SELF- INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS

MATHEMATICS Grade 8 – Regular

School Teaching Dates/ March 29 -31, April 1-2 2021

Week (Week 7)

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL

Teacher Quarter Third

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS TEACHERS

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of axiomatic structure of
geometry and triangle congruence
B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity
in formulating, investigating, analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving
congruent triangles using appropriate and accurate representations.
C. Learning Competencies
The learner applies triangle congruence to construct perpendicular lines and angle
bisectors (M8GE-IIIi-j-1).
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. define and illustrate isosceles triangle;
2. state and verify the different theorems on isosceles triangle
a. Isosceles Triangle Theorem
b. Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem
3. differentiate perpendicular bisector with angle bisector; and
4. use the following theorem in a two column proofs
a. Isosceles Triangle Theorem
b. Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem
c. Perpendicular Bisector Theorem and its Converse
d. Angle Bisector Theorem and its Converse

II. CONTENT
Applying Triangle Congruence to Construct Perpendicular Lines and Angle
Bisectors
Learning Resources
A. References
“Mathematics Learner’s Module (Grade 8)” pages 364 - 366
by: Abuzo, Emmanuel P. et.al. DepEd-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat
“Exploring Math 8” pages 381 – 391
by: Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O.
“Grade 8 Mathematics: Patterns and Practicalities” pages 375 - 383
by: Gladys P. Nivera, Ph.D
“e-math 8” pages 365 - 378
by: Oronce, Orlando A. et.al.
“Worktext I Geometry” page 137
by: Ferdinand C. Pascual

B. Other Learning Resources

www.quipper.com

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III. PROCEDURES

DAY 1

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

How are you today? Did you enjoy your weekend?
Before we continue with our lessons for this week, let us try to recall about proving right
triangle congruence.

The right triangle is a triangle which one of its angles is a right

angle (right angle measures exactly 90° ). The side of a right
triangle opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse, the
longest side of a right triangle. The remaining two sides are
called legs.

The different congruence theorems on right triangle

The LL Theorem (Leg-Leg Theorem) - If two legs of a right

triangle are congruent to the corresponding legs of another
right triangle, then the two triangle are congruent.

The L-A Theorem (Leg-Acute Angle Theorem) - If a leg and an

adjacent acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding leg and an adjacent acute angle of another rright
triangle, then the two right triangles are congruent.

Hypotenuse- Acute (Hy-A) Angle Theorem - If the hypotenuse

and an acute angle of a right triangle are congruent to the
hypotenuse and an acute angle of another triangle, then the
two triangles are congruent

The Hypotenuse - Leg Theorem (Hy-L Theorem)-If the hypotenuse

and leg of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding
hypotenuse and leg of another, then the two triangles are
congruent.

Try on your own. Write your answers in your notebook.

Complete the following proof by supplying the necessary statement and reason.

Given: ∆ ABD∧∆ ACD are ¿ triangles

D is the midpoint of BC .

Prove: ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ ACD

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1.∆ ABD∧∆ ACD are ¿ triangles 1.
2. AD ≅ AD 2.
3. 3.Given
4. 4.Definition of Midpoint
5. ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ ACD 5.

Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to page 108 for the key to
correction. How many correct answers did you get? 5 Very Good
Rate your result using the table on the right. 4 Good
3 Fair 95

0-2 Try Again 

If your score is at least 3 out of 5, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion.

B. Presenting
examples/instances of the
new lesson
Now, let us study another type of triangle.
The Isosceles Triangle.
An isosceles triangle is a triangle with
two equal sides. In an isosceles
triangle that has exactly two equal
sides, the equal sides are called legs
and the third side is called the base. The angle included by the legs is called the vertex angle
and the angles that have the base as one of their sides are called the base angles. (See the
figure on the right). An isosceles triangle therefore has both two equal sides and two equal
angles.

DAY 2

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

You just define what an isosceles triangle is and its congruent parts.

Let us now study the theorems under isosceles triangle.

The Isosceles Triangle

Theorem

If two sides of a triangle are

congruent, then the angles If PR ≅ PO , then ∠ R ≅ ∠ O .
opposite them are also
congruent.

The Converse Isosceles

Triangle Theorem

If two angles of a triangle are

congruent, then the sides If ∠ R ≅ ∠O , then PR ≅ PO .
opposite them are also
congruent.

Let us find out how we can apply the Isosceles Triangle Theorem and its converse in answering
the following problems.

Example 1: In isosceles ∆ PRO with base RO , m∠ R=4 x−15 and m∠ O=2 x +25. Find the
measure of the base angles.

