI isrw: hweIfRokwrbn-lVI
hI aupXog ikauN kIqw jWdw hY? ikirAw dw nwm: swbx duAwrw sPweIkrn ikirAw
(2) ibjleI qwpn XMqrW, ijvyN ik bRY`f tostr Aqy ibjleI pRY`s dy ivDI: 1) ies ikirAw qoN sPweI iv`c swbx dw pRBwv pqw l`gdw
cwlk Su`D DwqUAW dy sQwn qy imSrq DwqW dy ikauN bxwey jWdy hn? hY[
(3) GrylU ibjleI srktW iv`c lVI sMXojn dw aupXog ikauN nhIN 2) k`pVHy ivclI mYl dy dwg iv`c qyl mOjUd hUMdw hY, jo pwxI iv`c
kIqw jWdw? AGulxSIl huMdw hY[
au`qr- (1) ikauNik tMgstn dI au`c pRiqroDkqw hY Aqy tMgstn dw 3) swbx dy AxU lMbIAw lVIAw vwly kwrboksilk qyzwb dy
ipGlwE drjw vI hornW DwqW dI qulnw iv`c bhuq au`cw hY, ies leI sofIAm (𝑁𝑎) jW potwSIAm (𝐾) lUx huMdy hn[
ibjleI lYNpW dy i&lwmYNt dy inrmwx leI Awm qOr qy isr& tMgstn 4) swbx dw AwienI Bwg (𝑁𝑎 + ) pwxI iv`c Gul jWdw hY[ ies nUM
DwqU dw aupXog kIqw jWdw hY[ jl snyhI isrw kihMdy hn[
(2) imSrq DwqW dI pRiqroDkqw Su`D DwqUAW dI qulnw iv`c izAwdw 5) swbx dI hweIfRokwrbn-lVHI,pwxI iv`c nhIN GuldI, pr qyl
hY Aqy qwp v`Dx nwl ies dI pRiqroDkqw iv`c nW dy brwbr iv`c GuldI hY[ ieh jl ivroDI isrw huMdw hY[
pirvrqn huMdw hY[ iesy leI bRY`f tostr Aqy ibjleI pRY`sW dy 6) swbx dy AxU imsYl-rcnw bxwauNdy hn[
i&lwmYNt imSrq DwqW dy bxwey jWdy hn[
7) AxU dw jl ivroDI isrw (hwrIfRokwrbn-isrw) mYl dy duAwly ho
(3) lVIkRm sMXojn iv`c ijvyN-ijvyN hor pRiqroDk juVdy hn, srkt jWdw hY[
dw ku`l pRiqroD v`Ddw jWdw hY Aqy v`K -v`K pRiqroDkW dy isirAW
8) jl snyhI isrw (𝑁𝑎 + ) bwhr v`l huMdw hY[ imsY`l mYl nUM pwxI
ivckwr pRwpq putYNSl G`tdw jWdw hY[ ies leI srkt iv`c Dwrw
iv`c GoldI hY Aqy k`pVw swP ho jWdw hY[
dI mwqrw vI G`t jWdI hY[
hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406
9) qyl pwxI iv`c AGulxSIl hY pRSn 92. ikirAw: swh ikirAw dOrwn 𝑪𝑶𝟐 dy bxn dw AiDAYn
10) swbx nwl pwxI iv`c iemlSn bxdw hY[ (𝑎) cUny dy pwxI iv`coN swh duAwrw bwhr
pRSn 88. pRkws sMslySx ikirAw kI hY? ieh k`FI hvw lMGweI jw rhI hY
pOdy dy iks Bwg iv`c huMdI hY? smIkrn ilKo? (𝑏) cUny dy pwxI iv`coN ipckwrI rwhIN
ies pRikirAw dOrwn ikhVIAW GtnwvW hvw lMGweI jw rhI hY
vwprdIAW hn? mnu`KI swh-ikirAw dOrwn 𝑂2 −gYs
auqr: pRkwS sMslySx p`qy duAwrw sUrjI AMdr jWdI hY qy 𝐶𝑂2 − gYs bwhr
aUrjw Aqy p`qy ivclI kloroiPl vrq ky hvw inkldI hY[
iv`coN 𝐶𝑂2 gYs Aqy jVHW rwhIN 𝐻2 𝑂 (pwxI) jy cUny dy pwxI iv`coN 𝐶𝑂2 lMGwvWgy, qW auh duDIAw ho jwvygw[
lYky kwrbohweIfRyt dy rUp iv`c Bojn bxwieAw jWdw hY[ iesnUM
pRSn 93. ikirAw : inaUrwn
pRkws sMslySx kihMdy hn[ jo kwrbohweIfRyt qurMq nhIN vrqy jWdy,
auh stwrc dy rUp iv`c stor kIqw jWdw hY[
-inaUrwn nUM nwVHI-
kloroiPl
6𝐶𝑂2 + 12𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 + 6𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝑂 sYl vI kihMdy hn[
