LESSON 5 – MEANING and IMPORTANCE of
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
BARTER – exchanging goods with other goods.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP – it is a term used
interchangeably with business.
- It is the science and art of creating or producing
goods and services.
2 purposes of producing goods and services:
1.For CUSTOMERS to meet their needs in their day-
to-day living and improve their way of life.
2.For PRODUCERS to provide services to the
consumers and gain profit in return.
- It begins with an idea that grows out from:
a. a problem or need of an individual, family or
community
b. lack or scarcity of a resource in the community
c. abundance of resource in the surrounding
The lack or abundance of resource can motivate or
drive a person to use his/her creativity and
innovativeness to find ways to fill up the scarcity or
to transform abundance resources into something
useful by creating goods and services which can be
sold to people and gaining profit out of it.
- Science means orderly and systematic.
- Art means creative and artistic designing
- Idea how production of products begins
- Entrepreneur the person who establishes a
business
- It involves an orderly process of organizing
resources and efficient use of resources in
production of goods and services.
- The need for products or services are known as
economic or business opportunities.
- When people need something, they are willing to
pay someone who is able to provide these needs.
- It is important to the individual, the family the
community and to the nation because it is the key
to progress.
- Through creativity and innovativeness, the
entrepreneur is able to transform his/her ideas into
marketable goods and services to meet market
demands and bring out robust economic activity in
a community.
- Creativity is a talent to innovate things.
Entrepreneurship brings:
1. Self-employment – the importance of business
to its owner. The entrepreneur is the first person
to be employed because he/she is in charge of the
business.
2. Jobs for others – entrepreneur needs other to
help operate the business. He needs people with
different skills and qualified for a specific type of
work.
3. Establishment of industries – There are many
entrepreneurs who are willing to put up their own
business in the community.
4. Generation of income for the industry and the
community – part of the income from doing
business goes to the income of employees and
payment of taxes to the community.
5. Livelihood for the family – businesses are
owned by families and become their source of
income.
6. Utilization of local materials – the abundance of
local materials in the community serves as raw
materials in creating products
7. Invention of tools and equipment – facilitates
the production of goods. With the advancement of
technology, there are now machines that that can
work faster in industries and simplify and maximize
the production of goods.
8. More goods and services for the people – the
more industries built in a community, the more
goods become available for the people in the
community.
9. More employment – more business
establishments means more people are employed
by these businesses and the more income for the
people and the better quality of life.
10. Development of entrepreneurial skills and
interest – comes with experience in managing a
business. One who goes to business learns how
to operate and manage the business.
Rewards of Entrepreneurship
1. Make money
2. Be the boss
3. Tap his or her creativity
4. Overcome challenges and find fulfillment in
running a business
5. Help others
6. Build an entrepreneurial legacy.
LESSON 6: Qualities of Successful Entrepreneur
1. Drive for achievement – the entrepreneur has a
great psychological drive to achieve. He is greatly
motivated to accomplish the goals he has set for
himself.
2. Desire for responsibility – a responsible
entrepreneur is one who commits himself to the
job.
3. Willingness to take risks – any business entails a lot
of risk – the risk of failing, of losing business, in
which case, losing one’s capital. They have
adventurous spirit. Faces dangers of failures.
4. Drive and dynamism – The successful entrepreneur
is full of vigor and vitality. He is always on the go.
5. Persistence and hard work – key to success is hard
work and more hard work. He works relentlessly
to realize his goals.
6. Self-confidence and self-reliance – The successful
entrepreneur exudes confidence and competence.
He is able to instill confidence in others. Believes
in himself and can be relied upon.
7. Diplomacy – effective entrepreneur is one who can
relate well with people from top to bottom
positions in a business organization.
8. Self-control – when an effective entrepreneur
makes a decision that is beneficial to the greater
number, he/she sticks to that decision regardless of
opposition.
9. Adaptability – it is the ability to adjust to the
changes and present demands of the times.
10. Foresight – this refers to thinking not only of
the present but of the future as well. He can
visualize the status of one’s business in the next 5
to 10 years.
11. Adequate knowledge – the successful
entrepreneur is knowledgeable. He has both
general and technical knowledge about his
business.
General knowledge – allows him to carry a
conversation of any topic.
Technical knowledge – shows his expertise in the
business he is in.
12. Persuasive ability - he/she is a fluent speaker.
He knows how to motivate people and get their
interest in the products he sells.
13. Creativity, resourcefulness and innovativeness
– successful entrepreneur is in continuous search
of new ideas. He thinks of ways of improving the
product or introducing something new to his
customers.
14. Managerial ability – a successful entrepreneur is
a systematic person. He plans well, implements
 programs with adequate controls and evaluates
programs based on his criteria.
15. Optimistic attitude toward life and business –
the successful entrepreneur always sees the bright
side of life and business regardless of risks or
