Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – MAIN CAMPUS

M.J. Cuenco Ave, Cor R. Palma Street, 6000 Cebu City
1st Semester Midterm 2022-2023

IE PC 212 LAB

A Company Study on Roy’s Hollow Blocks Located in

#467 Cuizon Compound, Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City.

Submitted by:

Abing, Diodalo C.
De Jesus, Elizabeth Ann I.
Malabosa, Kasandra Eliesha C.
Salinas, Harvie B.
Tampus, Rovi John A.

BSIE 2-5 TEAL GROUP

Submitted to:

Engr. Allen Mae De Leon

IE PC 212 LAB Professor

November 12, 2022

 Table of Content

Part I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….1

Part II. Company Profile…………………………………………………………………….…...3

2.1 Company Background/History……………………………………………………3

2.2 Description of Company Location……………………………………………….3

2.3 Business/Industrial Services offered in the Market…………………………...3

2.4 Market Description…………………………………………………………….........3

2.5 Product Manufactured……………………………………………………………...3

Part III. Industrial Process Description……………………………………………………….4

3.2 General Production Process………………………………………………………4

3.1 Industrial Processes (include equipment techniques, others) ….………...5

Part IV. Analysis of the Study………………………………………………………………….6

Part V. Recommendation……………………………………………………………………….7

Part VI. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...8

Part VII. Realization of the Activity……………………………………………………………9

Part VIII. Glossary……………………………………………………………………………….10

Part IX. Bibliography…….……………………………………………………………………...11

Part X. Attachments…….………………………………………………………………………12

Part XI. Pictures………………………………………………………………………………….13

 INTRODUCTION

Shelter is a human being's fundamental need. Humans first began residing

underground in caves in prehistoric times. Following that, they began building mud
walls and perfected the use of burnt clay brick masonry to incorporate the structure
into the shelter. In the Philippines today, concrete hollow blocks (CHB) are one of the
most frequently utilized walling materials. CHB walls are extremely vulnerable to
lateral loads (pushing or pulling forces from a typhoon or earthquake). Hollow blocks
have been discovered to have superior uniform quality, longer durability, a faster rate
of building, and less labor requirements than ordinary bricks.

Due to their inexpensive cost, these hollow concrete blocks are frequently
utilized in compound walls. The history of concrete begins with a sort of naturally
occurring cement that formed because of reactions between limestone and oil shale.
It was first discovered in what is now Israel and is thought to date back about 12
million years. Cement has been used to build everything from the Great Wall of China
to the Roman Colosseum.

In 1890, American architect Harmon S. Palmer created the first hollow

concrete block. Palmer patented the idea in 1900 after ten years of experimentation.
Palmer's blocks were so heavy that a small crane was required to move them into
position. They were 8 in (20.3 cm) by 10 in (25.4 cm) by 30 in (76.2 cm) in size. In the
United States, there were reportedly 1,500 businesses producing concrete blocks by
1905. These early blocks were often cast by hand, and the typical output was 10
blocks per person per hour. Modern concrete block production is a highly automated
process that may create up to 2,000 blocks per hour. A mixture of cement, sand, and
molasses are used to create concrete blocks.

There are benefits and drawbacks to using concrete blocks as a substitute for
brickwork in construction. Less cement is required in mortar joints to hold concrete
blocks together than bricks since they are larger. However, compared to bricks,
concrete blocks are more prone to movement and cracking when a foundation shifts
because of their higher moisture content and bigger size. Concrete blocks come in
two primary varieties: hollow and solid, which are both widely utilized in construction.

When stability and durability are crucial, fully solid stones are frequently
employed in paving operations. Walking on concrete with holes is not something you
should try. Boundary walls and other big constructions are constructed using hollow
blocks, which have holes that occupy more than one-fourth (and frequently more than
half) of their cross-sectional area. They are lighter because of the perforations, and
you may utilize them to pass wiring or pipes through them. Rebar can also be
inserted through the perforations for added stability.

