Life Science Journal 2014;11(8s) http://www.lifesciencesite.

com

Comparative characteristics of standard welding electrodes and welding electrodes with the addition of
nanopowders

Sergey V. Makarov, Elena V. Gnedash and Vyacheslav V. Ostanin

Yurga Institute of Technology (Branch) of National Research, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Leningradskaya str.,
26, Yurga, Kemerovo region, Russia

Abstract. This article presents the comparative performance of standard welding electrodes and electrodes of the
same, but with the addition of nano-structured materials. The dependence between the amount of injected
nanopowder and mechanical properties of the resulting weld is been described. There is shown the obtained
mechanical properties and chemical composition of the weld metal formed by welding electrodes using nanosized
materials.
[Makarov S.V., Gnedash, E.V. Ostanin V.V. Comparative characteristics of standard welding electrodes and
welding electrodes with the addition of nanopowders. Life Sci J 2014;11(8s):414-417] (ISSN:1097-8135).
http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91

Keywords: liquid glass, nanopowder, welding electrodes, manual arc welding, cavitation, mathematical relationship

Introduction broken and vaporous cavities appear. This

Welding electrodes type MP3.
Coated welding electrodes are designed for
manual arc welding of metal structures of different
steels, metals and alloys, for surfacing layers with
special properties on the surface of parts and
assemblies, as well as arc cutting and gouging metal.
[5]
Coated electrodes have a number of
important functions:
 supply the electric current to the arc
gap;
 ignite the arc and move it into the
space;
phenomenon is called cavitation. When the local
pressure of the liquid at a certain point falls below the
value of corresponding to the saturation pressure at
the given ambient temperature, then the liquid moves
into another state and forms, void cavities, called
cavitation bubbles "[7,8,9].
Data on changes in the module are shown in
the graph (see Figure 1). Data on the change in
viscosity are shown in the graph (see Figure 2). Data
on changes in density are shown in the graph (see
Figure 3).
3,35

 govern the current mode of the 3,3

welding process; 3,25

 melted base and filler metals; 3,2

 form the weld pool; 3,15

 form a weld required geometry and 3,1

quality [10]. 3,05

3
As mentioned in [1,2,3,4,6], the essence of 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%

the experiment was as follows: in the water glass

with a modulus of 3.13, a viscosity of 0.604 Pa s and
Figure 1. The dependence values of the modulus
a density of 1.433 g / cm ³ add nanopowder of
on the percentage of the nanopowder in the liquid
complex composition (Al2O3, Si, Ni, Ti, W) with
glass
nanoparticles with a size of 25 nm and a purity of
99.91% in an amount of 1.0% by weight of liquid
As it comes clear from this one and the
glass. Introduction of the nanopowder in the liquid
following graphs, the effect of nanopowder on liquid
glass is produced by mechanical-cavitation
glass in which it is attended is determined by the
installation for 2 minutes at a temperature of 30-35 º
threshold of 7%. If you exceed this threshold of
C. Let’s consider the change in the modulus, the
concentration nanopowder, all the studied
viscosity and density based on the amount of
characteristics of liquid glass stop changing and fixed
insertion of the powder.
at a certain level.
"When fluid under pressure is below the
threshold (tensile stress), then the integrity of its flow

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 Life Science Journal 2014;11(8s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com

0,7 30

0,6 29

0,5 28

0,4 27

0,3 26

0,2 25

0,1 24

0 23
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%

Figure 2. Dependence of viscosity values on the Figure 5: Dependence of δ5,% on % of the

percentage of the nanopowder in the liquid glass nanopowder in the liquid glass

1,435 250

1,43 200

1,425 150

1,42 100

1,415 50

1,41 0
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%

Figure 3. The dependence density values on the Figure 6. Dependence of KSU, J / cm ² on % of the
percentage of the nanopowder in the liquid glass nanopowder in the liquid glass

Welding electrodes UONY 13/45.

Next let’s consider the effect of nanopowder
attended in the liquid glass on the mechanical
properties of the weld metal. Figure 4 shows the
dependence of σv, N / mm ² on the concentration of
the nanopowder in the liquid glass, in Figure 5 - the
dependence of δ5 % on the concentration of the
nanopowder in the liquid glass, and finally, Figure 6 -
the dependence KCU, J / cm ² on the concentration of
the nanopowder in the liquid glass.
510
Let’s carry out a similar experiment with the
other electrodes. Let’s take welding electrodes
UONY 13/45 and consider the effect of nanopowder
attended to the liquid glass on the mechanical
properties of the weld metal when using these
electrodes. Figure 7 shows the dependence of σv, N /
mm ² on the concentration of the nanopowder in the
liquid glass, Figure 8 - the dependence of δ5,% on the
concentration of the nanopowder in the liquid glass
and, finally, Figure 9 - dependency of KCU, J / cm ²
on the concentration of the nanopowder in the liquid
glass.

500
420
490 410
400
480 390
380
470
370

460 360
350
450 340
330
440 320
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%

Figure 4. Dependence of σv, N / mm ² on % of the Figure 7. Dependence of σv, N / mm ² on % of the

nanopowder in the liquid glass nanopowder in the liquid glass

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 Life Science Journal 2014;11(8s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com

31
- the dependence of KCU, J / cm ² on the
30
concentration of the nanopowder in the liquid glass.
29

28 33
32
27
31
26 30
25 29
28
24
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 27
26
25

Figure 8. Dependence of δ5,% on % of the 24

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%
nanopowder in the liquid glass

300 Figure 11. Dependence of δ5,% on % of the

250
nanopowder in the liquid glass
200
300
150
250
100
200
50
150
0
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 100

50

Figure 9. Dependence of KCU, J / cm ² on % of 0

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%
the nanopowder in the liquid glass

As it seen from the graphs, they also fully Figure 12. Dependence of KCU, J / cm ² on % of
confirm the presence of a threshold concentration of the nanopowder in the liquid glass
seven percent when attending nanopowder to the
liquid glass. As it seen from the graphs, they also fully
confirm the presence of a threshold concentration of
610 seven percent when attending nanopowder to the
600 liquid glass.
590
580
570 Conclusion
560 It has been found that the mechanical
550
540
properties of the weld metal made by the welding
530 electrodes, with the addition of nanostructured
520
materials is higher than for standard electrodes
510
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% without the addition of a nanopowder .

It was also found that the properties of the

Figure 10. Dependence of σv, N / mm ² on % of the weld metal stop growing when added more than 7 %
nanopowder in the liquid glass of nanopowder . From that it was concluded that the
amount of 7% is the threshold , i.e. it is no need to
Welding electrodes Lincoln attend more of the nanopowder in the welding
Let’s repeat the same experience with electrode, because it will not increase the weld
welding electrodes brand of Lincoln. Let’s consider quality indicators , and will only increase the cost of
the effect of nanopowder attendeded to the liquid manufacturing of the electrode.
glass on the mechanical properties of the weld metal
when using these electrodes. Figure 10 shows the
dependence of σv, N / mm ² on the concentration of
the nanopowder in the liquid glass, Figure 11 - the
dependence of δ5,% on the concentration of the
nanopowder in the liquid glass, and finally Figure 12

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 Life Science Journal 2014;11(8s)
Corresponding Author:
Dr. Makarov Sergey V.
Yurga Institute of Technology (Branch) of National
Research, Tomsk Polytechnic University
Leningradskaya str., 26, Yurga, Kemerovo region,
Russia
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