AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS USED IN

UNCHARTED MOVIE

FINAL PROJECT

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Final Project of Sociolinguistics Subject

Name: Suci Arthyara Larasati

Reg. Number: 1910117320001
Class: Sociolinguistics A3

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

LAMBUNG MANGKURAT UNIVERSITY

2022
 ABSTRACT

The analysis of speech acts used in the film "Uncharted" was the topic of this
study. This research revealed the various types of speech acts found in the film. The
researcher used the qualitative descriptive method because the description analysis
was done with words. The data was collected using the observation method. The
researcher chose this film because, apart from admiring the main character, the
researcher is interested in watching it. After all, according to several audience reviews
provided by IMDb, this film did not receive favorable reviews due to the storyline
presented. As a result, it was discovered that there were 55 utterances of speech acts
in the Uncharted film. They are 8 locutionary acts, 44 illocutionary acts, and 3
perlocutionary. Based on all the data above, it can be concluded that the most used
speech act found in this data was illocutionary act.

Keywords: Speech Act, Types of Speech Act

1. Introduction
Language is one of the most critical aspects of human life. It is used to
communicate with others in everyday situations. Language, whether spoken or
written, cannot be separated from human life because it plays an important role. It
requires significant things because they can extend their words and communicate
what they want. Language is also used to express feelings, ideas, and thoughts.
When a speaker makes an utterance, the speaker means something and
simultaneously performs an action known as a speech act.
Speech acts study the intended meaning of spoken and written utterances.
Furthermore, the most important aspects of a speech act are the message of the
speaker's intention so that the hearer understands a message from the speaker. A
locutionary act, an illocutionary act, and a perlocutionary act are the three parts of
a speech act. The utterance that the speaker says or performs in every speech is
referred to as a speech act. Everyone benefits from studying speech acts. The
significance of studying speech acts is understanding what message is discovered
in each utterance.
Speech acts can be found not only in real life but also in movies because it is
an art form that reflects human life. A film is a representation of reality. A film is
a work of art that is presented as a form of entertainment in the form of a series of
live images that are played to produce the illusion of a moving image. The
movie's conversation can be an excellent example of speech acts because it
represents a complicated case of speech acts to figure out what the main character
does by saying something. The dialogue between the characters is one of the most
critical events in the film.
The researcher wishes to investigate the speech act from the film
"Uncharted" in this study. This action/adventure film starring the well-known
British actor Thomas Stanley Holland, directed by Ruben Fleischer, and lasts
approximately 116 minutes. This study employs descriptive qualitative research.
The researcher then determines whether the speech act is locutionary,
illocutionary, or perlocutionary.

2. Research Question
Based on the background of the research above, the writer formulates the
statement of the research below:
a) What is the speech acts used in Uncharted Movie?
b) What are the classifications of illocutionary act used in Uncharted Movie?