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 During the typhoon of Odette, a lot of establishments were destroyed because
of its tremendous effect. The houses that were made of light materials were
damaged, and even the houses that were made of solid materials such as cement
and hollow blocks were not exempted. A few months ago, after Odette's strikes, most
people tended to buy household materials such as cement, corrugated galvanized
iron, and especially hollow blocks.

As a result, the demand for hollow blocks increased rapidly. Most companies
that manufactured hollow blocks increased their sales during Typhoon Odette. The
focus of this research will be on the sources of information that may be utilized to
learn more about Roy’s Hollow Blocks, such as how they are organized, what goods
and services they provide, and so on.

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 COMPANY PROFILE

Company Background/History

Roy’s Hollow Blocks is the sole proprietorship owned by Roy Tampus. Before
he started the business, he observed that hollow blocks were highly demanded by
the people, but there were few manufacturers. Eventually, the owner decided to
become one of the hollow block makers in the compound.
After its establishment in 2011, its main business was making hollow blocks.
Initially, during Odette's strike, the growth of their network was increasing rapidly due
to the demand for supply. Currently, they only have one branch and thirteen workers.
They also have 3 trucks, 1 for collecting the sand from Talamban City, and 2 for
delivery.

Description of Company Location

They only had one operating branch, which was located at 467 Cuizon
Compound, Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City. The area is large and far from the main road,
which is in front of Bankal National High School. But the manufacturing area is
located nearby, within the residential compound of the owner, Roy Tampus.

Market Description

Basically, Roy’s Hollow Blocks offers only one product, which is hollow blocks,
but it has two kinds: original and special. They deliver their products to locals,
specifically hardware stores, enterprises, and construction sites around the Lapu-
Lapu area. Also, they sell the products to walk-in customers at a price that varies
from the original price.

Market Manufactured

Roy’s Hollow Blocks operates its business every day, including holidays. The
working hours are from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. The types of hollow blocks they have are
original and special. Original Hollow Blocks are mixed with a half sack of cement,
while Special Hollow Blocks are mixed with one sack of cement and are made to
order.

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 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS DESCRIPTION

General Production Process

Producing a Hollow Block has several steps to follow:

Collecting
the main Mixing Molding Curing Deliver
component

Figure 1: Flow Chart of the Process of Manufacturing Hollow Blocks

1. Collecting the main component - The process of picking up the sand (Diorite)
from the supplier at Talamban City.

2. Mixing - The process of mixing the sand (Diorite), cement, and molasses.

3. Molding – The process of compressing the mixture into the Hollow Block Machine.

4. Curing – The process of letting the hollow blocks dry for approximately 5-24 hours.

5. Delivery - The process of transferring the products to the customer’s residence.

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Industrial Process

Manufacturing hollow blocks requires five processes, according to the

manufacturer. The first step is to gather the sand (diorite), which is the major
component utilized. They got the sand (diorite) from Talamban City; thus, it is already
processed. They moved the sand from Talamban to the production location. When
the sand is ready, the following step is to mix it. The mixing process is one of the
most important in the production of hollow blocks; in reality, it serves as a tool to
reinforce the product. A hollow block sand mixer was used to combine the
components, which included sand (diorite), cement, and molasses. With this mixer, it
is convenient for the workers to finish the mixing process in just 10 to 15 minutes.
The company has six hollow block sand mixers. In making the original hollow block, it
needs one half sack of cement, approximately 25 to 50 scoops of sand (diorite) with
the use of a shovel, and some water with molasses to mix it well. On the other hand,
in making the special hollow block, it has the same materials but differs with the
measurement of cement, which is 1 sack of cement.

