4G In-Building MIMO

IIR Barcelona

27 April 2009

Agenda
MobileAccess background

MIMO in 4G standards
MIMO vs. SISO indoor performance comparison MIMO upgrade to existing DAS Effect of indoor DAS antenna height on coverage

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MobileAccess Background
Core business = In-building wireless technology
Annual

Bank of America

growth >40% for the last 5 years

Number of employees: 150

R&D

~70, Sales & Marketing 50

Main partners and customers

MNOs:

Sprint, Verizon, AT&T, Orange, T-Mobile GE Healthcare, Cisco VARs

Gan Tower, Paris

Partners:

Large market share in active DAS in USA IP position Indoor wireless innovator ISO 9001:2001 certified Products manufactured by Sanmina-SCI

Integrated WLAN Patient Telemetry

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Hearst Tower
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Experience in All Vertical Markets

Public Venue Healthcare Enterprises

Manufacturing & Education

Education

Retail & Hospitality

Government

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Driving In-Building Evolution

Ready for 4G Enterprise

MobileAccess Industry Firsts

Medical Telemetry 600/1400 Tri-Band 900/1800/2100

Cat5 UTP Mobile WiMAX OFDM TDD 802.11a

Economical Single Operator Solution.

Proven MIMO Expertise

High Power Coverage at High Frequency Advanced Antenna Technology Tri-Band Convergence

Integrated WLAN 802.11b/g Multiple Operator Multi-Service

Single Operator Multi-Service

Broadband Antennas
Modular Service Architecture Interference Mitigation Hybrid Fiber/Coax Architecture 2008
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2002
5

4G Wireless

What make LTE and Wimax 4G? 1. Flatter IP network architecture 2. MIMO

LTE/Wimax SISO ~ HSPA

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MIMO Modes
MIMO Matrix A
Space Time Coding (STC, Alamouti)

MIMO Matrix B
Spatial Multiplexing (SM)

Data Stream A

Data Stream A

Data Stream A

Data Stream B

Enhanced Performance in Multipath

Capacity Increase

MIMO Matrix B MIMO Matrix A Optimal Switchover Point with Adaptive MIMO Signal to Noise Ratio
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Spectral Efficiency

Theoretical Capacity Increase

1x1

Relative Capacity bps/Hz

2x2

4x4
6x6 8x8

10

15

20

25

30

SNR dB

How much MIMO can you afford?

MobileAccess Proprietary 8

MIMO Evolution
Implemented in WLAN OFDM for many years

Partially implemented in TDMA/CDMA mobile today with BTS

transmit/receive diversity, maximal ratio combining (MRC), etc.

2x2 and higher forms of MIMO are part of Wimax, LTE, and

HSPA+ (3GPP Rel. 7) standards

Adaptive MIMO switching in Wimax and other standards allow

RAN to optimize performance based on dynamic SNR conditions

MIMO gain is higher in environment rich in multipath and

scattering urban microcells and mixed indoor space

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MIMO vs. SISO

Indoor Comparison

Wireless Channel Simulation

The wireless SISO channel is obtained by a 3D ray-tracing simulation, and is

represented by discrete channel taps in the time domain, each featuring a certain time delay, phase, and attenuation characteristics.
The channel is composed of up to 2X2 SISO channels

r1 h11 s1 h12 s2 n1 r2 h21 s1 h22 s2 n2

In each simulation run, a different carrier frequency is randomly selected in the

band of operation, and the OFDMA waveform using the selected carrier frequency (after IFFT) is passed through the model of the wireless channel.
No Doppler frequency shifts are assumed on the channel (stationary targets).

The receiver is assumed to have perfect knowledge of the channel, which would be realistically expected from a reasonable channel estimator working at low delay spreads and low Doppler spread.

MobileAccess Proprietary

Simulation Floor Plan

Two antenna locations and 50 test points

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Simulation Method
HISTOGRAMS for Room Number: 1
15 120 150 180 5 210 240 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 270 300

Mobile at 3m

90 50 60 25

10

30 0 330

Single link is the sum

of all the rays from TX antenna to RX antenna

DTOA[nS]
15

DOA[Deg]
120 150 180 90 50 60 25

Mobile at 1.7m

10

30 0 330

210 240 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 270 300

DTOA[nS]
10

DOA[Deg]
120 150 90 50 60 25

Mobile at 0.7m

30 0 330

180 210

240 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

270

300

DTOA[nS]

DOA[Deg]

TX

Ray 1

SISO = 1 tx + 1 rx MRC = 1 tx + 2 rx MIMO Matrix A = 2 tx + 2 rx

Ray 1

MIMO Matrix B = 2 tx + 2 rx

Ray 2

Ray 2

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Evaluate Three Zones

Hallway area

(low multipath)
Rooms with single wall penetration

Rooms with multiple wall penetration

(high multipath)

