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Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2 International Journal of Science,
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 Engineering and Technology
ISSN (Print): 2395-4752 An Open Access Journal

Phytofabrication and Characterization of Copper

Nanoparticles Using Allium Sativum and its
Antibacterial Activity
1
Akansha Treeza Joseph, 2Poonam Prakash, 3S. S Narvi

Abstract

The present study focuses on the simple effective and rapid approach for the phytofabrication of
copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and investigation of its antibacterial activity. Copper was of a particular
interest for this process due to its evocative physical and chemical properties. On addition of plant
extract to copper sulphate solution the change in colour of the reaction mixture was observed which
proved the formation of nanoparticles. Various instrumental techniques were adopted to characterize
the synthesized CuNPs, viz. UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XRD. Synthesis of colloidal
CuNPs was monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The synthesized CuNPs were spherical in shape
with an average particle size of 100 nm. Antibacterial activity of the Cu nanoparticles was evaluated by
testing against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. The
antibacterial activity of the synthesized copper nanoparticles was found to be more effective against
gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).

Index Terms: Phytofabrication1, Allium sativum2, copper nanoparticles3, UV-Vis spectroscopy4, SEM5,
TEM6, and XRD7

Introduction but synthesis of copper and copper-based

Nanotechnology is one of the most active areas of
research in modern material science and technology.
Nanotechnology deals with the fabrication of
nanoparticles of various shapes, sizes and managing
their physical and chemical parameters for further
use for human benefits. Nanoparticles possess
unique electrical, optical as well as biological
properties and are applied in catalysis, biosensing,
imaging, drug delivery, nanodevice fabrication and
medicine [1]. Research on the synthesis of nanosized
material is of great interest because of their unique
properties like optoelectronic, magnetic, and
mechanical, which differs from bulk material [2].
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is still in its
infancy. Due to the growing demand for various
Nanoparticles, it is necessary to develop synthesis
methods that are cost-effective and environment-
friendly. Moreover approach of making copper
nanomaterial has not been explored much by
researcher so far. In literature, silver and gold
nanoparticles are extensively studied [3-7] because
of their highconductivity and non-oxidizing nature
nanoparticles are limited [8-10]. Copper
nanoparticles have great interest due to their optical,
catalytic, mechanical and electrical properties.
Copper is a good alternative material for noble
metals such as gold and silver as it is highly
conductive and economical than them [11]. Copper
nanoparticles are used in wound dressings [12, 13],
highlighting the recent developments of the
biosynthesis of inorganic nanoparticles including
metallic nanoparticles, oxide nanoparticles, sulfide
nanoparticles, and other nanoparticles for
development of antimicrobial textiles which can be
useful in hospitals to prevent or to minimize
infection with pathogenic bacteria. Singh et al., [14]
reported biological synthesis of copper oxide
nanoparticles using Escherichia coli with a variable
size and shapes.
Copper plays an important role in electronic circuits
due to its excellent electrical conductivity. It has a
great significance in industries, particularly in the
electrical sector due to its availability, low cost and
electrical conductive properties [15]. It finds

