Design formulas and tables

In selecting a correct pneumatic cylinder that can hold the force exerted by the
puffing chamber, consider Normal stress equation from the book Design of Machine Element
Fourth edition by Faires.

Normal stress

F
S= (1.4)
A

Where S is the normal stress, F in N is the load normal a resisting area A in m2.

Consideration of tangential stress inside the cylinder, consider Lamè’s formula of

tangential stress from the book Design of Machine Element Fourth edition by Faires.

Lamè’s formula

Pi ( r o +r i ) −2 P o r o
2 2 2

σ ti= 2 2
(1.5)
r o −r i

Where σ ti is the inside tangential stress in Mpa, Pi in the inside pressure in Mpa, Po is
the outside pressure in Mpa, ro is the outside radius and ri is the inside radius of the cylinder
in mm.
 One of the objectives of the research is to evaluate the power consumption of the
machine in electrical perspective, consider power formula from the book

Power formula

P=IV (1.5)

Where P is the power consumed by the machine KW, I is the current in ampere, V is
the voltage in volts.

To determine the voltage consumed by the machine consider OHM’s law from the
book Basic Electrical Engineering by Himabindu, Madhuri and Chandrashekar.

OHM’s law

V =IR (1.6)

Where V is the voltage in volts, I is the current is ampere, and R is the resistance in
ohms (Ω).
 Thickness of the wall of the cylinder can be determine, consider the difference
between the outside diameter and inside diameter.

Wall thickness

T =D o −Di (1.7)

Where T is the thickness of the cylinder in inches, Do is the outside diameter and Di is
the inside diameter of the cylinder in inches.