sUrjI roSnI -ieh sMdySW nUM ie`k
GtnwvW: QW qoN srIr dI dUjI
1) p`qy dI kloroiPl pRkwS aUrjw nUM soKdI hY[ QW qk lYky jWdy
2) pRkwS aUrjw nUM rswieixk aUrjw iv`c bdlxw hn[
3) 𝐶𝑂2 dw kwrbohweIfRytW iv`c lGUkrn krnw iksmW
pRSn 89. hyTW id`qy ic`qr (𝒂) Aqy (𝒃) pOdy dy ikhVHy Bwg hn? 1) sMvydI-inaUrwn-sMvydnw nUM srIr dy BwgW qoN lYky idmwg q`k
ieh kI kMm krdy hn? phuMcwauNdw hY
auqr: (𝑎) ic`qr: Kuly stomYtw dw Cyk 2) pRyrk-inaUrwn-sMvydnw nUM idmwg qoN lYky srIr dy BwgW q`k
(𝑏) ic`qr bMd stomYtw dw Cyk 3) bhu-DruvI inaurwn: ieh sMvydnw nUM idmwg v`l Aqy AMgW v`l
lYky jWdw hY[
stomYtw dw kMm
pRSn 94. ikirAw: mnu`KI idmwg dI kwrj ivDI
1) p`qy dy hyTly Bwg qy brIk Cyk
huMdy hn, ijnHW nUM stomYtw kihMdy  idmwg dy duAwly iqMn-iJ`lIAW hn, ijnHW nUM mYinMgz kihMdy
hn[ hryk stomYtw , do gwrf sY`lw hn[ ies iv`c ie`k qrl
nwl iGirAw huMdw hY[ mOjUd hY, ijsnUM sYrIbRospweInl
2) ieh gYsW dw Awdwn pRdwn krdy hn[ dRv kihMdy hn[ ieh XMqirk
J`tikAw qoN bcwauNdw hY[
3) ieh vwSp auqsrjn iv`c mdd krdy hn[
kwrj:-
pRSn 90. hyTW id`qy ic`qr iks jIv dy hn[ ieh ikhVI ikirAw nUM
drswauNdy hn? 1) sMvydI AMgW qoN sMvydnw pRwpq
krnw
auqr: jIv dw nwm: AmIbw
2) pRyrk ikaUrwnW rwhIN idmwg dw sunyhw lYky jwxw
ikirAw dw nwm: AmIbw iv`c poSx –
ikirAw 3) kwbU Aqy qwlmyl bxwky r`Kxw
ivDI:- 4) srIr dIAW swrIAW gqIivDIAW qy kMtrol
1) AMqr gRihx  sYrIbYlm Bwg srIr dI siQqI qy sMquln bxwky r`Kdw hY[
2) pwcn pRSn 95. id`qw igAw ic`qr iks pOdy dw hY? kI ieh pOdy dw p`qw
hY jW qxw? sp`St kro
3) soKx Aqy svYAMgIkrx
 pOdy dw nwm: bRwieEiPlm-pOdw
4) ml-iqAwg
pRSn 91. ikirAw: mn`uKI pwcx-  p`qw jw qxw: ieh p`qw hY
pRxwlI dy AMg  bRwieauiPlm iv`c p`qy qoN nvIAw-
 mUMh klIAW inkl AwauNdIAW hn
 Bojn-nlI  ieh klIAW p`iqAw qoN v`K-ho ky
zmIn qy if`g ky nvyN pOdy nUM jnm
 imhdw
idMdIAW hn[
 ijgr
 ieh kwiek – pRjxn dI ivDI hY[
 ip`qw-koS
pRSn 96. ic`qr iv`c drswey AMg iks iksm dy hn? pirBwSw
 lu`bw idau?
 v`fI AWdr (kolwn) auqr: smjwq AMg
 CotI AWdr (kolwn)  iehnW AMgW dI rcnw qW ie`k smwn huMdI hY
 rYktm  pr iehnW dy kwrj v`Ko-v`Kry huMdy hn[
 eyns (ml-duAwr)  ijvyN: 1) pMCI dy pMK Aqy f`fU dy Agly pYr
2) mnu`K dIAW bwhW Aqy GoVy dIAW
AglIAW l`qw
pRSn 97.ic`qr iv`c drswey AMg iks iksm
dy hn? pirBwSw idau?
hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406
 auqr: smrUp – AMg pRSn 100.ikirAw: cuMbkI bl ryKwvW[
 iehnW AMgW dI rcnw Aqy gux: (1) iksy Kyqr qy cuMbkI bl ryKwvW
auqp`qI ie`k smwn nhIN dI sMGxqw, aus QW qy cuMbkI Kyqr dI
hMudI qIbrqw dy is`Dy AnupwqI huMdI hY[
 pr iehnW dy kwrj ie`k (2) do-cuMbkI bl ryKwvW ie`k dUjy nUM
smwn huMdy hn nhIN k`tdIAW[
 ijvyN: pMCIAW Aqy kItW dy pMK

