វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិពហុបច្ចកេ ច្ទ្យសកម្ពជាុ

NIPC

Microwave System
Phnom Penh, Jan-2021
 Table of Content
 Chapter 1: Basic digital communication and
System Introduction
 Chapter 2: Microwave-Radio Frequency
Propagation
 Chapter 3: Microwave Radio Transmission Link-
Network Design
 Chapter 4: Transmission Line and Antenna
 Chapter 5: Practice Microwave Link Design by
Pathloss 4.0/5.0 Tool

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Chapter 1: Basic digital communication and
System Introduction

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Objectives of Chapter 1
1- Role/Position of Microwave System in Telecommunications

2- Digital transceiver diagram block and functionality: digital modulation,

multiplexing, coding…

3- Shannon’s capacity theorem (Capacity, Bandwidth, Interference

relationship)

4- Transmission Media: Copper Cable, Radio link (such as MW), Fiber Optics

5- Transmission technologies: PDH/SDH, DWDM, IP…

6- MW transmission in Mobile Network (access and trunk network)

7- MW System: Split type, Trunk Microwave

8- Typical MW Link Configurations

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Telecommunication System

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Transmission Media
Coaxial Cable

Fiber

MUX MUX
Radio Microwave Radio
Ter. Ter.

Satellite

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Transmission in Mobile Network

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Transmission in Mobile Network

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Satellite Communications

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Microwave Network

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Microwave Communications
Antenna
4D G2
G1 Free Space Attenuation: 20 log


Range between Tx/Rx

D meters

Waveguide

Branching (filters + circulators)

Transmit power: Pe dBm Receive power: Prn dBm

Rx
Tx

Prn (dBm) = Pe (dBm) + G1 (dB) + G2 (dB) - F.S.A. (dB) - Losses (dB) (Waveguides + Branching)

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TDM-IP Microwave

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Multi-Service Transport Platform

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Microwave Configuration

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Passive Optical Network

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Transmission Technology
*. TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

- PDH: Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

European Standard: E1(2M), E2(8M), E3(34M),
E4(140M)
- SDH: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
STM-1(155M), STM-4 (622M), STM-16 (2.5G) & STM-
64 (10G)

*. WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing, i.e DWDM,

CWDM,…
20G, 40T….

*. IP/MPLS: Internet Protocol/Multi Protocol Label Switching

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Transport Network Service Bearing
TDM Technology
GE
VC4
FE
E1/T1

IP/MPLS Technology

IMA E1 Ingress node Transit node Egress node IMA E1

FE FE
MPLS tunnel
ATM STM-1 ATM STM-1

PW
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 Optical Communications
Link overview
Transmitter Receiver

Electrical Electrical
E/O O/E
Signal Signal
Optical Fiber

E/O: Electrical to Optical Converter, done by LED, LD

O/E: Optical to Electrical Converter, done by PIN, APD
Optical Fiber: SI-SM, SI-MM, GI-MM

Factor effects to Transmission distance

- Attenuation: power losses due to material impurities (dB/km)

- Dispersion: pulse spreading (ns or ps/nm.km)

- Chromatic dispersion
- Modal dispersion
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DWDM

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Telecommunication System

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 LTE System Overview
SGSN HSS
GPRS
Control plane
User plane
BTS BSC/PCU
PCRF

UMTS

NodeB RNC MME Operator

Service
Network
LTE

eNodeB S-GW
P-GW Corporate
Services
CDMA

BTS BSC/PCF PDSN/HSGW

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5G Mobile Network

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5G NSA-SA

NSA: Non Standalone LTE: Long Term Evolution

SA: Standalone EPC: Evolved Packet Core
NR: New Radio
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5G Network Slicing

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 Operator Network Architecture IN VAS
SMSC
GRX RT
GR
X IVR03
Internet, VOIP FE BGNE20 AVAYA2
MMSE/WAPGW
HLR-AUC-01 AVAYA1
IT ISPBG-RT HLR-AUC-02
FE
ISP2 Act/sb
IVR01
MD(SCCPGW)
ISP1 2GE
E1 IVR02
GRX_BG,Gi
CS
CRBT
MSS01

PS
VMS

VOIP IP NETWORK
Pay4me
SCP
SGSN
SGU
10 STM1
USSD
S-PGW Gb RT
MME MGW01 MGW02
TestBed2
3links over IP

DGU

TX BAYON
HSS

LTE
TC
TX PSTN
CAMINTEL
eNodeB
BSC
Business Support Systems

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Billing System Interface

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Billing Interface Protocol

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1G to 5G Evolution

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3GPP Organization

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Overview of Communication System

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Superheterodyne Receiver

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SDR Receiver Block Diagram

SDR: Software Defined Radio

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Digital MW Communication System

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Time and Frequency Domain

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Fourier Transform

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Fourier Transform

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Shannon limit of channel capacity

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Shannon limit of channel capacity

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How to improve the capacity?

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How to improve the capacity?

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Radio Frequency Fundamental
Basic sine waves are used to carry information by varying their frequency, amplitude,
and/or phase

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Radio Propagation-Polarization

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Radio Propagation-Polarization

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Modulation

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Microwave Spectrum

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Frequency Band Channel Arrangement

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Radio Transmission Mode

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Radio Transmission Mode-Simplex

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Radio Transmission Mode-Half Duplex

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Radio Transmission Mode-Full Duplex

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Uplink and Downlink

Cell Coverage

Downlink

Uplink

BS DL: BS--->MS
UL: MS--->BS
MS

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Time and Frequency Division Duplexing

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Microwave Link Configuration

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Microwave Link Configuration

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Microwave Link Configuration

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Microwave Link Configuration

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Microwave Link Configuration

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Fading in wireless communication

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Doppler Spread

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Fading

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Frequency Flat and Selective Fading

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Multipath Fading-Frequency Selective Fading

Flat Selective fading

Received power (dBm)

Normal

Frequency (MHz)

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Multipath Fading – Flat Fading

Up fading

Received level
in free space

Threshold level
(-30 dB)

1h
Signal
interruption

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