Solution: m∠ R=m∠O The Isosceles Triangle Theorem

4x – 15 = 2x + 25 Substitution
2x = 40 Addition Property
2 x 40
= Simplify
2 2
x = 20 value of x

Now replace x with 20 in the expression that represents each base angle.

m∠ R=4 x−15 Given m∠ O=2 x +25 Given

m∠ R=¿ 4(20) – 15 Substitution m∠ O=¿ 2(20) + 25 Substitution
m∠ R=¿ 80 – 15 Simplify m∠ O=¿ 40 + 25 Simplify
m∠ R=¿ 65 m∠ O=¿ 65 96
 ∴ m∠ R=m∠O

Now try on your own. Answer the next Example in your Math notebook.

Example 2: In isosceles ∆ ABC with base BC , m∠ B=3 x −18 and m∠ C=2 x +17. Find the
measure if the base angles.

You should get x = 25, m∠ B=57and m∠C=57 .

Example 3: Find the length of each side of ∆ RAM . Figure

Solution: RM ≅ RA Converse of Isosceles Triangle

RM = RA Definition of Congruent Segment
2x – 3 = x + 5 Substitution
x=8 Addition Property

Now replace x with 8 in the expression that represent each side.

RM = 2x – 3 Given RA = x + 5 Given
RM = 2(8) – 3 Substitution RA = 8 + 5 Substitution
RM = 13 RA = 13

MA = x – 3 Given
MA = 8 – 3 Substitution
MA = 5
Now try on your own. Answer the next Example in your Math notebook.

Example 4: Find the length of each side of ∆ LET .

Figure

You should get LE = 29, LT = 29 and ET = 10.

Now let us have writing proof using Isosceles Triangle

Theorem and its converse.

Example 5:
Given: ∆ BER is isosceles with base BR ;
BD ≅ RD
Prove: ∆ BED ≅ ∆ RED
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∆ BER is isosceles with base BR 1. Given
2. BE ≅ ℜ 2. Definition of Isosceles Triangle
3. ∠ B ≅ ∠ R 3. Isosceles Triangle Theorem
4. BD ≅ RD 4. Given
5. ∆ BED ≅ ∆ RED 5. SAS Postulate

Example 6:
Given: ∠ 3 ≅ ∠ 4 and BM ≅ EA
Prove: ∠1≅∠2

Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
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 1. ∠3 ≅ ∠ 4 1. Given
2. BM ≅ EA 2. Given
3. ∠5 ≅ ∠ 6 3. VAT
4. ∆ BSM ≅ ∆ ESA 4. SAA Theorem
5. BS ≅ ES 5. CPCTC
6. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 2 6. Isosceles Triangle Theorem

DAY 3

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

For today’s lesson, we shall have another theorem to study.

Remember that the distance between a point and a line is the length of the perpendicular
segment from the point to the line.

Let us find out how we can apply the Angle Bisector Theorem and its Converse in answering
the following problems.

Example 1: Given the figure, find the measure of DC .

Solution:

DC = BC Angle Bisector Theorem

DC = 8 Substitution

Example 2: Given the figure, find the measure of EF

Solution:
EF = GF Angle Bisector Theorem
x+2=6
x + 2 + (-2) = 6+ (-2) SPE
x=4 Simplify
So EF = x + 2
EF = 4 + 2 Substitution
EF = 6 Simplify
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Now try on your own. Answer the next Example in your Math notebook.

Example 3: Given the figure, find the measure of IV

You should get IV = 21.

If you got the correct answer, you may proceed to example 4.

If not, I’m sorry but you have to go back to example 1 and try again.

Example 4: Find the measure of ∠ ARL given that m∠ ARN =60 ° .

Solution:
Since AL = NL, AL⊥ ⃗
RA and NL⊥ ⃗
RN ,
⃗
RL bisects ∠ ARN by the Converse of the Angle
Bisector Theorem

1
So m∠ ARL = (60° ¿= 30°
2
Example 5: Given the figure, find m∠YAS .

Solution:
Since JS = YS, JS ⊥ ⃗
AJ and YS ⊥ ⃗
AY ,
⃗
AS bisects ∠JAY by the Converse of the Angle Bisector
Theorem.

m∠ YAS=m∠ JAS Definition of Angle Bisector

4x + 2 = 3x + 14 Substitution

4x + (-3x) + 2 = 3x+ (-3x) + 14 SPE

xx++22+=(-2)
14 = 14 + (-2) Simplify
SPE
x = 12 Simplify

So m∠ YAS=¿]°

= [4(12) + 2]°

= (48 + 2)°

m∠ YAS = 50°

Example 6: Given that m∠ LVO = 40°, find m∠OVE .

