Section 4.

5 Indeterminate Forms and L'Hôpital’s (LH) Rule

 L'Hôpital's Rule is used to find the limits of indeterminate forms

0 ∞ Recall Sec 2.6

,
0 ∞

 Seven Indeterminate Forms: ∞ ⋅ 𝟎𝟎

∞−∞

𝟏𝟏∞ , 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 , ∞𝟎𝟎

Copyright © Na Yu, Toronto Metropolitan University;

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Summary: Methods to Find Limits

Method 1: Non-Zero denominators → Direct substitution

Method 2: Zero denominator → Simplify first! → remove zero denominator

(a) factoring
Recall Sec 2.2
(b) Multiply a conjugate for square roots
(c) Simplify a complicated fraction using common denominator

Method 3: Sandwich theorem (squeeze theorem)

Method 4: L'Hôpital’s (LH) Rule find the limits of indeterminate forms

 L'Hôpital's Rule is used to find the limits of indeterminate forms

Note1: When to use and When to stop using L’H Rule?

𝟎𝟎 ∞
 1st and 2nd Indeterminate Forms: ,
𝟎𝟎 ∞
 0 ∞
 3rd and 4th Indeterminate Forms: ∞ ⋅ 𝟎𝟎, ∞ − ∞ → convert to 0
,
∞
 5th -7th indeterminate forms(indeterminate powers) 𝟏𝟏∞ , 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 , ∞𝟎𝟎 → convert to 0 , ∞ using ln()
0 ∞