© 2016 Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
 
provided the original work is properly credited. 463
Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752
applications in heat transfer systems as super strong
materials, sensors [16], antimicrobial and as a
bactericidal agents. They are used as water-gas shift
catalysts and gas detoxification catalysts. Copper
nanoparticles (2-5 nm) have revealed a strong
antibacterial activity and were able to decrease the
microorganism concentration by 99.9%. Due to the
stability of copper nanoparticles supported on a
matrix and their disinfecting properties, it can be
used as a bactericide agent to coat hospital
equipment [17]. Researchers have combined copper
nanoparticles with a polymer to make a composite
capable of releasing metal in a controlled manner to
inhibit the growth of fungi and other pathogenic
microorganisms [18]. Copper has also been used in
various skin products to enhance healing and
prevent infection [19].
Need For Green Synthesis
Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a bottom up
approach where the reaction occurring is
reduction/oxidation. Nanoparticles can be prepared
by different methods. Chemical approaches are the
most popular methods for the production of
nanoparticles. However, some chemical methods
cannot avoid the use of toxic chemicals in the
synthesis protocol. The chemically synthesized
nanoparticles carry some reactive functional groups,
which can be toxic to biological system. Hence, the
development of clean, biocompatible, non-toxic and
eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of
nanoparticles deserves merit. The green synthesis of
metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted
tremendous attention in recent years because these
protocols are low cost and more environmentally
friendly than standard methods of synthesis. Sastry et
al., [20] have reported green synthesis of Cu NPs
using nontoxic and inexpensive materials like curd,
milk, herbal extracts such as tamarind and lemon
juice as capping agents.
Materials and Methods
Materials
The fresh green leaves of Allium sativum were
collected from the local garden of MNNIT campus,
Allahabad. The leaves were tightly packed with Poly-
bag and transferred to the laboratory. The solution
used in synthesizing copper nanoparticles was
analytical grade copper sulphate.
Preparation of Plant Leaf Extract
The freshly chopped garlic leaves were weighed 10g
and mixed in 100ml of distilled water and boiled for
30 min at 80° C. The extract was allowed to cool at
room temperature and filtered by Whatmann No1
filter Paper. The filtrate was stored in a beaker tightly
seal packed with aluminium foil and paraffin and
kept at room temperature for further use. 20ml of
extract was placed in a clean and dry beaker and
heated to dryness over water bath. This dried sample
was analyzed by FTIR.
Preparation of 10mm Solution of Copper Sulphate
The solution used in synthesizing copper
nanoparticles was analytical grade copper sulphate.
A 1mM stock solution of CuSO4.5H2O in chloride-
free distilled water was prepared. 0.2496g of Copper
Sulphate was transferred in a 250-ml beaker and
100ml de-ionized water was added drop-wise while
swirling to dissolve the salt. The beaker containing
solution was tightly covered with aluminium foil and
paraffin and kept away from light for further use.
Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles
For preparing reaction mixture, 50 ml CuSO4 solution
was taken from 100 ml of 10 Mm CuSO4 in a clean
and dry 250 ml beaker and placed it on a magnetic
stirrer and then slowly 10ml of prepared garlic leaves
extract was added. With the addition of extract, the
colour of the solution changes from straw yellow to
light green. The solution was tightly covered with
aluminium foil and paraffin and allowed to age for 48
hours at room temperature. After 48 hours, distinct
change in the colour from light green to bright light
green of experimental solution was observed.
(a) (b)
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Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752
Figure 1: Photograph showing Colour change of leaf
extracts containing copper sulphate before (a) and
after synthesis of copper nanoparticles (b)
Purification of Nanoparticles
The reaction mixture was centrifuged at the speed of
8000 rpm and the supernatants were taken out by
aspiration. This clear light green liquid was analyzed
by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The
content/residue was washed in double distilled water
thrice, centrifugation was repeated at 8000 rpm for
30 minute and powder was collected and dried in
hot air oven at 110°C for 3 hours. These oven-dried
particles were used for further analysis for
determining size, shape and chemical composition.
Characterization of Prepared
Nanoparticles
The phytofabricated copper nanoparticles were
characterized by different methods. A change in
colour from straw yellow to sea green upon
incubation was observed, indicating the formation of
nanoparticles which was further confirmed by
following techniques.
UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Analysis
The synthesized Copper nanoparticles were
characterized by Hitachi UV-2300 UV- Vis
spectrophotometer by continuous scanning from 450
to 700 nm. The deionized water was used as blank.
Fourier Transforms Infra-Red (FTIR) Analysis
The chemical composition of the synthesized copper
nanoparticles was studied by using PerkinElmer
Spectrum FTIR spectrometer. A Fourier Transform
Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectrometer was used to obtain
the infra-red spectra of absorption and emission of
the garlic extract and copper nanoparticles. The
dried powders/ particles were characterized in the
range 4000–450 cm-1 using KBr pellet method.
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis
The phase variety and grain size of synthesized
copper nanoparticles was determined by using X-ray
diffraction spectroscopy. The synthesized copper
nanoparticles were studied with Cu-Kα radiation at
voltage of 30 kV and current of 20 MA with scanning
rate of 0.030/s. Different phases present in the
synthesized samples were determined by X′ pert high
score software. The particle size of the prepared
samples were determined by Debye-Scherrer’s
equation showed below
‫ = ܦ‬kࣅ/ߚcosθ
Where D = the crystallite size of CuNPs
λ = the wavelength of x-ray source (1.54059 nm)
used in XRD
β = the full width at half maximum of the diffraction
peak
K = the Scherrer’s constant with value from 0.9 to 1
θ = the Bragg angle
Copper Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis
The surface morphology of the biologically
synthesized copper nanoparticles was analyzed by
means of SEM. 24 hours after the addition of CuSO4
the SEM slide were prepared by smearing the
solution on slide. A thin layer of platinum or carbon
was coated to make the sample conductive. The
sample was characterized in the SEM at an
accelerating voltage of 20 KV.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis
TEM was employed to characterize the size, shape
and morphology of copper nanoparticles. Sample for
TEM was prepared by keeping a drop of colloidal
solution on a copper grid. Sample was dried and
kept under vacuum in desiccator before placing it in
a specimen holder. A thin sample was irradiated with
a sharp high-energy electron beam focused by
magnetic lenses. The electron intensity distribution
