Textile Finishing

Prepared by: Girmaye. k

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 INTRODUCTION

 Finishing is the sequence of operations, other than

desizing, scouring, bleaching, and coloring, by which fabrics
are improved in appearance and feel as well as provide
essential properties.

o Activities performed on textiles before the final

customer is called finishing.

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 Cont’d
Finishing is the integral part of the textiles processing ,
without finishing fabrics can not be sold to the desired
customer.

Fabric coming directly from the loom is unattractive. Gray fabric

To make the fabric attractive and acceptable to the

consumer several finishing processes are applied.

Textile finishing gives a textile its final commercial character

with regard to appearance, shine, handle, drape, fullness,
Finished fabric
usability, etc.
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 What is Textile finishing?

A finish is a treatment applied to a fabric, to change its:-

o Appearance, handle/ touch or performance.
o Increase the attractiveness or serviceability

oFinish includes any general treatment given to clean and iron fabrics and create

exclusive variations of them by using chemical treatments, dyeing, printing, etc.

oThe last chance to provide the properties that customers will value.
oIts purpose is to make the fabric more attractive and suitable for its end use

manufacturing.
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 Importance of Textile Finishes

 Improve the appearance of fabric and enhance its looks;

 Improve the feel or touch of fabric;
 Make the fabric more useful;
 Improve the draping ability of light weight fabrics;

 Make fabric suitable for an end (specific) use.

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Finishing treatments are basically meant to give the textile material
certain desirable properties like:-

o Softness o Crease recovery

o Luster o Antistatic
o Pleasant handle o Water repellent/ flame retardant
o Drape o Soil release
o Dimensional stability

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 Application stages

Woven, knitwear or nonwovens.

Yarn finishing, for example sewing yarn with silicones softeners and

Garment finishing

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 Classification of finishes

Finishes

Performance Degree Nature

Performance

Aesthetic Chemical
Durable
Functional Semi durable Mechanical

Permanent

Temporary
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 1. According to performance

I) Basic (aesthetic finish) or common finishes are applied to almost all the fabrics, with an
aim to improve the luster, texture, drapability,hand and surface appearance of fabrics.
is applied to increase its weight and shine.

o Calendaring,

o Fulling, mercerization,

o Raising and shearing

are also considered as finishes as they enhance the aesthetic appearance of

fabrics.

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 Cont’d
II) Functional or special finishes are applied to improve the
performance of a fabric for some specific purpose:

o Fireproof finish: prevents the burning of fabrics used by fire brigade

personnel,

o Waterproof finish: makes fabrics water repellent for making

umbrellas and Raincoats,

o Bulletproof finish: on fabric saves the people from bullets and is

generally used by defense and police personnel for their safety, and

o Crease-resistant finish: makes cotton / wool fabric wrinkle resistant.

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 2. On the basis of degree of performance

I) Temporary finishes are not durable and run off after first washing or dry-cleaning.

Many of these are renewable and can be reapplied at home.

Starching(stiffening agent used in laundry work) and

Blueing of white fabrics (dyes that have a great affinity for cotton and linen fabrics)

II) Semi durable finishes stay on the fabric surface for several washings.

Bleaching and certain dyes

used on cotton

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 Cont’d
III, Permanent finish: usually involve a chemical change in fiber structure and do not
change or alter through out the life of the fabric.

Waterproofing, fire proofing

IV, Durable finish: usually last through the life of the article, but effectiveness
becomes diminished after each cleaning; and near the end of the normal use life of
the article, the finish is nearly removed.

Permanent pleats, wrinkle resistant

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 3.According to the nature of Finish
Chemical finishes: These are also known as wet finishes.
o In these, chemical treatment is given to fabric, either to change its
appearance or basic properties.
o These finishes are usually durable and permanent.
o Examples are:-
Fire proof, crease resistance, etc.
Easy care finish and mercerization
 Water repelling finish

 Chemical finishes affect the performance of the fabric.

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 Cont’d
 Mechanical finishes: These are also known
as dry finishes. Here the process consists of
application of moisture, pressure and heat
or a mechanical device to finish a fabric.

 These finishes are either temporary or semi durable

and do not last long.
o Compacting/ shrink proofing
o Calendaring
o Raising/napping,
o Brushing
 Mechanical finishes affect the size and appearance of fabric.
o Shearing etc.
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