The rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights are the CIVIL and POLITICAL rights.

They
are the limitations of the powers of the State or the Government.

- The right to health and right to ecology belongs to another kind of right aside from the
CIVIL and POLITICAL rights.

Section 1: The 2 important rights of the Constitution is the (1) due process clause; and (2)
equal protection clause.
- If what is involved is an act of government or government agents that appear to be
whimsical, capricious, oppressive, unreasonable, confiscatory, arbitrary, etc., the proper
right to invoke is the right to due process of law.
- If what is involved is an act appears to be discriminatory, the proper right to invoke is
the right to the equal protection of the laws. The equal protection clause is a guarantee
against any kind of discrimination or discriminatory conduct.

Section 2: Right against unreasonable searches, seizures and arrest

Section 3: right to privacy of communication and correspondence

- Right to be let alone

Section 4: the freedom of speech, expression, press, and assembly are cherished
freedoms, we allow multiplicity of use because Philippines is a democratic country.

Section 5: freedom of religion, another preferred right, just like Section 4.

1st sentence: non-establishment clause of freedom of religion.
2nd sentence: free exercise clause of the freedom of religion.
3rd sentence: No religious test.
- Separation of Church and State Doctrine

Section 6:
3 rights involved:
- right to liberty of abode
- right to liberty of changing the same abode; and
- right to travel

Section 7: Freedom of/ Right to Information on matters of public concern

- Policy on Transparency

Section 8: Freedom of Association

Section 9: Right to just compensation

Section 10: Non-impairment clause

Section 11: The focus is now the rights of the accused. Rights to free access to courts and
quasi judicial bodies.

Section 12: Custodial Investigation Rights (Miranda rights)

Section 13: Right to bail

Section 14: Rights of the accused during trial

Section 15: Right to habeas corpus

Section 16: right to speedy disposition of cases.

Section 17: Right against self-incrimination

Section 18: Right against involuntary servitude

Section 19: Right against cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment

Section 20: Right against imprisonment due to debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

Section 21: Right against double jeopardy

Section 22: Right against ex post fact law; right against bill of attainder

SEC/s 2, 3, 12, and 17 are governed by exclusionary rule on evidence. Any violation of
these sections, the evidence shall be inadmissible. - For evidence to be admissible:
Relevant, Material, Competent