Micro-Project Report EST (22447)

To Prepare a Report on Industrial Visit

1.0 Rationale:

This project helps us understand the basic concepts solid waste, it’s management
and flora of the place visited.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

Aim: To prepare a report on Industrial Visit.

Benefits:

1) Understood about solid waste and it’s management during the modern and
ancient period.
2) Understood about decomposition process.
3) Understood the difference between grey and black water and it’s uses.

2.0 Course Outcome Addressed:

1. Develop Public awareness about environment

2. Select alternative energy resources for Engineering Practice

3. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity

4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution

3.0 Actual Methodology Followed:

1. An Industry Field Visit to More Farm, Vangani.

2. Understanding solid waste it’s management during the modern and ancient
period.
3. Identifying factors affecting nature.
4. Understanding uses of grey and black water.
5. Understanding about the extinction and decomposition.
6. Understanding flora of the place.
4.0 Actual Resources Used:

Sr. No. Name Of Specifications Qty. Remark

resource/material

1 Computer System Processor- 1 -

Intel® RAM-
16GB -64-bit
operating
system wi7

2 Notes - 1 -

3 Internet - 1 -

5.0 Literature Survey:

• Studied the notes given on the Industrial visit.

• Studied the flora and fauna of More Farms.

• Used the photographs of the visit.

6.0 Output of Microproject:

History Of Agriculture In India

Wheat, barley and jujube were domesticated in the Indian subcontinent by 9000 BCE.
Domestication of sheep and goat soon followed. This period also saw the first
domestication of the elephant. Barley and wheat cultivation—along with the
domestication of cattle, primarily sheep and goat—was visible in Mehargarh by 8000-
6000 BCE.

Agro pastoralism in India included threshing, planting crops in rows— either of two or
of six—and storing grain in granaries. By the 5th millennium BCE agricultural
communities became widespread in Kashmir. Zaheer Baber (1996)[1] writes that 'the
first evidence of cultivation of cotton had already developed'.
Cotton was cultivated by the 5th millennium BCE-4th millennium BCE. The Indus
cotton industry was well developed and some methods used in cotton spinning and
fabrication continued to be practiced till the modern Industrialization of India. A variety
of tropical fruit such as mango and muskmelon are native to the Indian subcontinent.
The Indians also domesticated hemp, which they used for a number of applications
including making narcotics, fiber, and oil. The farmers of the Indus Valley grew peas,
sesame, and dates. Sugarcane was originally from tropical South Asia and Southeast
Asia.

Waste Management
Across India, existing systems for the collection, transportation and disposal of solid
waste are mired in chaos. The problem is more acute in the urban areas, where rapidly
growing populations generate increasingly larger quantities of solid waste that urban
local bodies (ULBs) are unable to manage effectively. Improper management of solid
waste poses risks to the environment and public health.
Causes of solid waste pollution are many. Every day, tons of solid wastes are disposed
of at various landfills. These wastes come from various places such as schools, office
complexes, industrial establishments, construction and demolition activities. One of the
major causes of solid waste pollution can be attributed to various industries that
manufacture numerous products. The actual amount of waste generated may vary by
countries.

3R’s Of Waste Management:

1. Reduce means to cut back on the amount of trash we generate.

2. Reuse means to find new ways to use things that otherwise would have been
thrown out.

3. Recycle means to turn something old and useless (like plastic milk jugs) into
something new and useful (like picnic benches, playground equipment and
recycling bins).
Waste Management In Ancient India:
An elaborate sanitary and drainage system (Indus cities):

Traditional agricultural waste management technique used in India:

Raigad Fort:
Importance Of Effective Solid Waste Disposal:

The main benefits of effective waste disposal include:

• Environmental protection – from pollution or contamination.

• Money generation – companies may buy recyclable materials due to their value.
Additionally, the waste management industry creates employment
opportunities.
• Safety – irresponsibly disposed of waste can harm people.
• Exploring alternatives – where innovative solutions to waste disposal have been
found, great strides have been made i.e. composting.
• Business philosophy – as consumers become more environmentally conscious,
it is important for businesses to promote their ‘green’ strategies and
environmental promise.

The solid wastes on improper disposal affects the environment in many different ways
such as the pollution in air, water and soil and the spread of diseases like dysentery,
dengue yellow fevers and so on.