3. Review of Literature
A. Speech Act
In Mu'in (2019), Dell Hymes defines speech act as the minimum of the
speech event. It is a branch of pragmatics as well as a branch of linguistics
that studies the act of asking others through an utterance. It means that the
speaker is asking the listener to do something based on what he or she has
said. As a result, the speaker must see the listener toward whom he is
heading. To understand the speaker's intention, the listener must have the
same background knowledge as the speaker. People who understand the
intended meaning have the same background knowledge.
A speech act concerns the speaker's communicative intention in
producing an utterance. It is defined by the purpose for which the speakers
use the language, for example, to make a request, apologize, and report. It
 means that the speech act is always used in daily life when speakers say
something, and the hearer knows the purpose of the speakers' says in the
communication so that it will make the best result in the communication.
Austin (1969) is acknowledged as the creator of Speech Act Theory. Austin
divided three parts of the Speech Act: Locutionary Act, Illocutionary Act, and
Perlocutionary Act.
1. Locutionary Act
Locutionary acts are actions are taken to communicate, such as
actual utterances (the particular sense and reference of an utterance).
Alternatively, the simplest definition of sense is locutionary acts, which
are the acts of speaking something.
Searle divides it into two categories: Words are an example of an
utterance act. Two locus speech acts from Austin are included in this
speech act. Refer and predict are examples of prepositional actions. This
is the third act of locution directed at Austin. This type of speech act
uncovered illocutionary and perlocutionary acts.
2. Illocutionary Act
Illocutionary acts are spoken words that have power. It has the same
meaning as people's actions when they hear something. An illocutionary
act involves saying something, making a statement or promise, thanking,
asking a question, and so on. The researcher found George Yule (2010)
gives an example "I have just made some coffee." This example has
meaning because the speaker wants the listener to know that she or he
makes coffee, but it can also be used as a statement.
Searle divides five categories for Illocutionary Act:
1) Representative
Representative means to represent the thing through utterances
that correspond to what the speaker believes. Example: “No, we
can’t.” (act of assertive)
2) Directives
When the speaker asks the hearer to do something or to change
something, such as order, command, insist, suggest, request, ask,
beg, plead, pray, entreat, permit, and advise. Example: “Don’t let it
show.”(act of forbidding), “May I talk to you, please.” (act of
requesting)
3) Commissive
The goal is to demonstrate that the speaker intends to do
something by using words like promise, pledge, threaten, or any
other words that meet the criteria of commissive. Example: “We are
never closing them again.” (act of promising)
4) Expressive
The purpose is where the speaker creates some state of affairs
by the performance of the speech act or reveals the speaker's state of
mind about a situation, such as apologies, welcome, thanks,
congratulate, console, or other expressive words. Example: “It was
an accident. I’m sorry.” (act of apologizing), “Thank you, I never
knew what I was capable of.” (act of thanking)
5) Declaratives
The goal is where the speaker brings about some state of affairs
by performing the speech act or aiming to create a change, such as
 resigning, appointing, declaring, naming, calling, defining,
nominating, and so on.
3. Perlocutionary Act
A perlocutionary act is one in which something is said in a specific
context. It represents the progress made each time in a specific context.
These acts are byproducts of communication; acts performed by saying
something, inciting someone to anger, consoling someone in distress,
and so on. It means to make an utterance with a function but not
intending to affect anyone.

4. Research Method
a) Research Design
This study employed a qualitative research design. According to
Arikunto (2010), qualitative research was conducted to describe the current
status of a phenomenon that existed at the time of the study. One feature of
this study is that there is no treatment control, as was common in
experimental research.
b) Data Collecting
The data collection method was some method that could be used to
collect data. The researcher did the following when gathering data:
1. Watching the film Uncharted in order to understand the dialogue.
2. Creating a transcription from the subtitle.
c) Data Analysis
To analyze the data, the researcher chose content analysis. Public
records, textbooks, letters, films, diaries, themes, reports, or other documents
may be used. The following steps were taken to analyze the data:
1. Identify the speech act and illocutionary act categories in the movie.
2. Diverging the data into more specific speech acts and illocutionary act
categories.
3. Interpreting the results of the speech act and illocutionary act
classifications used in the Uncharted Movie.
Finally, the results of the speech act and the classifications used in the
Uncharted Movie are presented.
5. Finding and Discussion
Based on the conversation in the movie, the researcher analyzes the speech
act used in Uncharted. Ruben Fleischer directed it, and Rafe Judkins, Art
Marcum, and Matt Holloway wrote the script. This film lasts 116 minutes, and
the writer discovered that the dominant speech act is used in this movie. So many
of the utterances or conversations in this movie are considered speech acts.
Locutionary act is 8 utterances, illocutionary act is 44, and perlocutionary act is 3
utterances. The classifications of the illocutionary act used in this movie are 44
utterances. While the dominant category in this movie is directive, the utterance
found is 23. Here are the specifications:
 Locutionary Act
1) Sam: “We’re looking for the Age of Explorers exhibit.” (speaker)
Nate: “(He listen and doesn't replay what Sam’s said.) (hearer)
2) Sam: “Lost. Not gone. There’s a difference. If something’s lost, it can be
found. But lucky for us, we got pirate blood in our veins.
Descended from Sir Francis Drake himself. At least, that… was
what Mom and Dad used to say.” (speaker)
Nate: “(He listen and doesn't replay what Sam’s said.) (hearer)
3) Sully: “These people can tell a fake when they see one, all right? You have
to believe the lie you’re selling. You belong here. You’re one of
them.” (speaker)
Nate: “(He listen and doesn't replay what Sully’s said.) (hearer)
4) Sully: “It’s not flirting, all right? Not with you. That is Jo Braddock. You
ever see her coming, you need to run the other way. I’m serious.”
(speaker)
Nate: “(He listen and doesn't replay what Sully’s said.) (hearer)
5) Sully: “Don’t touch your ear like that. You look like an idiot. Get a move
on.” (speaker)
Nate: “(He listen and doesn't replay what Sully’s said.) (hearer)
6) Nate: “Look, if that’s the cathedral, then these must be the stairs, and they
lead…” (speaker)
Sully & Chloe: “They listen and didn’t replay what Nate’s said.) (hearers)
7) Nate: “You said that money changes people… makes them greedy, makes
them selfish… but you know what I think? I think that’s just who
you are. I don’t think there was ever a better version of you. And
whatever this is… now I’m done.
8) Sully: “You’re still harboring feelings for that girl who knocked you on
your ass, huh? Wow.”
Nate: (He listen and doesn't replay what Sully’s said.) (hearer)
Based on the preceding example, it is clear that the locutionary act
utterance or conversation is simply a genuine message from the speaker, and
the hearer did not react to what the speaker said. All of the utterances in this
film that belong to the locutionary act had the same condition: when the
speakers said something, the hearer just stayed and listened to them.
According to the examples above, the hearer had no intention of reply what
the speaker said.

