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Conical Frustum:
Suppose that the given right circular cone of radius
Rand height h is cut by using a plane that lies
parallel to the base of the given cone. Then, the
resulting three-dimensional shape is that of a conical
frustum with tp radius equal to r, such that r < R.
Note that the plane that cuts the given cone lies
within the height h.

Answer and Explanation: 1

Consider a right circular conical frustum with the
lower radius b and the upper radius a. Let the height
of the cone, from which the conical frustum is
obtained, be h = cb.

The fixed volume of the given frustum is

V-e-o').
The surface area of the given frustum is
A =m ( -a?) V1++ ma?. Notethatthe
objective of the given problem is to find the minimum
surface area A for the given constant volume V
Introduce a Lagrange multiplier A and construct the
following Lagrangian function:

(a,b, c A) = r ( - a?) V1++Ta?- Age (* - ' )

To compute the required gradient of the Lagrangian

function, find the following partial derivatives:

fa (a, b,c; ) = mcha? - 27Ve+la + 2ma

f (a, b,c; A) = 27Ve+16- rcAb

(-a*)
fe (a, b,c;A)="
e
T (6-a)A
Vc2+1 3

Equate the obtained partial derivatives to 0 and

obtain the following stationary point (a0, bo, co) and
the value of the Lagrange multiplier A:
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fa (a, b, c; A) =0
mcAa - 2Ty¢+ la+2ma = 0

2 y + 1 a - 2a = cAa2

fo(a,b, e; A) = 0
2y+1b = cAb

fe (a,b, cz A) = 0

(-a)c(-a) A
3
V+1

44 16 3V
ao
63/7 63 V
bo
13
126
44
637 V 7
3V
14+8V7
Co
9

A=
4m(2+
3V
Use the obtained values of the dimensions of the
conical frustum to find its minimum surface area
when the volume is V.

A =
2 T

4.16

4.03V
Therefore, the minimum surface area of a conical

frustum with volume V is A 4.03V