Solution:
m∠ LVO +m∠ LVE=m ∠OVE Angle Addition
Postulate

m∠ LVO=m∠ LVE Definition of Angle Bisector

m∠ LVO +m∠ LVO=m ∠OVE Substitution

40° +40° = m∠OVE Substitution

80°= m∠OVE Simplify

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Now, try on your own. Answer the next Example in your Math notebook.

Example 7: Find the measure of ∠ RCE given that m∠ ACE=100 ° .

You should get m∠ RCE=50 ° .

If you got the correct answer, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I’m
sorry but you have to go back to example 4 and try again.

Now let us have the proof of Angle Bisector Theorem.

Example 8:
Given: ⃗
BD bisects ∠ ABC ,
BA ⊥ AD and ⃗
⃗ BC ⊥ CD
Prove: AD ≅CD

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. ⃗
BD bisects ∠ ABC , Given

BA ⊥ AD and ⃗
⃗ BC ⊥ CD

2. ∠ ABD ≅ ∠CBD Definition of angle bisector

3. ∠ DABand ∠ DCB are right angles Definition of perpendicular lines

4. BD ≅ BD Reflexive Property

5. ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ CBD AAS Congruence Theorem

6. AD ≅CD CPCTC

At this point, let us have the proof of the Converse of Angle

Bisector Theorem

Example 9:
Given: ED ≅ FD, such that ED and FD are the
AB and ⃗
shortest distance to ⃗ AC .
Prove: ⃗
AD bisects ∠ BAC

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. ED ≅ FD , such that ED and FD are the Given

AB and ⃗
shortest distance to ⃗ AC

2. ED ⊥ ⃗
AB , FD ⊥ ⃗
AC Shortest distance from a point to a line is
perpendicular

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 3. ∠ AEDand ∠ AFD are right angles Definition of perpendicular lines

4. ∆ AEDand ∆ AFD are right triangles Definition of right triangles

5. AD ≅ AD Reflexive Property

6. ∆ EAD ≅ ∆ FAD HL Theorem

7. ∠ EAD ≅∠ FAD CPCTC

8. ⃗
AD bisects ∠ BAC Definition of angle bisector.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Triangles play a key role in relationships involving perpendicular bisector and angle bisectors.

Perpendicular Bisector

A perpendicular bisector is a special kind of segment, ray or line

that
(1) intersects a given segment at a 90º angle, and
(2) passes through the given segment’s midpoint.

Segment CD is the perpendicular bisector of segment AB.

We derive two important theorems from the characteristics of perpendicular bisectors. We can
use these theorems in our two-column geometric proofs, or we can just use them to help us in
geometric computations.

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Let us now find out how we can use the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem and its Converse in
answering the following examples.

Example 1: Applying the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem and Its Converse

Find the measure of MN.

Solution:

MN = LN ⊥ Bisector Theorem

MN = 2.6 Substitution

Example 2:

Given that DE = 20.8, DG = 36.4, and EG =36.4, which Theorem

would you use to find EF?

Solution:

Since DG = EG and l ⊥ DE , is the perpendicular bisector of DE by the Converse of the

Perpendicular Bisector Theorem

Now it’s your turn! Answer the next Example in your Math notebook.

Example 3: Applying the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem and Its Converse

Find the measure of TU.

You should get,

Solution

TU = UV ⊥ Bisector Thm
3x + 9 = 7x – 17 Substitution
9 = 4x – 17 Subtraction POE
26 = 4x Addition POE
6.5 = x Division POE
So TU = 3(6.5) + 9 = 28.5.

If you got the correct answer, you may proceed to the next Example.

If not, I’m sorry but you have to go back to example 1 and try again.

Example 4:
BC is the perpendicular bisector of AD. Find the value of x.

You should get,

102
Solution:

The most important fact to notice is that BC is the perpendicular bisector of AD because,
although it is just one statement, we can derive much information about the figure from it. The
fact that it is a perpendicular bisector implies that segment DB is equal to segment AB since it
passes through the midpoint of segment AD. Therefore, we have

DB= AB
9 x−2=7 x+10
Subtracting 7x from both sides of the equation yields

2 x−2=10
2 x=12
x=6
So, we have x=6.

If you got the correct answer, you may proceed to the next Example.
If not, I’m sorry but you have to go back to example 1 and try again.
Let us learn now to prove Perpendicular Bisector Theorem and its Converse.