of the beam after interaction with the sample was
imaged onto a fluorescent screen by the objective
lens and the post-objective lens system. Images were
recorded by a digital CCD camera reproduced or
displayed on a computer monitor.
Antibacterial Activity
Test organism for antibacterial activity
One Gram positive (+) bacteria and gram negative (-)
bacteria, were used for determining antibacterial
activity. The bacterial pathogens were collected from
the Department of Biotechnology, MNNIT. The
bacteria used are as follows
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Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752
Table 1: List of bacteria
S No. Name of the bacteria Bacterial type
1 Escherichia coli Gram negative
2 Bacillus subtilis Gram positive
The bacterial strains were grown and maintained on
nutrient agar slant at 37oC, followed by incubation
for 5 days. The culture was stored at 4oC for further
use. The organisms were sub cultured once in every
15 days.
Media preparation
In this study, Nutrient Agar medium was used which
supports growth of a wide range of bacteria
including Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. For
preparing nutrient agar medium, 2.8 g nutrient agar
powder was added to 100 ml distilled water. The
medium was kept in cotton- plugged glass container,
sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15 mins. It was
distributed inside a laminar hood on petri dishes hot
45oC and allowed to solidify.
Method for Testing Antibacterial Activity
Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles
Antibacterial activity of biological synthesized
Copper nanoparticles was carried out by Agar well
diffusion method [21-23] against Gram negative
(Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis)
bacteria. The pure culture of organism was sub-
cultured in nutrient broth. The nutrient agar plates
were prepared by 25ml (for one plate) of molten
media into sterile petri-plates. For bacterial growth, a
culture was prepared by spreading the 100µL fresh
culture with each test organism on nutrient agar
plates with the help of a sterile glass rod spreader.
Plates were left standing for 10 minutes to let the
culture get absorbed. Then 6 mm (size) wells (4 well)
were punched at four corners of each Petri dish at
1.5 cm away from the disc-wall into nutrient agar
plates for testing antibacterial activity. Using the
micro-pipette, 100µl of sample of nanoparticle
suspension was poured in different concentration
(25µl, 50µl, 75µl) into each well on the plates. Then
antibiotic-Ampicillin was used as positive control.
Using the micropipette, 10µl of antibiotic (control)
solution was poured into one of the well [24]. After
adding the samples in the wells, the dishes were kept
in a refrigerator for an hour for absorption of the
samples into the surrounding medium from the well.
The plates were transferred into an incubator set at
37°C to allow bacterial growth on the medium. After
24 hrs the plates were taken out of the incubator and
observed for zone of bacterial growth inhibition
around the wells. The zone of inhibition was
measured in millimeters.
Result and Discussion
UV-Vis spectra analysis
The UV-Vis spectroscopy recorded from the
nanoparticle solution showed the characteristic
surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra with
absorbance at 450 – 700 nm and peak maximum at
580 nm which is attributed to the formation of Cu
nanoparticles. The formation of the copper
nanoparticle was considered successful by initial
change in colour. According to Subhankari and
Nayak [17], CuNPs exhibited green colour in the
solution due to excitation of surface plasmon
vibration in CuNPsThe exact position of the SPR
band may shift depending on the individual particle
properties including size, shape, and capping agents.
of
Figure 2: UV-Vis spectra of the formed copper
nanoparticles using garlic leaves extract in the
presence of Cu+2salt.
The exact position of the SPR band may shift
depending on the individual particle properties
including size, shape, and capping agents [25].
Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectrum
Analysis
The FTIR characterization is used to find the
molecules and their functional group present in the
samples. The FTIR spectra of the leaves extract
466
Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752
prepared by drying 20ml of leaves extract over water
bath and the synthesized nanoparticles was analysed.
The FTIR spectrum of aqueous garlic leaves extract
showed the bands at 3403.92, 1593.71, 1384.69,
1126.67 and 1046.56 cm-1 and synthesized
nanoparticles at 3424.94, 2918.51, 2849.8, 1654.94,
1106.04 and 617.43 cm-1.
Figure 3: FTIR spectrum of garlic leaves extract
The broad peak at 3403 cm−1 was assigned to O–H
stretching. Another band at 1126 cm−1 was attributed
to SO2 absorption of sulfones and 1046 cm−1 was
assigned as absorption peaks of -C-O-C- or -C-O-.
Band at 617 cm−1 for C–H bend of alkynes, while
band at 1106.04 cm-1 indicated the presence of
amine groups, as expected due to plant-origin of the
samples. 2850cm-1 assigned to asymmetric stretching
vibration of C-H bond. After the synthesis of copper
nanoparticles by exposing the copper sulphate and
garlic leaves extract there was increase in the
intensity at 3424 cm−1 which may be due to binding
of [Cu(SO4)2]+ to –OH groups [26]. The band at 1654
cm−1 was assigned to carbonyl and carboxylic (CO)
stretching bands of peptide linkages (stretching of
amides). The band at 1384 cm−1 was assigned to –O–
H bend of carboxylates. The red shift was observed
from 1593 to 1654 cm−1 which occurred due to
oxidation of –CO groups of the extract components.
Similarly, there was increased band intensity at 1385
cm−1 due to alkane (germinal) dimethyl [27].The
presence of –OH and –CH characteristic peaks
suggested that sugars were present in both i.e the
garlic extract solution and nanoparticle dispersion.
Figure 4: FTIR spectrum of copper nanoparticles
The FTIR spectra showed the presence of different
functional groups like Alcohol (OH stretch H-bonded,
free), Alkane (C-H stretch, -C-H bending) Alkene (=C-
H bending, C=C stretch) Amine (C-N, stretch) Nitro
compounds (N-O stretch) Acid (OH, stretch) Ester (C-
O, stretch). These functional groups play a very
important role in copper nanoparticles synthesis.
The IR spectrum of copper nanoparticles was
characteristic to proteins suggesting their role in the
stabilization of the nanoparticles [28, 29]. The
analysis of FTIR studies confirmed that the carbonyl
groups from the amino acid residues has stronger
ability to bind metal (that is capping of copper
nanoparticles) to prevent agglomeration and thereby
stabilize the nanoparticles [30]. This suggests that the
biological molecules could possibly perform dual
functions of formation and stabilization of copper
nanoparticles in the aqueous medium.
X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum analysis
XRD spectrum (Figure 5) showed distinct diffraction
peaks at 2θ = 43°, 51.4° and 73.1° corresponding to
{111}, {200} and {220} planes of cubic face-centred
copper nanoparticles whereas a small peak was also
observed at around 29.8° indicated that a small
amount of copper is oxidized and converted into
copper oxide. All possible peaks of CuNps were
assigned, in comparison with those described in the
literature (JCPDS No. 04-0784)
467
Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752