 Illocutionary Act
1) Sam: “All right, smart guy. Who’s this?”
Nate: “Too easy. Ferdinand Magellan. First guy to sail around the world.”
2) Nate: “And how am I supposed to kill the power?”
Sully: “Well, shit, that’s up to you. I mean, you got to bring something to
the equation. I’m not cutting you in for fun.”
3) Chole: “Thoughts, altar boy?
Nate: “Caelum.” That’s, um, Latin for “heaven.” Says in the journal,
“Trust in your fellow man, for one shall go to heaven, the other to
hell.” So, if heaven’s up there, then hell has to be around here
somewhere. I hope.”
4) Nate: “Hey, Sully, you still up there?”
Sully: “I’m here. What do you got?”
Nate: “Not much. It’s dark as hell in here.”
In the preceding examples, the speaker attempts to convey what they
want or want to say. When the speakers want to hear the hearers' explanation
and the hearers are explaining something. When the hearers say things like
the utterances above, they want to respond to the other speaker's words.

 Representative
1) Nate: “Hey, how was last night?”
Goldie: “Great.”
Nate: “Yeah, he was cute?”
Goldie: “Very cute.”
2) Nate: “Are you okay?”
Chloe: “Yeah, yeah.”
The utterance above reveals as a claim because when the speakers
said something. Then the hearers replied. It can be explained that when
the speaker are asking about the condition of the hearers, and the hearers
state their conditions.

 Directives
1) Nate: “Help! I’m falling!”
2) Sam: “Hey, hey. Keep it down.”
3) Sully: “All right, let’s just split up and figure out where the keys go,
huh?
4) Sully: “Hey. Come on, open it up.”
5) Braddock: “Find the other two.”
6) Braddock: “Hand it over, Victor.”
7) Chloe: “See if you can find anything up there.”
8) Nate: “Throw your key down!”
9) Chloe: “Give me a lift.
10) Sully: “So, what are you waiting for? Open them up and get the
gold.
11) Chloe: “Pick up the map and give it to me.”
12) Nate: “Just put the gun down.”
13) Nate: “Chloe, please tell me what happened to my brother.”
14) Nate: “Oh, Sully, will you please just stop trying to play me for like
five minutes?”
15) Sully: “This is not the place to pick a fight, okay? I’m trying to
protect you. Put one of these on. Let’s go now.”
16) Nate: “Hold on. Hold on!”
17) Nate: ”Come with me. I know where to go.”
 18) Baddrock: “Find the gold. If you see Sully, do not let him open that
mouth of his. Kill him and Drake on sight.”
19) Baddrock: “Be careful, gentlemen. These ships are worth a fortune
on their own. You put a hole in my boats, I put a hole in
you.”
20) Nate: “Okay, you go to go hijack that helicopter.”
21) Sully: “You got to do something.”
22) Nate: “Sully, will you please just shut up? I’m working on it.”
23) Sully: “Hey. Put ’em down, boys. Nice and slow.”
As seen in the examples above when the speakers state their
uttarances, they indicate as a giving command to the hearers, and the
hearer is following what the speaker said. Those utterances are giving
the command to the hearers who are directly doing what the speakers
said.

