Density of Baree (Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801) in Ulee

Lheue beach, Banda Aceh City

R E Daulay1,4, C Octavina1,2,3, P D Qalby1

1
Departement of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas
Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
2
Marine and Fisheries Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
3
Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah
Kuala, Indonesia
4
Ocean Diving Club, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala,
Indonesia
*Corresponding author: chitraoctavina@unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract. Lingula anatina or Baree as a living fossil has an important role for
coastal ecosystems where its presence and density are rarely recorded in Aceh. The
density of Lingula anatina was carried out in the beach of Ulee Lheue, Meuraxa
District, Banda Aceh City. The purpose of this study is to provide information about
the existence of Lingula anatina to the public and the government to add to the
literature review for similar research. Sampling was carried out using a 1m × 1m
quadratic transect at each location where the Lingula anatina biota was found. The
results of this study revealed that the density of Lingula anatina in Ulee Lheue beach
was lower than the density in Ujong Pancu Beach. The density in Ulee Lheue beach
is 2.5 ind/m2 while the density of Lingula anatina in Ujong Pancu Beach is 2.89
ind/m2.

1. Introduction
Aquatic ecosystems are the largest contributor to germplasm biodiversity compared to
terrestrial ecosystems. Ulee Lheue beach is an area located in Meuraxa sub-district, Banda
Aceh City. These waters have the potential of capture fisheries resources up to reef fish,
coral reefs that live among the remnants of tsunami buildings, and high macrobenthos in
the mangrove ecosystem which visually has sandy and muddy soil types so that it is suitable
for the habitat of the phylum Brachiopods themselves which prefer habitat in the form of
decomposed black mud and sandy mud [1]. In Indonesia, information about the ecology of
ancient marine invertebrates such as Brachiopods has not been studied much.
The phylum Brachiopoda is often referred to as a living fossil because this biota is
still found today [2]. This group is also called Bivalves lophophorates which are recognized
by the characteristic combination of mineral and non-mineral morphology which are
bilaterally symmetrical coelomate organisms. Members of this phylum are found at all
depths but are most commonly found on the continental shelf and very cold waters.
According to [3], physiologically, brachiopods are members of the lophophorates group
because they have important organ structures that represent the way they consume food.

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 This species of the phylum Brachiopoda is often used as raw material for food by
the community for consumption [4]. In addition, baree also plays a major role in the food
chain cycle as primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and as
decomposers that convert organic matter into simpler elements to be reused by other
aquatic organisms.
Several studies of baree density in the coast of Aceh that have been carried out on
namely [5-8]. Baree research is still being carried out considering that this biota is an
ancient biota whose existence must continue to be considered so that the balance of nature
continues.

Material and Methods

Site and Time

This research was conducted in four locations in the northern waters of Aceh, namely Ulee
Lheue Beach in April-July 2021. Identification of lamp shells was carried out in the Marine
Biology laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala and substrate
analysis was carried out. The research location can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Research map of Baree’s sampling

Data Collection
In collecting data on lamp shells (L. anatina), several tools were used such as quadratic transects
(1x1 m), paralon pipes (5 cm diameters), machetes, plastic samples, digital cameras, thermometers,
litmus paper, refractometers, stationery, trays, tweezers, calipers, and Ohauss scales (0,0001 g),
while the materials used were samples of L. anatina, substrate, and aquadest and seawater.
Furthermore, sampling of lamp shells was carried out by purposive sampling method. The
criteria for this method are baree’s air holes measuring 1-2 cm. Biota and substrate samples were
taken using a 1x1 m quadratic transect. Then the lantern shell samples were brought to the

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laboratory to be analyzed for their type and density. It is different with water and substrate quality
parameter data, measurement of water quality, namely temperature, pH, salinity, is carried out in
situ. The substrate was taken in situ and then the substrate was analyzed ex situ. Substrate samples
were taken using a paralon pipe at a depth of 30 cm. Substrate sampling was carried out only once
at each station. After that, the substrate sample that has been taken is inserted into the sample
plastic. Furthermore, the substrate samples were marked using name paper and brought to the
Laboratory of Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala for texture of soil.
This analysis is using Wentworth (1922) methods.
The Lingula’s density and Morisita index refers to [17] using the following formula [9]:
𝑁𝑖
𝐷=
𝐴

Where, D is density index of L. anatina (Ind/m2); N is number of individuals (Ind); and A is area.

Data Analysis
The correlation between baree density and environmental parameters between stations was
determined using multivariate statistical analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis
(PCA) using the XLSTAT application. This analysis aims to present the maximum
information contained in a data matrix in the form of a descriptive graph. The data matrix
used consisted of research stations as statistical individuals (row data matrix) and bivalves
density data, and environmental parameters as statistical variables (data matrix columns)
[10].