Molding is the next step once the mixture has been thoroughly blended. The
hollow block machine was utilized in this operation. The firm only has one type of
hollow block machine. The size of this hollow block produced by the machine is 4” x
8” x 16”. The mixture will be transferred to the machine by the workers. Before that,
the employees will place the pallet within the machine's compressor region, where it
will act as the basis of the soft hollow block, preventing the product from deforming.
The mixture is then placed in the sand pan, and the worker begins pushing the sand
pan back and forth six times. Due to the machine's pressure and vibration, the
mixture will enter the compressor box. If the compressor box is filled, the worker will
now utilize the compressor cap to make the hollow block denser inside, resulting in a
high-quality product. The extraction lever of the hollow block machine will then be
moved downward to lift the hollow blocks out of the compressor box.

Because it is already formed, the product appears to be ready for sale, yet it is
still soft. To go on to the next phase, an angle bar was used to elevate the pallet with
hollow blocks above it since the hollow blocks were still freshly manufactured, so the
worker should hold the pallet below it so that the pallet gets pressure when the
worker transfers the hollow blocks. Then comes the curing process. Curing is the
process of regulating the rate and degree of moisture loss from concrete during the
hydration of the cement. The worker will then let it dry for 5-12 hours beneath the roof
to prevent getting wet. Finally, once the product has completely dried, it will be
delivered to the customer's home. The business produced 700-780 hollow blocks in a
single clump of a combination of the components in a single day.

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 ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY

Roy's Hollow Block produces and distributes hollow blocks in Bankal, Lapu-
Lapu City at 467 Cuizon Compound. When he was younger, the company's owner
made a remark. He remarked that in the past, a home functioned as the most basic
kind of human protection. Hollow bricks are needed while constructing a concrete
home. However, hollow blocks were in short supply in his town. Suddenly, he did not
let his observation pass without action. As a result, he decided that one day he would
become a hollow block producer.

Tampus did not hesitate when the opportune moment arrived to build the
shop near his residence, where he could work and run his business. The corporation,
which was little at the beginning, develops more and larger after years of
management. As his firm grew in popularity and size, he sought to extend the shop's
space in order to run it more efficiently and profitably. There are many machinery,
vehicles, employees, and other items to be viewed. The corporation excelled in
product development because it provided high-quality materials for consumers.

Furthermore, there are several enterprises in Lapu-Lapu City that produce

hollow blocks. Nonetheless, Roy's Hollow Block Company has an excellent
manufacturing method since they only have one product to manufacture, which
keeps them focused on their objective of producing hundreds of hollow blocks in a
single day. Furthermore, rain is the company's biggest issue. When there is a
downpour, the employees are compelled to pause the operation because the
rainwater gets caught in the manufacturing area, producing minor flooding. Hollow
blocks require the heat of the sun; therefore, they expose the goods to sunshine to
wither. Nevertheless, if they get wet in the rain, they are likely to distort and break
into pieces.

In this case, rather than moving it one by one, they should cover it with a
tarpaulin to avoid damage. This method is highly successful, but it needs further
effort to entirely mitigate the harm. Fortunately, rain has lessened the use of water in
the mixing of the materials. When it rains, the sand becomes wet, making it simpler
for the workers to mix the sand with the other elements.

They found and hired skilled people who were knowledgeable about the task.
They also have no delivery issues because they have enough vehicles to transport
everything, wherever it is in the city. Overall, the organization is excellent at
managing and processing, and from what we've observed, they've now become
successful in the business that they handle.

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 RECOMMENDATION

● The researchers observed that in the workplace there is no proper elevation. The
researchers would like to recommend that they should elevate the ground to
prevent flooding that causes the slow production process.

● Personal protective equipment is necessary to protect you from the elements and
add to your level of protection in the event of an accident or other health and
safety concerns. Thus, the researchers would want to propose implementing
proper PPE due to the risk of dealing with chemicals and machines.

