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Adobe Scan 18-Jan-2023
Adobe Scan 18-Jan-2023
1.71205080
0 0 00 00 00 00 o0 00 00
27 200
189
343 100
1029
3462 7100
6924
346405 1760000
1732025
34641008 279750000
277 128064
3464101607 26219360000
24248711249
1970648751
1.732050807 .
We observe that the decimal representation of is neither terminating nor
repeating
Henoe V3 is anirrational number.
THEOREM 2 The sum ofa rational number and an irrational number is an irrational number.
PROOF Let x be a rational number and y be an irrational number. Then, we have to show
that (r y) is an irrational number. If possible, let (r+ y) be a rational number.
Since the diference of two rational numbers is a rational number.
+y)is a rational number and x is a rational number
(x+y)-xis a rationalnumber. =» y is a rational number.
This contradicts the fact that y is an irational number. Hence, (x+ y) is an irrational number.
THEOREM 3 The product of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number is an irrational
reumber.
PROOF Let x be a non-zero rational number and y be an irrational number. Then, we have to
show that ry is an irrational number. If possible, let aybe a rational number.
Since the quotient of two non-zero rational numbers is a rational number.
ry is a rational number and r is a rational number.
i s a rational number y is a rational number
NUMBER SYSTEM 21
1.732050807
1 3.000000000000 0000
27 200
189
343 1100
1029
3462 7100
6924
346405 1760000
1732025
34641008 279750000
2771280644
3464101607 26219360000
24248711249
1970648751
V 1.732050807 ..
We observe that the decimal representation of 3 is neither terminating nor repeating.
Hence, 3 is an irrational number.
1.6 SOME USEFUL RESULTS ON IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
Following are some useful results on irrational numbers, we state these results as theorems.
THEOREM 1 Negativeofan irrational number is an irrational number.
PROOF Let x be an irrational number. Then, we have to show that - x is also an irrational
number. If possible,let-xbearationalnumber.
Weknow that the negative of a rational number is also a rational number.
- x is a rational number
- -x) is a rational number. x is a rational number
This contradicts the fact that x is irrational. Hence,- xis an irrational number.
THEOREM 2 The sum ofa rational number and an irational number is an irrational number.
PROOF Let x be a rational number and y be an irrational number. Then, we have to show
that (r+ y)is an irrational number. Ifpossible, let (x + y) be a rational number.
Since the difference of two rational numbers is a rational number.
(x +y) is a rationalnumber and x is a rational number
(x+y)-xis a rational number. * y is a rational number.
This contradicts the fact thaty is an irrational number. Hence, (+ y) is an irrational number
THEOREM 3 The product of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number is an irrational
mumber.
PROOF Let xbe a non-zero rational number and ybe an irrational number. Then, we have to
show that xryis an irrational number. If possible, let xy be a rational nunmber.
Since the quotient of twonon-zero rational numbers is a rationalnumber.
rational number.
xy is a rational number and x is a
EXAMPLE6 Find one irrational number between the number a and b given below:
a0.1111.. =
0.1 and b=0.1101
SOLUTION Clearly, a and b are rational numbers, since a has a repeating decimal and bhas a
terminating decimal. We observe that in the third place of decimal a has a 1, while b has a
zero.
a>b
Consider the number c givenby: c =0.111101001000100001.
Clearly, c is an irational number as it has non-repeating and non-terminating decimal
representation.
We observe that in the first two places of their decimal representations band chave the same
digits. But in the third placeb has a zero whereas chas a1.
b<c
Also, c and a have the same digits in the first four places of their decimal representations but
in the fifth place c has a zero and a has a 1.