failure.
Some Successful Stories of Filipino Entrepreneurs
These are some of the successful entrepreneurs
features in the special edition of Entrepreneur
Magazine.
1. FELIZ GARCIA and Family – Mekeni Food
Corporation
- It started as a small backyard poultry and piggery
business before it became a big meat processing
company.
- It has to overcome a lot of difficulties and pain
before it became a successful business.
- It started selling livestock, its market was limited
and chance of success and growth is not
promising.
- Felix Garcia has to think of ways to save the
business and make it profitable.
- Instead of selling live meat, he thought about
idea of producing processed meat products that
are ready to cook and appealing to consumers.
- Disaster struck when Mt. Pinatubo erupted and
he almost lost everything.
- With sheer determination, persistence and hard
work he was able to rebuild the business.
- How did they become successful? Through
determination, persistence and hard work to
rebuild the business and being innovative in
thinking ways on how to make the business
profitable made it successful.
2. ROSANNA LLENADO – Ahead Learning Systems
- Rosanna Llenado was a full-time housewife and
mother when she decided to put up a tutorial
service at home.
- She started the business in 1995 and saw
difficulty of parents providing extra help to their
children with school assignments and lessons.
- She saw this opportunity and the demand for
the kind of service. She had to find the best
location for her services.
- To be more accessible to clients, she put up the
review clinics inside the malls, unlike other
tutorial centers that are located near the school.
- One effective way of learning they implemented
is the simulated exams to prepare the students
for the entire test they needed to pass in school.
- How did it become successful? Seeing an
opportunity and demand for the service and
 offering a much needed service which is the
simulated exams made the business successful.
3. ALEJANDRO FAMILY – Papemelroti
- How did it become successful? The business
became successful because of persistence.
Turning a hobby into a business.
- It was the couple’s hobby to make new things
out of what people would usually through away.
- They started in business with the wife having the
penchant of sewing dresses for her daughters,
making toys from toilet paper rolls and
piggybanks from empty bottles. The husband
enjoys woodworks and making furniture.
LESSON 7: DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUSINESSES
3 Major Types of Business:
Major Type Descriptions, Examples, Types
1. Manufacturin -It is the process whereby raw materials
g undergo processing until converted to
finished products.
-Different products or goods are produced in
bulk or large scale by large manufacturing
companies and small scale by cottage
industries.
-Examples:
 Cars and heavy equipment produced by
big companies
 Handicrafts and food preserves produced
by cottage industries
 Micro and small businesses like
handicraft, furniture, ceramics,
garments, processed food and metal
crafts.
2. Services -Offered by persons who are skilled in trade
or craft.
-A person or organization makes use of skill
or expertise in specific field or area.
-The services are provided with the help of
machine or tools and equipment.
-Examples or types of services
1. Health Care – services provided in
hospitals, health clinics, nursing home,
orphanages, health insurance, fitness
centers, massage clinics, rehab clinics,
dental services.
2. Trade – services offered by trading
companies that buy on wholesale and
sell it to the retailers.
Traders – are middlemen who make the
transfer of goods from manufacturers to
retailers easy.
Involved in retail trading are sari-sari
stores, grocery stores and general
merchandising stores.
3. Transportation – services offered by
public transport vehicles that transport
people in different places.
Examples:
- Travel agencies that book reservations
for land, sea and air travel
- Car rental agencies
- School bus services
- Tour services
- Rentals of delivery trucks and
container vans to transport people
and goods.
4. Education – services offered by schools
for preschool, elementary, secondary
and college courses, technical and
vocational courses.
5. Communication – services offered by
telephone and mobile companies,
television and radio, internet,
computers, post office, magazines,
newspapers and other print media.
6. Household Services – services given by
carpenters, plumbers, electricians,
mason, painters, gardeners, housemaids
and different repair shops.
7. Utilities – services provided in every
household which include water,
electricity and garbage collection.
8. Professional Services – services
provided by accountants, engineers,
interior designers and professional
reviewers in review classes for board
and licensure examinations.
9. Food Services – include catering
services in hotels, restaurants, canteens,
cafeterias and other food outlets.
10. Legal Services – services provided
lawyers in court cases, notary public,
preparation of legal documents and
legal consultation.
11. Beauty Care – services offered by
beauty parlors, cosmetic and surgery
clinics, massage and spa clinics,
barbershops and facial centers.
12. Real Estate – services provided by real
estate agents in the sale of house, lots
or house and lot.
13. Medical Services – services provided by
doctors, nurses, physical therapists and
other medical practitioners.
3. Retailing -All forms of selling directly to the consumer.
-The seller sells his goods or merchandise or
service to the buyer to earn profit.
-The buyer buys the goods or avails the
services to meet his needs or satisfy a want
or desire for him or his family.
-Examples:
  Sari-sari stores
 Specialty stores
 Groceries
 Supermarkets
 Stalls in wet and dry markets
 Stores on wheels or traveling stores
 Online selling via internet and television
 House-to-house selling
Consumers – people who buy products or avail the
services like you, me and the families in the
community.