Result and Discussion

Based on morphological identification from [5] and [11] the Lingula sp. or the baree found
in the waters of Ulee Lheue is the species Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801).
The shell shape of baree found in the Lubuk Damar mangrove ecosystem, Aceh
Tamiang is oval-ovoid with a shiny greenish color, the difference in color can be seen in
the dorsal and ventral valves. The pedicle is an elongation of the body that is brownish-
cream in color and hard. The pedicle on the Lingula anatina has a transparent layer (cuticle)
and the tip is covered by a substrate and mucus [2, 5-8] and [11] have the same
characteristics, namely a round oval shell with a shiny greenish color. The same thing
happened to Lingula found in Ulee Lheue waters (Figures 2, 3, 4, 5).

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 Figure 2. Lingula anatina [8] Figure 3. Lingula anatina [11]

Figure 4. Lingula anatina (Octavina et al.,

2021) Figure 5. Lingula anatina (this research)

The baree density on the Ulee Lheue beach shows a value that is not too much different from the
baree studies in the Alue Naga waters (Octavina et al., 2021) and Ujong Pancu beach (Agustina
et al., 2019). Literally, the existence of baree on the north coast of Aceh is only found 2 to 3
individuals in 1 m2. This indicates that the density is relatively low compared to shellfish groups
such as meat oysters [12] (Table 1).

Table 1. Comparison of baree density on the north coast of Aceh

Location Density (ind/m2)
Ulee Lheue 2.5
Alue Naga [5] 2.43
Ujong Pancu [8] 2.89

There are several factors that influence the existence of this baree, namely aquatic
environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, pH, electrical conductivity of the substrate and
the texture of the substrate (Table 2). The salinity of Ulee Lheue beach is higher than the waters
of Alue Naga, Kuala Cangkoi, and Ujong Pancu. This is presumably due to seawater intrusion
when the salinity measurement is high so that it affects the salinity value of the beach. This is also
directly proportional to the high temperature value. The high temperature will make the salt content
of the water also high. Meanwhile, the type of substrate obtained is loamy sand so that it is suitable
for the habitat of baree species which prefer habitats in the form of decomposed black mud and
sandy mud [5].

Table 2. Parameter of water Quality in Aceh northern shore

Kuala Syiah Ujong
No. Parameter Ulee Lheue* Alue Naga**
Cangkoi** Kuala** Pancu**
Temperature
1 30.5 28.3 28.3 30 33.6
(0C)
Salinity
2 20.75 15 14 30 16
(ppt)

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 3 pH 7 7 7 6 7

4 Criteria Loamy sand Loamy sand Loamy sand Sandy Loamy sand
Noted: * is research now, ** is Octavina et al., 2021

Relationship of density and water quality in Ulee Lheue beach

Baree found in each research plot along with environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, pH,
and substrate (sand, silt, clay) were associated with principal component analysis (PCA). F1 and
F2. The quality of information presented by the two axes is 32.70% and 18.97%, respectively. The
correlation between baree at each station and environmental parameters can be presented in Figure
6.
Variables (axes F1 and F2: 51,67 %) Observations (axes F1 and F2: 51,67 %)
1
3
Temperature 1
0,75 Lingula
anatina 2
0,5 9
Debu
conductivity pH
1
0,25
F2 (18,97 %)

F2 (18,97 %)
8
3 6
0 0
Salinity 10
2 5
-0,25 Pair
-1

-0,5 7
Liat -2
-0,75
4
-3
-1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-1 -0,75 -0,5 -0,25 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1
F1 (32,70 %)
F1 (32,70 %)

Active variables Active observations

(a) (b)
Figure 6. (a) Circle of correlation between variables environmental parameters (F1 and F2); (b)
distribution of stations based on habitat characteristics (F1 and F2).
In Figure 6, the pie chart of the intersection correlation between the F1 and F2 axes shows
a positive correlation between Lingula anatina or baree and environmental parameters
(temperature, salinity, pH, and substrate (sand, dust, clay). However, in Figure 6 (a) Baree or
Lingula anatina form a positive F2 axis. Temperature, dust, DHL and pH form a positive F1
axis.Similarly, salinity, sand and clay form a positive F1 axis.
Based on [13], the correlation matrix explains the relationship between existing parameters.
A correlation is stated to be positively related or directly proportional if the value is 0.50 – 1.00.
Parameters that are declared to be negatively related or inversely related if their values are in the
range of -0.50 to -1.00 and if their values are between -0.50 to 0.50 are considered to have no
significant effect, either positive or negative. Therefore, baree density and Ulee Lheue water

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quality have a positive and directly proportional influence or relationship. However, from the
variable diagram, it can be seen that baree has its own group so that the parameters that have a
large effect on it have not been found. Density of Baree's equation is directly proportional to the
state of the environment. In this study, the conditions of water quality and substrate were still
within normal limits for bare life. Infauna is more accepting of all environmental conditions
towards itself so this is one of the bioindicator characteristics of the biota [5-8].

Conclucion
The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is the discovery of the species Lingula anatina
Lamarck, 1801 from the phylum Brachiopoda in the waters of Ulee Lheue, Banda Aceh City. The
number of species found were 5 individuals with a density of 2.5 ind/m2. This value is not too
much different from previous studies. The relationship between density and water quality of Ulee
Lheue beach has a positive and directly proportional relationship.

Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the Kedaireka matching fund grant, chaired by Mr. Haekal Azief
Haridhi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

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