Student’s Last Name 1

Student’s Name

Professor’s Name

Physics

07 07 2022

Problem solving

1) Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of motion

2) Potential energy (PE) is the energy of position

3) What property of a substance corresponds to the average KE of its particles?

Answer : (temperature)

4) What property of a substance corresponds to the average PE of its particles?

Answer : (phase)

5) List the three common states of matter in order of highest potential to lowest.

Answer : (Gas, Liquid and Solid)

e-Lab:

1) Open PhET simulation States of Matter.

2) The beginning of the lab starts with Neon in a solid state at 13 K. (Kelvin (K) is a

unit of temperature like Celsius and Fahrenheit). You can heat or cool the substances in the

container by sliding the bar on the bucket to Heat (for fire) or Cool (for ice). Slide the bar to

Cool and cool the neon to 0 K (this will take a while).

a) The atoms are …

A) not moving.

B) vibrating about a fixed position.

C) sliding past each other.

D) moving independently around the container.

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b) Is this physically possible (think Third Law of Thermodynamics)?

Answer : No

c) Go up to the tab that says “teacher” and change the temperature scale from Kelvin to

Celsius. According to this 0 K = -273 ºC. Change the scale back to Kelvin.

d) Notice the pattern of the atoms relative to each other. This pattern can best be

described as

A) rectangular

B) hexagonal

C) octagonal

D) amorphous (random or no pattern)

This pattern is the solid Neon's crystalline structure.

3) Click on the “Solid” button on the right of the page. This puts the Neon's temperature

back to 13 K. What is this temperature in Celsius? Answer ( - 260 ºC )

a) The atoms are …

A) not moving.

B) vibrating about a fixed position.

C) sliding past each other.

D) moving independently around the container.

b) Are the atoms still in their crystalline pattern even though they're moving?

Answer : Yes

4) Heat the solid Neon to 20 K. What is this temperature in Celsius?

Answer ( - 253 ºC )

a) What happens to the motion of the atoms?

Answer : They get faster

b) Are the atoms still in the crystalline pattern?

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Answer : Yes

5) Heat the Neon to 30 K. What is this temperature in Celsius? Answer : - 243 ºC

a) The atoms are …

A) not moving.

B) vibrating about a fixed position.

C) sliding past each other.

D) moving independently around the container.

b) What state does this represent?

Answer : liquid

Every now and then one atom gains enough energy to break free from the group. This is

called a vapor.

6) Heat the Neon to 60 K. What is this temperature in Celsius? Answer : - 213 ºC

a) The atoms are …

A) not moving.

B) vibrating about a fixed position.

C) sliding past each other.

D) moving independently around the container.

b) What state is this?

Answer : Gas

c) Are all of the atoms moving at the same speed?

Answer : no

d) Does one individual atom always go the same speed?

Answer : no

e) Temperature corresponds to the average KE (or speed) of the atoms.

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7) Heat the Neon to 120 K.

a) On average, the speed of the atoms is ___________ the speed of the atoms at 60 K.

A) half

B) twice

C) sixty times

D) the same as

8) Look at water as a gas. The molecules now have two types of motion. Linear and

rotational.

9) Look at water as a solid. Notice the pattern. Now look at Neon, Argon, and Oxygen

as a solid. What do you notice in terms of the space between the particles?

Answer : Solid water has more space.

10) Most substances shrink when they freeze from a liquid into a solid, but because of

water's unique shape, when it freezes it actually expands.

11) 0ºC = 273 K 100ºC = 373 K x ºC = x + 273 K

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Section Two (2):

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SECTION TWO (2):

Answer the following questions:

1. For each of the following temperatures, find the equivalent temperature on the indicated

scale.

(a) -263.15°C on the Fahrenheit scale

If temperature C in Celsius scale is equal to F Fahrenheits, then

F = (9C/ 5) + 32 ....(i)

If C = -263.15 °C, then F = 9 ( -263.15 /5)+ 32 = - 441.67 Fahrenheit

(b) 98.4°F on the Celsius scale

Eqn in part (a) can also be rearranged as C = 5 ( F - 32 ) /9 ....(ii)

If F = 98.4°F, then C = 5 ( 98.4 - 32) / 9 = 36.88°C

(c) 125 K on the Fahrenheit scale

125 K = ( 125 - 273 ) °C = -148 °C

Using equation (i) in part (a) above, F = 9 x (-148) / 5 + 32 = -234.4 °F

2. The boiling point of ethyl alcohol is 351 K at atmospheric pressure.

(a) What is this temperature on the Celsius scale?

351 K = (351- 273) °C = 78 °C

(b) What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?

Using equation (i) in part (a) of Q.1 above, F = 9 x (78) / 5 + 32 = 172 °F

Thus 351 K = 78 °C = 172 °F