LESSON 8: PLANNING AN ORNAMENTAL GARDEN

 1. Garden tools and their uses
Types of Outdoor Gardening: 2. Health and safety practices in gardening
1. Ornamental Gardening – includes raising different 3. Plan or layout of the garden
plants for decorative purposes. 4. Planting ornamental plants
2. Vegetable Gardening – includes raising different 5. Taking care of the plants and soil
vegetables, fruits and other crops. 6. Making compost or fertilizer
7. Marketing of the plants
Importance of Ornamental Gardening:
1. It can be a livelihood and an occupation in itself. Garden Tools and Their Uses
2. It is an interesting and enjoyable activity, especially Garden Tools Uses Proper Use
when planting an array of plants with beautiful used for mixing - Hold the handle with two hands
and cutting the spread apart.
flowers, leaves, colors textures and sizes. - Make a forward thrust holding
soil
3. It is an enjoyable hobby for those who are really 1. Spade
the spade in inclined position
toward the ground.
interested in plants and gardens. - To cut the soil, hold in upright
position and thrust directly
4. It can be a therapeutic activity towards the soil.
2. SHOVEL -used for - Hold the shovel similar to
removing holding the spade.
LESSON 9: ACTIVITIES IN ORNAMENTAL GARDENING - In an inclined position, move it
gravel and toward the ground or soil.
digging
GARDEN is a piece of land or plot where flowers, fruits -Spade has a flat
and vegetables are planted. tip, a shovel
has a pointed
tip.
Ornamental Garden – the plants raised here are those 3. SPADING FORK used for mixing - Hold with one hand toward the
manure end of the other and the other
which are mainly used to decorate or beautify a place. hand toward the middle.
- Used in inclined position when
mixing manure.
4. RAKE used for leveling - Hold firmly with two hands
spread apart on the handle.
Basics in Ornamental Gardening the surface of
- In an inclined position, move the
seedbeds for
To start an ornamental garden, some basic knowledge gathering
rake in a forward and back
motion.
about the following is needed:
 manure and
dried leaves.
5. HOE used for digging - Hold tightly with two hands
and cutting close to each other.
- Raise the hoe far back and with
trenches - Hold the knife or bolo on one
one swift motion, strike on the 12.GRINDSTONE used for
location where you are going to sharpening tools hand and slide the sharp edge
dig. of the knife or bolo in the
6. PICK MATTOCK used for - Used similarly as the HOE grindstone in inclined position.
chopping roots 13.SHEARS used for cutting - Hold the handle with both
when digging or tall grasses, hands, position the shears close
to the bottom part of the
trenching dried branches ground, then move the handle
7. TROWEL used for - Hold with one hand in an and leaves sideward and inward like
planting inclined position and thrust
scissor.
into the soil when planting
seedlings and seedlings. 14.CROWBAR used as a lever - Hold the end of the bar with
cultivating small either to force both hands while curved end is
inserted between the objects to
plants apart two be separated or between nail to
8. WHEELBARRO Used for - Hold the handle firmly then lift objects or to be pulled out. Use force to pull
carrying tools the wheelbarrow slightly off
W remove nails out the nail or to separate
the ground.
and garden soil - Push to move the wheels. them.
from one place 15.LIGHT HOE used for - Used like a hoe but with a
weeding loose lighter stroke
to another.
paths and beds
9. MEASURING used for - can also use measuring tape,
measuring the meter stick or rolling meter
TAPE - Pull out one end of the meter
size of plots and stretch it out to measure
Health and Safety Practices in Gardening
10.WATER used for - Hold firmly and sprinkle on It is very important to observe safety precautions in
SPRINKLER watering plants plants in an inclined position.
- Sprinkler Irrigation uses lawn
gardening.
sprinklers. This is a method of 1. Wear proper attire before starting to work.
applying water in a controlled
manner similar to rainfall. 2. Know how to use each tool properly.
3. Clean tools after using. Wash and dry them
11.SPRAYER used for - Hold the neck of the bottle with
one hand, with the index finger properly. Oil those that need to be oiled.
spraying plants
with disease
holding and pushing the push 4. Keep tools in their proper place. Do not allow
button or lever.
and/or attacked children to play with them.
by pests.
5. Change shirts once wet. Let the body rest after
work.
6. Use gloves when handling soil and fertilizers
especially the inorganic type.
MAKING THE PLAN OR LAYOUT
PLAN OR LAYOUT is a drawn plan showing the
location, measurement and placement of garden plot.
Considerations in choosing the location for ideal site
of the garden:
1. Water Supply – should be accessible to the source
of water to ensure enough supply of this. Plants
will die without water.
2. Sun – garden must receive sunshine to allow the
growth of plants.
Sunlight is important in the manufacture of food in
plants (photosynthesis).
3. Soil Fertility – soil should be rich to make the plants
healthy.
LOAM SOIL is the best soil for ornamental plants.
MAKING A GARDEN PLAN
GARDEN PLAN is a drawing of the garden plots
complete with measurement and placements.
Example:
PLANTING THE ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Before planting, prepare the garden plots by doing the
following:
1. Remove all unwanted matters like stone, wood
branches, twigs, leaves, roots, wild grass etc.
2. Dig the soil to loosen it. Remove more stone and
unwanted matters under.
3. Pulverize the soil. Spread garden soil on top to
fertilize the soil.
3 WAYS OF PLANTING
1. DIRECT PLANTING – healthy and mature seeds are
planted directly into the soil.
2. INDIRECT PLANTING or Asexual Method – a part of
the plant like a stem or branch is planted into the
soil.
3. TRANSPLANTING – the young plant with the roots
intact is removed carefully from the soil and
transferred to a bigger pot or plastic bags.
5. WEEDING
Weed is a plant that tends to grow where not
wanted and prevents the growth of more desirable
plants by taking their space.