Grey Water And Black Water:

❖ Blackwater: It is the wastewater from bathrooms and toilets that contains faecal
matter and urine. Water from kitchens and dishwashers are also considered
blackwater due to the contamination by pathogens and grease. It is also referred to
as sewage or brown water and can carry disease and bacteria, both of which could
be harmful.
How to treat blackwater: biological or chemical treatment and disinfection are
required for treating blackwater. There are several accredited treatment systems
available for outdoor use.
❖ Greywater: is the wastewater that comes from sinks, washing machines, bathtubs
and showers. It contains lower levels of contamination, making it easier to treat and
process.
Recycled greywater is commonly used in irrigation and constructed wetlands – as long
as no harmful chemicals are present. Greywater that contains food particles can nourish
plants, it can also be used for washing and flushing toilets. Where water is scarce -
greywater is valuable.
How to treat greywater: it can be reused in gardens with little or no treatment through
a subsurface irrigation system to evenly spread water around in the garden. This method
is safer for untreated greywater; however all treatment recommendations depend on the
condition of the greywater.
Greywater offers an economical water source for those who do not have access to mains
or are unable to collect enough rainwater for indoor use. By reusing treated greywater
for toilet flushing you can save approximately 50L of potable water in an average
household every day.
A VISIT TO THE NURSERY:

PURPLE WATER LILY

Nymphaea ‘Purple Tropical (Water Lily)’ is a day-blooming aquatic perennial

boasting brilliant green viviparous leaves. Floating on the surface of the water, they
create backdrop for the spectacular flowers, 4-5 in. across (10-12 cm).

WHITE WATER LILY

Nymphaea Alba, the White Waterlily, ‘European White Water Lily’ or White
Nenuphar, is an aquatic flowering plant in the family Nymphaeaceae.
 The Aglaonema; Chinese Evergreen helps
to improve the air quality of indoor spaces with the
ability to filter indoor air pollutants and toxins.
Furthermore, this gorgeous leafy indoor plant
emits Oxygen, which assists in increasing
productivity and enriching health and well-being
both in living and working spaces.

LOTUS:
Nelumbo nucifera, also known as sacred lotus, Laxmi lotus, Indian lotus, or
simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in
the family Nelumbonaceae. It is sometimes colloquially called a water lily, though
this more often refers to members of the family Nymphaeaceae. Lotus plants are
adapted to grow in the flood plains of slow-moving rivers and delta areas. Stands of
lotus drop hundreds of thousands of seeds every year to the bottom of the pond. While
some sprout immediately, and most are eaten by wildlife, the remaining seeds can
remain dormant for an extensive period of time as the pond silts in and dries out.
During flood conditions, sediments containing these seeds are broken open, and the
dormant seeds rehydrate and begin a new lotus colony.Under favorable
circumstances, the seeds of this aquatic perennial may remain viable for many years,
with the oldest recorded lotus germination being from seeds 1,300 years old
recovered from a dry lakebed in northeastern China.
 EXTICTION OF VULTURES:

Of the 23 vulture species, 16 are endangered or close to extinction. The Indian vulture
has seen 97 percent of its population die off in the last 10 years.

There are several reasons why vultures are struggling, from

loss of habitat to poisoning from antibiotics used for
cattle. But the population is so sensitive, in part, because the
birds lay eggs infrequently.

A major contributing factor in declining populations of

vultures is believed to be widespread use of drugs such as
diclofenac, once commonly used as a livestock anti-
inflammatory drug. Veterinary usage of diclofenac has been
banned in India since 2006.

DECOMPOSITION OF DEAD ANIMALS:

When plants and animals die, they become food for decomposers like bacteria, fungi,
and earthworms. Decomposers or saprotrophs recycle dead plants and animals into
chemical nutrients like carbon and nitrogen that are released back into the soil, air, and
water.

CONCLUSION:
Our college had planned an Industrial Visit to Vangani , More Farms through which
we observed various aspects of the farming and waste management. It was a great
experience. We learned many ancient techniques used in India. Overall it was an
amazing experience where we learnt about solid waste & it’s management, ancient
India and the flora of that place.
7.0 Skills Developed:
1.Scheduling and time management.

2. Learnt how to manage waste.

3. Learnt about the different types of flora.

4. Research skill.

8.0 Application of Microproject:

1. Can be used for researching on solid waste & it’s management.

2. Can be used for studying the modern and ancient techniques of agriculture in India.

3. Can be used for studying the fauna of the place.

4. Can be used for studying the extinction and decomposition process.