MobileAccess Proprietary

Average for All Points in Hallway

Hallway/Open Area
Bits per Subcarrier 1 1.5 2 3 4 4.5 5 6 8 C/N Threshold (dB)* SISO MIMO 2.9 -3.4 5.9 -0.3 8.4 2.2 12.1 5.9 16.3 10.8 17.4 11.9 19.1 13.6 16.2 21.9 Avg. MIMO Gain 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.5 Modulation QPSK rate 1/2, Matrix A QPSK rate 3/4, Matrix A 16QAM rate 1/2, Matrix A 16QAM rate 3/4, Matrix A 64QAM rate 2/3, Matrix A 64QAM rate 3/4, Matrix A 64QAM rate 5/6, Matrix A 2 x 16QAM rate 3/4, Matrix B 2 x 64QAM rate 2/3, Matrix B

5.9
*C/N Threshold for Given Modulation for PER <5%

About 6 dB MIMO advantage in open area with good LOS

MobileAccess Proprietary 15

Average for Points Single Wall

Single Wall Penetration
Bits per Subcarrier 1 1.5 2 3 4 4.5 5 6 8 C/N Threshold (dB)* SISO MIMO 4.5 -2.6 7.6 0.4 10.1 2.8 13.5 6.5 17.9 9.9 19 10.9 20.8 12.6 19.4 25.3 Avg. MIMO Gain 7.1 7.2 7.3 7 8 8.1 8.2 Modulation QPSK rate 1/2, Matrix A QPSK rate 3/4, Matrix A 16QAM rate 1/2, Matrix A 16QAM rate 3/4, Matrix A 64QAM rate 2/3, Matrix A 64QAM rate 3/4, Matrix A 64QAM rate 5/6, Matrix A 2 x 16QAM rate 3/4, Matrix B 2 x 64QAM rate 2/3, Matrix B

7.6
*C/N Threshold for Given Modulation for PER <5%

MobileAccess Proprietary 16

Average for All Points Multiple Wall

Multiple Wall Penetration
Bits per Subcarrier 1 1.5 2 3 4 4.5 5 6 8 C/N Threshold (dB)* SISO MIMO 9.2 -1.7 14 1.4 14.8 3.9 18.2 7.5 22.7 11.7 24 12.8 25.6 14.5 16.1 21.7 Avg. MIMO Gain 10.9 12.6 10.9 10.7 11 11.2 11.1 Modulation QPSK rate 1/2, Matrix A QPSK rate 3/4, Matrix A 16QAM rate 1/2, Matrix A 16QAM rate 3/4, Matrix A 64QAM rate 2/3, Matrix A 64QAM rate 3/4, Matrix A 64QAM rate 5/6, Matrix A 2 x 16QAM rate 3/4, Matrix B 2 x 64QAM rate 2/3, Matrix B

11.2
*C/N Threshold for Given Modulation for PER <5%

About 11 dB MIMO advantage area with multiple walls and more scattering
MobileAccess Proprietary 17

MIMO Gain Hallway/Open

9 8 7 6 5 SISO MRC 4 3 2 1 Matrix A Matrix B

Capacity (Bits per Subcarrier)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

CINR
MobileAccess Proprietary 18

MIMO Gain Indoor Multiple Walls

9 8 7 6

Capacity (Bits per Subcarrier)

5
4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

SISO MRC

Matrix A
Matrix B

CINR
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Effect of In-Building Environment

7 6 5 4 Capacity (Bits per Subcarrier) at 18 dB CINR 3 2 1

SISO MRC MIMO A MIMO B

0
Hallway - Open Less
20

Single Wall

Multiple Walls More

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Multipath/Scattering

MIMO vs. SISO Conclusions

In indoor environment, MIMO performance is significantly better

than SISO (6-11dB)

MIMO indoor capacity increase over SISO is 33% in open area,

100% in high scattering/multipath areas

With good indoor coverage design (SNR ~20dB), 6 to 8-bit

capacity per subcarrier can be achieved in most of the area (Matrix B)

The standard deviation of MIMO Matrix A is lower than SISO and

Matrix B more robust

Additional MIMO advantage expected (not included in

simulation) is capability to improve uplink C/I by 3-5 dB with beamforming

MobileAccess Proprietary

MIMO over DAS

LTE/Wimax Issues for DAS

LTE may be deployed FDD or TDD in multiple bands 700 MHz,

900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2600 MHz

MIMO is challenging for lower band CPE due to need for -wave separation between antennas MIMO will be prevalent in upper bands for range/coverage enhancement Typical CPE will have 2x2 MIMO

Passive coax solutions cannot support MIMO cost effectively

require parallel cabling

Active DAS needs low latency and good synchronization to

support TDD format for Wimax, LTE, 802.11

Future enhancements include collaborative MIMO in BTS

(combining data stream from two CPE in Matrix B MIMO) and distributed 4x4 MIMO in DAS
MobileAccess Proprietary 23

Muchssimas Gracias!

Thank You!
Keary Cannon Senior Director, International Email: kcannon@mobileaccess.com Wired: +1-703-714-7931 Wireless: +1-240-460-4652