TAKING CARE OF THE PLANT AND SOIL

1. CULTIVATING – loosening the soil around the plant
enables the roots to expand and develop fully. 6. KEEPING THE SOIL FERTILE – the soil in garden
affects how the plants will grow.

2. WATERING – water plants with water sprinkler.

WATERING is done early in the morning or late in
the afternoon.

3. FENCING – fences keeps away stray animals.

MAKING THE COMPOST
COMPOST – a form of well-decayed vegetable matter
such as leaves, straw, cogon grass, weeds, rice hull,
4. CONTROL OF PESTS – this means combating plant
corn stalks, vines and animal manure.
enemies such as insects, parasitic fungi and germs
which cause diseases.
GOOD COMPOST is characterized by rich, dark brown
and crumbly soil and often referred as food for the
hungry soil.
COMPOST will be of value if used in the garden,
seedbeds and rice cornfields.
Use and Care of Compost
To use the compost, farmers usually do the following:
1. The compost is put into the soil below the rows or
hills where the seed of plant are to be places.
2. The compost is spread evenly on the field and
plowed immediately to avoid much loss of
nitrogen.
Harrowing is the process of mixing the soil
thoroughly.
FERTILIZERS are enriching materials used on the soil
to increase its productivity.
TYPES of Fertilizer:
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS comes in the form of animal
manures and humus which are the product of
composting and decompositions of plant residues and
legumes.
INORGANIC FERTILIZERS or Commercial Fertilizer
comes from nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia,
ammonium nitrate, urea and others.
Nutrients in inorganic fertilizers are not always
properly balanced and therefore, the organic is
needed to make up deficiencies.
It will take 4-6 months to know if the compost is
good to be used.
MARKETING OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Observe the following in marketing your plants:
1. Sell the plants at the right time. When the plants
are grown with several leaves on their stem and
with the roots deeply attached to the soil.
2. Arrange the plants according to kind and size. This 2. How many helpers do you need in propagating and
makes it easier for prospective buyer to choose taking care of the plants?
well. 3. How much money will you need for labor, utilities
3. Hire a gardener to assist you in marketing. (water and electricity), soil, fertilizer, containers,
The gardener can answer the inquiries about the pots etc.?
plant, its needs and how it is raised. 4. What other ornamental plants will you grow based
4. Be honest in dealing with the customer. Give the on customer demand and on the volume of sales of
right information to allow customer to make the different plants?
right decisions. 5. Do you have sufficient time and know-how to carry
out the plan?
Recording Expenses and Profit
 Have a record of all your expenses on a day-to-day
or weekly basis. This is to keep track of how much
money is going out.
 In the record book, write the date and the details of
expenses such as quantities, specifications, unit
cost and total costs.
 Have a separate record of sale of plants, with the
date, quantity, amount of sale.
 You can compute your expenses and profit at the
end of the day, week and month.

Planting for Continuous Growing of Ornamental

Plants
1. How much more space do you need for expansion?