Example 5:
Given: CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB .
Prove: AC ≅ BC

Statements Reasons
1. CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB . 1. Given
2. D is the midpoint of AB 2. Definition of Perpendicular Bisector
3. AD ≅ BD 3. Definition of Midpoint
4. ∠ ADC∧∠ BDC are ¿ angles 4. Definition of Perpendicular Bisector
5. ∠ ADC ≅ ∠ BDC 5. All right angles are congruent
6. CD ≅ CD 6. Reflexive Property
7.∆ ACD ≅ ∆ BCD 7. SAS
8. AC ≅ BC 8. CPCTC

Example 6:

Given : AC ≅ CB

Prove: CD is the perpendicular bisector of AB

Statements Reasons
1. AC ≅ CB 1. Given
2. ∆ ABC is an isosceles 2. Definition of isosceles triangle
3. ∠ A ≅ ∠ B 3. Isosceles triangle theorem
4. Draw midpoint D on AB 4. Every segment has a midpoint
5. AD ≅ DB 5. Definition of Midpoint
6. .∆ ACD ≅ ∆ BCD 6. SAS
7. ∠ ADC ≅ ∠ BDC 7. CPCTC
8. m∠ ADC=m∠ BDC 8. Congruent supplementary angles theorem
9.CD´ ⊥ AB 9. Definition of ⊥ lines
10. CD´ ⊥ bisector of AB 10. Definition of ⊥ bisector

DAY 4

103
 F. Developing Mastery
W
I. Answer the following.
2x
1. ∆ TWO is an isosceles triangle.
O
Find: 3x - 5
a. x = ___ T
b. TW = ___

\2. Given:
AC is the perpendicular bisector of BD .

Find:
a. AB = ___
b. BC = ___
c. DE = ___

3. Given: JM = LM,
KJ ⊥ JM and KL ⊥ LM

Find:
a. a = ___
b. m∠ MKL = ___

4. ⃗
HL is the angle bisector of ∠ KHF .

Find:
a. LF = ___
b. y = ___
c. m∠ FHL = ___

II. Complete the proof.

A
Given: AD ≅ AB , C is the midpoint of DB

Prove: ∆ DAC ≅ ∆ BAC

D B
Proof: C

Statements Reasons
1. AD ≅ AB
2. ∆ ABD is isosceles Definition of Isosceles Triangle
3. ∠ D ≅ ∠B
4. Given
5. Definition of Midpoint
6. ∆ DAC ≅ ∆ BAC

104
 Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to page 108 for the key to
13 – 15 Very Good
correction. Give yourself 1 point for every correct answer.
10 – 12 Good
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result
7–9 Fair
using the table on the right.
If your score is at least 7 out of 15, you may now proceed to 4–6 Turn to page
108 sec. J and
next part of the discussion. 0–3
work on the
enrichment
activities
G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Application of reasoning as a useful skill in real life

Common application includes:
Aren’t most of us fascinated with geometrical shapes? One comes across an array of
geometrical shapes in day-to-day life. The bed, glass, mirror, laptop, oven, and other items of
daily use have distinct geometrical shapes. One might have often come across different foods
or things which are triangular in shape. From the sandwiches you eat in breakfast, high-level
geometrical calculations you do in school to the dangerous Bermuda triangle, almost everything
is triangular. Let’s understand more about this geometric shape which is present at almost all
sites in our vicinity.
1. Bermuda Triangle
The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil’s
triangle, is a loosely defined triangular area in the
Atlantic Ocean, where more than 50 ships and 20
aircraft have said to be mysteriously disappeared.
It is a vaguely defined triangular region between
Florida, Bermuda, and Great Antilles.

2. Traffic Signs
Traffic signs form the most commonly found examples of the
triangle in our everyday life. The signs are in equilateral triangular
shape; which means that all three sides are of equal lengths and
have equal angles.

3. Sailing Boat
Almost every boat nowadays has a triangular sail. In
the early years, the sailing ships had a sail with a
square design. By using a triangular sail design, it
has become possible to travel against the wind using
a technique known as tacking. Tacking allows the
boat to travel forward with the wind at right angles to
the boat.

4. Roof 
The roofs of the houses are made in the
triangle shape. The roof truss is an obtuse-
angled triangle. In this type of triangle, any
one of the three angles is more than 90
degrees. The roof truss is constructed
because it doesn’t let water or snow to stand
on the roof for a longer time.

5. Staircase and ladder

The construction of the staircase involves knowledge about right angles.

The staircase is built in a triangular shape, mostly at right angle triangle.
Moreover, the ladder when placed against the wall at any angle also
makes a triangle.

6. Sandwiches or Pizza Slices

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Most of us start our day with the sandwiches which are triangular in shape. Our mothers make a
sandwich in triangular shape because it looks more appetizing and because of the triangular
shapes, the sandwiches come in handy. A study was conducted which said that triangularly
shaped sandwiches are more preferred by children than the ones which are non-triangular in
shape.

