Coal cycle:-

In this TPP coal is used as a fuel. First of all the coal is brought from mines of coal. And it is brought
by trains. One train is having the 59-60 wagons. The capacity of one wagon is 60 ton approximately.
And on a full load 5-6 trains of coal are required in a single day. We can say that the capacity of the
plant is 350-450 ton/hour.

So the coal is unloaded with the help of wagon tippler. The whole process is done automatically.
After unloading the coal, the coal is sent into crusher house where it is broken into small pieces.
After crushing the size of coal is approximately 25mm. Then it is sent to coal mills where it is
converted into pulverised form. In this TPP, the type of mills is bowl and ball types. Then the coal is
lifted through conveyer belt and it is reached into bunker which is just like a storage device. Then it
is sent into boiler with the help of PA fan. Primary fan takes air from atmosphere and with the help
of this it pushes the coal powder into furnace. For combustion, FD i.e. forced draft fan comes into
existence. This fan is useful in combustion and its source is also the atmosphere air. Both the fan i.e.
PA fan and FD fan controls their air after passing through APH i.e. air preheater. Then the coal is sent
into chimney through flue gases. Where the harmful material from the coal dust is removed and
sucked by ID fan i.e. induced draft fan. Before entering into chimney the coal is passed through ESP
i.e. electrostatic precipitator. ESP is having the positive electrode charge plate. And the coal particle
is passed through heavily negative charged electrode so that the coal particles acquired negative
charge. And when these coal particles are passed through ESP then according to Coulomb’s 2 nd law,
opposite charges attract each other. And the whole coal particles are pasted on positive charges and
then there is a arrangement inside ESP i.e. called hammer which do hammering time by time. And
then the coal particle is sent to SILO or it is turned into slurry.

Steam cycle:-

First of all steam is generated into boiler. Boiler can be of two types i.e. fire tube boiler and water
tube boiler. After that it is sent into HP turbine where the pressure is reached high but the
temperature does not change so that it is reheated again in reheaters. The assembly in reheaters is
of coal type because as much time the steam will round the coal type water tube lines. It will acqire
more surface area to attain temperature. And now it attains temperature also and it is converted
into superheated steam which is required for further processing. Then it is sent into IP turbine where
temperature and pressure does not change too much. Then it is sent into LP turbine where pressure
is reduced and temperature is maintained as it is. Then it is sent into condenser where the heat
exchange process starts. It means that steam is converted into water and the old water becomes
hot. So the hot water gets collected into the below part of condenser i.e. known as hot well. In
condenser also the spiral type of coils are used. Because more surface area, more temperature will
be attained. Then this hot steam is sent through feed pumps into boiler again because it is prepares
with the help of demineralised water so we cannot waste it otherwise the efficiency will be reduced.
Then the water in the hot ell is sent into cooling tower where we use a natural draft system. In this
water is fell down from a height and the temperature of water is reduced. And before cooling tower
there is reservoir also which is in auto position and it is having one level switch which maintains its
level. And before entering the water into reservoir, the water is make-up. It means that the
conductivity, PH value, and insoluble impurities are to be checked. And the conductivity of this water
should be negligible.

Flue cycle:-