pRSn 98.ikirAw: mnu`KI A`K dy Bwg Aqy ienHW dy kwrj[

a) rYtInw : 1) ies qy vsqU dw
pRqIibMb bxdw hY[
2) rYtInw iv`c pRkwS –
sMvydnSIl koiSkwvW huMdIAW
hn[jo pRkwS Aqy rMgw pRqI
sMvydnSIl hn[
b) islIAr pySI (p`Ty): 1) lYnz nUM jkVH ky r`Kdy hn[
2) lYnz dI Poks dUrI nUM bdlx iv`c mdd krdy hn[
c) do-pwsI auql lYnz: pRkwS dIAW ikrnW nUM Apvrqn qoN bwd
rYitnW qy Poks krdw hY[
d) kwrnIAw:- vsqU qoN Aw rhIAW pRkwS ikrnW , kwrnIAW iv`coN
lMG ky A`K iv`c dwKl huMdIAW hn[
e) pRSn: ic`qr 𝑩 iv`c ikhVw doS drswieAw igAw hY? ies nUM
ikvyN TIk kIqw jw skdw hY?
auqr: 1) dUr-idRStI doS
2) auql – lYnz vwlI AYnk lgwky doS
TIk huMdw hY[
3) lYnz dI Poks dUrI v`D jWdI hY
4) A`K dw fylw Cotw ho jWdw hY[

pRSn ic`qr 𝐵 iv`c ikhVw doS

drswieAw igAw hY? iesnUM ikvyN TIk
kIqw jw skdw hY?
auqr: 1) inkt – idRStI doS
2) Avql lYnz vwlI AYnk lgwky doS
TIk huMdw hY[
3) lYnz dI Poks dUrI G`t jWdI hY[
4) A`K dw fylw v`fw ho jWdw hY[

f) pRSn ic`qr iv`c ikhVI pRkwSI – ikirAw drsweI geI hY?

vrqwrw : punr – sMgTn vrqwrw: pRkwS dw vrx-ivKypx

(ic`ty pRkwS dy spYktRm dw muVH sPyd-pRkwS dy s`q-rMg huMdy
imlxw) hn[
ivigAwnI dw nw: AweIzk inaUtn
ny pqw kIqw ik sPyd pRkwS s`q
rMgW dw imSrx hY
pRSn 99. ic`qr iv`c drswey gey inXm dw nwm ilKo? ies iv`c
AMgUTw Aqy auNglW kI drsw rhIAW hn[

hrmndIp isMG fI.AYm. swieMs sMgrUr, mo: 7009102406