PROGRESS TEST 1

YEAR 1 2014/2015

GENERAL MODULE

1) The following terms and definition are correctly matched:

a) sagittal : parallel with median plane (T)

b) lateral : anterior (F)

c) frontal : coronal (T)

d) rostral : away from the side of reference (F)

e) caudal : inferior (T)

2) Regarding cytoskeleton,

a) involves endoplasmic reticulum (F)

b) it involves actin filaments (T)

c) intermediate filaments in epithelial consist of cytokeratin (T)

d) its intermediate filaments in connective tissue cell are vimentin (T)

e) it is present in the nucleus (F) 

3) Mammary glands are

a) compound (F)

b) tubular (F)

c) branched (T)

d) modified sweat glands (T)

e) merocrine (F)

4) Regarding plasma cells,

a) arise from mesenchymal cell  (F)

b) secreted immunoglobulin (T)

c) have nuclei with spoke-like appearance of chromatin (T)

d) eccentric nuclei (T)

e) have oxyphilic cytoplasm (F)

5) Myocardium has

a) intercalated discs (T)

b) striated fibres (T)

c) peripheral nuclei (F)

d) branched fibers (T)

e) triads (F)

6) Endochondral ossification is

a) typical in flat bone (F)

b) it required the development of cartilagenous template (T)

c) preceded by calcification of the cartilage (T)

d) involves development of perichondral bone (T)

e) its immediate result is development of the lamellar bone (F)

7) Regarding neurons,

a) include astrocytes (F)

b) commonly has a single dendrite (F)

c) involve pseudounipolar cell (T)

d) axon hillock contains Nissl granules (F)

e) neurotransmitter vesicles present in axons (T)

8) Regarding positive feedback mechanism,

a) maintain internal enviroment in constant state (T)

b) it involves in child birth (T)

c) it involves in controlling blood pressure (F)

d) predominantly correct the abnormal to a normal state (F)

e) it involves the development of heart failure (T)

 

9) Rate of diffusion of solutes through plasma membrane

a) is greater for lipid soluble solute than water soluble solute (T)

b) increase as the thickness of membrane increases (F)

c) increase when rate of electrochemical gradient increase (T)

d) greater for solutes higher than lower molecular weight (F)

e) increase when ATP supply increase (F)

10) Regarding K+ in nerve cells,

a) the net membrane potential is -70mv (F)

b) efflux of K+ outside the cell causes the resting membrane potential to be more negative (F)

c) net K+ efflux in resting nerve cell (T)

d) high extracellular K+ concentration reduces cell excitability (T)

e) is transported into the cell actively (T)

11) To generate an action potential in nerve cells,

a) stimulus must reach or exceed treshold (T)

b) Na+ must occur first before K+ efflux (T)

c) the membrane must be out of the absolute refractory period (T)

d) magnesium is required (F)

e) calcium channel should open(F)

12) Regarding endoplasmic reticulum,

a) it contain Cytochrome P450 oxidative enzymes (F)

b) it is posttranslational modification of protein (T)

c) smooth ER lacks ribosome (T)

d) rough ER contain enzyme that synthesize phospholipids (F)

e) smooth ER contain enzyme that synthesize steroid hormone (T)

 

13) Regarding structure of proteins,

a) primary structure : linear sequence of amino acid residue (T)

b) quartenary stucture : 3D structure folding in a polypeptide  (T)

c) secondary structure : B-sheets are stabilised by disulfide bonds (F)

d) tertiary structure : coiled protein into ball like structure (T)

e) alpha structure : covalent bonding between polypeptides strand (F)

14) Fatty acids

a) that contain double bond are called saturated fatty acid (F)

b) form glycolipid when binding to glycogen (F)

c) esterified with glycerol form cholesterol (F)

d) amphipathic molecule because of the phosphate group (T)

e) stored as triacylglycerol (T)

15) The Michaelis-Menten constant, Km

a) increased in competitive inhibition (T)

b) is the substrate concentration at half Vmax (T)

c) is proportional to substrate concentration (T)

d) high Km shows increase in the affinity of enzyme towards substrate (F)

e) decrease in low concentration of enzyme (F)