● The researchers would like to suggest that the firm prioritizes employees’
health more. They might have a yearly medical examination to ensure the
safety of the employees

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 CONCLUSION

Concrete hollow blocks and bricks are becoming popular these days. These blocks are
commonly utilized in the construction of multi-story buildings, factories, and residential
buildings. These blocks are usually made from a mixture composed of Portland cement, fine
aggregates, and water. Since cement manufacturing produces carbon dioxide, which
pollutes the atmosphere, the thermal industry generates a waste called fly ash, which is
deposited on the ground and takes up a lot of space. Also, chemical industry wastewater is
dumped into the earth, contaminating groundwater. Hence, it is essential to find an
alternative binder. By producing GPC, cement manufacturing will reduce carbon dioxide
emissions and reduce pollution in the atmosphere. Furthermore, RHA is a significant
environmental concern, harming the land and the environment in which it is discharged. RHA
is now used as a partial replacement for cement to decrease the number of ash disposal
problems in the environment.

In conclusion, this study will give data and information on the utilization of RHA as a
low-cost housing material that will assist the forming of buildings, factories, and residential
buildings. Furthermore, this study's findings will be beneficial to society and the environment
as well as to the field of civil engineering, as it will provide an alternative material to the
conventional CHB since the production and transportation of raw materials for CHB in
remote areas is challenging.

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 REALIZATION OF THE STUDY

A good shelter is one of the basic requirements of humankind. We have tried

to take shelter under rigid structures for centuries for safety. With the advancement
of technology and our economic situations, we have invented and adopted newer
and safer ways to live. We can safely protect ourselves from environmental
extremities. We can reside safely inside our houses from extreme heat to
dangerously low temperatures. This is possible due to the better design of our
houses and better quality of building materials. We have modified the structural
formation of our shelter to address the growing demands and amenities which an
optimum shelter design must possess.

Hollow blocks are a relatively new phenomenon in construction in Cuizon

Compound, Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City. Still, given the superior quality and
advantages, it is expected to gradually take over the market. Roy’s Hollow Blocks
construction industry is developing rapidly; to match with it, there is no alternative to
hollow blocks despite some disadvantages it might have. We realized that we
should always choose those hollow blocks that can stand still during typhoons and
storms. We should always choose the products we think are very helpful to us.

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 GLOSSARY

Molasses – It is a component which is mixed with water because of its viscosity that will
help strengthen the durability of the hollow blocks.

Sand (Diorite) – It is one of the main components in manufacturing hollow blocks. It is

used as a base material in the construction of roads, buildings, and parking areas.

Hollow Block – The product of Roy’s Hollow Block

Hollow Block Sand Mixer – Equipment used to mix the main ingredients which are sand
(Diorite), cements, and molasses.

Hollow Block Machine – Equipment used to mold and form concrete blocks.

Shovel – it is a tool used for moving sand into the Hollow Block mixer.

Angle Bar – it is a tool used for lifting the tarima with hollow blocks above it.

Tarima - is portable platform used for moving hollow blocks that are stacked on it.

Molding - In this process, the mixed component will undergo molding through the
compressor box.

Mixing - It is the process in which you mix all the components for manufacturing hollow
blocks.

Curing - It is a process in which you will let the hollow block dry for a day.

Cement - It is a powdery substance made with calcined lime and clay. It is mixed with
water to form mortar or mixed with sand, gravel, and water to make concrete.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Construction material profiteers

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1531776/construction-material-profiteers-kick-odette-survivors-
in-the-face

DTI warns traders violating price freeze

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1163457

https://steemit.com/hive-153970/@bien/day-01-house-repair-cause-by-typhoon-odette-and-
continue-working-to-our-unfinished-house

Day 01 House Repair cause by Typhoon Odette and continue working to our unfinished
house Types of Concrete Blocks
https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/concrete-block-types

Durability of hollow blocks with shredded plastics as additive

https://repository.cpu.edu.ph/handle/20.500.12852/1149

ROY'S HOLLOW BLOCKS

https://www.philippinecompanies.com/companyprofile/516212/roy-s-hollow-blocks

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ATTACHMENTS

12
PICTURES

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