DAY 5

H. Generalization

Let us summarize our lesson for today.

THEOREM HYPOTHESIS CONCLUSION

The Isosceles Triangle
Theorem If PR ≅ PO, then ∠ R ≅ ∠O .

If two sides of a triangle are

congruent, then the angles
opposite them are also
congruent.
The Converse Isosceles
Triangle Theorem
If ∠ R ≅ ∠O , then PR ≅ PO .
If two angles of a triangle are
congruent, then the sides
opposite them are also
congruent.
Angle Bisector Theorem

If a point is on the bisector of If ∠ APC ≅ ∠BPC , then

an angle, then it is AC ≅ BC .
equidistant from the sides of
the angle.

Converse of the Angle

Bisector Theorem
If AC ≅ BC , then
If a point in the interior of an ∠ APC ≅ ∠BPC .
angle is equidistant from the
sides of the angle, then it is
on the bisector of the angle.

Perpendicular Bisector
Theorem
IfYA ≅ YB and XY AB , then
If a point is on the ∠ APC ≅ ∠BPC
perpendicular bisector of a
segment, then it is
equidistant from the
endpoints of the segment.

106
 Converse of the
Perpendicular Bisector
Theorem
If XA =XB , then XY AB and
If a point is equidistant from
YA ≅ YB
the endpoints of a segment,
then it is on the perpendicular
bisector of the segment.

I. Evaluating learning

Use a yellow pad paper to answer the Evaluation following the given instructions. Label
your paper using the format shown below and it is to be submitted to your Math teacher.

Name: ________________________ Section: ______________________

Subject: Mathematics 8 Week 7 Parent’s signature: ______________

A. Supply a valid conclusion for each of the following.

1. If AD is angle bisector of ∆ABC, therefore_________________________.

2. If OP is a perpendicular bisector of LM , therefore_________________________.
3. If ⃗
PS is angle bisector of ∠QPR in ∆PQR, therefore_________________________.

B. Answer the following.

4. ∆≝¿ is an isosceles triangle. Find m∠ F.

5. ∆ RPQ is an isosceles triangle.

Find:
a. x = _____
b. m∠ R = _____
c. m∠ P = _____

6. Given: WX is the perpendicular bisector of ZY .

Find:

a. x = _____
b. ZW = ___
c. YW = ___

Use the diagram for items 7-8

7. Given that FH is the perpendicular bisector of EG ,

EF = 4y – 3and FG = 6y – 37, find FG.

8. Given that EF = 10.6, EH = 4.3 and FG = 10.6 Find EG.

107
 Use the diagram for items 9-10

9. Given that m∠ABD = 16, find the m∠ABC

10. Given that m∠ABD = 2x + 12 and m∠CBD = 6x – 18, find

m∠ABC.

C. Complete the proof.

Given: ΔLOE is isosceles triangle with base OE

OV ≅ EV

Prove: ΔLOV ≅ ΔLEV

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ΔLOE is isosceles triangle with base OE
2. Given
3. LO ≅¿
4. Reflexive Property of Congruence
5. ΔLOV ≅ _______ ____________________

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

PART F
Answer the following.

´ is the perpendicular bisector of AB. Find

1. CD
a. AC = ___
b. BD = ___

2. Given the figure on the right, find

a. y = ___
b. ST = ___

3. The following triangles are isosceles. Find the value of x°.

a. b.

Answers:
1. a. AC = 5 b. BD = 6
2. a. y = 3 b.ST =15
3. a. x° = 48° b.x° = 70°
If your score is at least 4 out of 6, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I’m
sorry but you have to go back to Part C, D and E and try all over again.

KEY TO CORRECTION

Part A
108
 Statements Reasons
1. ∆ ABD∧∆ ACD are ¿ triangles 1.Given
2. AD ≅ AD 2.Reflexive Property of Congruence
3. D is the midpoint of BC . 3.Given
4. BD ≅ CD 4.Definition of Midpoint
5. ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ ACD 5.LL Theorem

PART F
I.
1. a. 5 b. 10
2. a. 15 b. 18 c. 8
3. a. 6 b. 38°
4. a. 27 b. 9 c. 54°
II.
Statements Reasons
1. AD ≅ AB Given
2. ∆ ABD is isosceles Definition of Isosceles Triangle
3. ∠ D ≅ ∠B Isosceles ∆ Theorem
4. C is the midpoint of DB Given
5. BC ≅ DC Definition of Midpoint
6. ∆ DAC ≅ ∆ BAC SAS Postulate

If you need more help, you may reach me at my cp #

(Please see page 17 of SIPacks Week 1)

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