16) For a spontaneous reaction,

a) delta G is negative (T) 

b) requires an activation energy (F)

c) it is anabolic (F)

d) it results in stability of reactants (T)

e) involves aerobic respiration (T)

17) Regarding cell death,

a) autolysis is the process of splitting the fingers in embryo (F)

b) coagulative necrosis is the most commonly seen (T)

c) caseous necrosis is caused by syphilis (F)

d) cellular structure is maintained in liquefactive necrosis (F)

e) gangrenous necrosis is termed "wet" when there is a microbial infection in the necrotic tissue (T)

18) Haemostasis involves

a) platelet plug formation (T)

b) vasodilation (F)

c) conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen (F)

d) intrinsic pathway (T)

e) activation of plasminogen to plasmin (T)

19) Bacteria cell structure and its function 

a) Cell Wall   : maintains cell shape (T)

b) Capsule    : protects bacteria from phagocytosis ( T)

c) Pili           : helps in transduction (F)

d) Flagella    : organ of attachment (F)

e) Ribosome : site of protein synthesis (T)

20) Regarding bacterial growth,

a) increase in size due to water intake (F)

b)

c) is seen as colonies on solid media (T)

d)
e) during Lag phase there is accumulation of toxins (F)

21) Gene transfer by transformation in bacteria involves

a) plasmids (T)

b) transposons (T)

c) bacteriophage (F)

d) sex pilus(F)

e) cell to cell contact (F)

22) Regarding highly plasma protein bound drug,

a) tend to have smaller half life (F)

b) tend to have longer duration of action (T)

c) eiminated with zero order kinetics (F)

d) undergoes slow clearance, if actively secreted by kidney tubules (F)

e) less toxic (F)

23) Regarding pharmacokinetic parameters,

a) bioavailability is calculated by measuring the area under plasma concentration-time curve (T)

b) volume of distribution (Vd) is affected by the lipophilicity of drug (T)

c) clearance of a drug is affected by saturability of metabolizing enzyme (T)

d) half-life of a drug is inversely proportional to its Vd (F) 

e) bioavailability affects half life (F)

 
24) Plasma concentration vs time

a) the AUC is equal to the half life of the drug (F)

b) the height of the curve indicates the efficacy of the drug (F)

c)

d) AUC is not affected by the change in the dose of the drug (T)

e) AUC reduces with reduction to the extent of the absorption (T)

25) Regarding protozoa,

a) lives in or on a host as a parasite (T)

b) they are classified according to their size. (F)

c) needs 1 or 2 hosts to complete their life cycle (T)

d) they remain in external environment as cysts (T)

e) it can only be identify using laboratory test (F)

26) Regarding helminths,

a) flukes are classified according to their final habitat (T)

b) man is definitive host of Echinococcus granulosis (F)

c) enter the host by skin penetration (T)

d) Paragonimus westermani is a liver fluke (F)

e) cestodes are hermaphrodites (T)

27) Infective diseases are spread easier due to

a) social status (T)

b) iliteracy (T)

c) adequate nutrition (F)

d) poor sanitation (T)

e) implentation of known preventive strategies (F)

 
SBQ QUESTIONS

28) A 3-year old girl had a high fever due to influenza. The most important mechanism to reduce her fever is

a) peripheral vasodilation 

b) increase sweating

c) lower the body temperature set point (Answer)

d) increase respiratory rate

e) fluid absorption

29) Enzyme X catalyzes the reaction of reactants A and B that are converted to products C and D. Which of the following
best describe about the activity of the enzyme?

a) it changes the mechanism of the reaction

b) it lowers the transition state energy of the reactant

c) it decreases the activation energy of reaction (Answer)

d) increase number of reactant molecules

e) increase the rate of reaction

30) ...bacterium causing food poisoning, gram positive stain, golden-yellow colonies, beta-haemolytic. It is most likely
bacterium is

a) Bacillus cereus

b) Clostridium botulinum

c) Clostridium perfringens

d) Listeria monocytogenes

e) Staphylococcus aureus (Answer)