 Commissive
1) Sam: “Nate! Come on. I got you.”
2) Sam: “I’ll come back for you, Nate. Promise.”
3) Nate: “You can trust me.”
4) Sully: “Hang on, kid. I’m-a get us out of here.”
5) Sully: “Nate! Come on! Trust me.”
6) Sully: “I got you, kid. I got you. Come on.”

Based on the examples above, it can be seen that when the speakers
state those utterances to the hearers for making sure that the hearers trust
them. Most of the utterances above show that the speaker undertakes to
do something by expressing an intention such as promise.

 Expressive
1) Nate: “Oh, my God, I’m so sorry! That was purely reactive.”
2) Sully: “You asked for that.”
Nate: “Thank you.”
3) Chloe: “I’m sorry, Nate. I like you. I really do.”
4) Sully: “But look around, kid. You did this. He’d be proud of you.”
5) Sully: Positive reinforcement. Thanks.”
6) Nate: “Hey. I just wanted to say thank you for what you did for me
back there.”
7) Nate: “You got a heart of gold, Sully.”
8) Bad man: “You’re late.”
Nate: “Sorry about that.”
The example of expressive above bring about some state of affairs
by the more performance of the speech act or reveal the speaker's state of
mind about a situation such as apologies, thanks, congratulate, console,
or other words that match with expressive.

 Declaratives
1) Sully: “I flew helicopters. I was preserving some artifacts from a
museum in Baghdad. I was over the max load weight, crashed
pretty hard. They got all upset, kicked me out.”
Based on the speaker statement above, the purpose is the speaker
 brings about some state of affairs by the more performance of the speech
act or aim to create a change such as resign.

 Perlocutionary Act
1) Sully: “Hey, kid. What took you so long?”
Nate: “So, when do we start?”
2) Nate: “Hey. You surprised to see me?”
Sully: “Well, you proved yourself again, kid.”
3) Sully: “Oh, yeah? Look at that. Now you know why I brought him.”
Chloe: “Hmm. Okay. Good work.”
When the speakers are saying something, then the hearers directly move
and do what the speakers’ want. When the speakers said something and the
hearers are giving reactions, there the hearers are giving a happy reaction,
and the speakers are receiving a good response from the hearers.

6. Conclusion and Suggestion

1) Conclusion
In this action-adventure movie released on February 16, 2022, and
directed by Ruben Fleischer, there are 55 utterances found in this movie,
which is the result of kinds of speech acts. Locutionary act is 8 utterances,
perlocutionary act is 3 utterances, and illocutionary act is 4 utterances.
In illocutionary act, the researcher found five categories for Illocutionary
Act. Representative 2 utterances, directives 23 utterances, commisive is 6
utterances, expressive is 8 utterances, and declarative 1 utterance.
The classification of the illocutionary act is dominant in this movie
which is directives with 23 utterances because this movie is an action-
adventure movie in which most of the utterances give an order to someone
for doing something.
From all the research analysis and findings above, it is essential to know
about the type of speech act. This research can classify the type of speech act
in the Uncharted movie. The finding reveals that the characters played like to
tell their speech act through the utterance. As a result of this research, it
contains locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts. The
reason was also different based on the speech act that they used.
2) Suggestion
Hopefully, the readers will understand how English is used, particularly
in linguistics, which has become an essential part of English. It can help the
next researcher who wants to conduct similar research as the researcher
before about linguistics, particularly in the speech act. Furthermore, this
research is expected to serve as a resource for those interested in the speech
act. This research still needs some theory, so another researcher can look into
additional sources to expand their research.
 References

Arikunto, Suharsimi. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek.

Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
Brown, Gillian and Yule, George. (1996). Analisis Wacana. Jakarta: PT
Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Mu’in, Fatchul. (2019). Sociolinguistics: A Language Study in Sociocultural
Perspectives. Study Program of English Language Education, Department of
Language and Arts Education, Lambung Mangkurat University.
Searle, John R. (1975). Expression and Meaning: Studies in Theory of Speech
Acts. London: Cambridge University Press.