Figure 5: XRD pattern of CuNPs Figure 6(a): SEM image showing surface
morphology of the copper nanoparticles (100nm)
Moderate temperature results in intensifying and
sharpening of the diffraction peaks. This indicated
the growth of Cu Nps grains and their improved
quality. The data thus revealed crystalline nature of
copper nanoparticles. Intense Bragg reflections
suggested that strong X-ray scattering centres in the
crystalline phase could be due to capping agents.
Therefore, XRD result suggests that the crystallization
of the bio-organic phase occurred on the surface of
the copper nanoparticles or vice versa. Generally, the
broadening of peaks in the XRD patterns of solids is
attributed to particle size effects. Broader peaks
signify smaller particle size and reflect the effects due
to experimental conditions on the nucleation and Figure 6(b): SEM image showing surface
growth of the crystal nuclei. morphology of the copper nanoparticles (1µm)
By using Debye-Scherrer’s equation the particles size Some copper nanoparticles were found to be bigger
was calculated. The size of crystallite was in the range in size; it may be due to the aggregation of the
of 83-130 nm (average 100 nm), which indicating a smaller ones or due to the proteins which were
high surface area and surface area to volume ratio of bound on the surface of the nanoparticles. Such
the nanoparticles. variation in shape and size of nanoparticles
synthesized by biological systems is common. The
SEM analysis
electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bond
Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the surface between the bio-organic capping molecules bond
morphology of nanoparticles. The SEM study are responsible for the synthesis of copper
demonstrated that the average size was 100 nm nanoparticles using plant extract.
shown in Figure 6. (a) and (b)
TEM Analysis

Scanning under TEM showed that the average mean

size of copper nanoparticles was 100 nm and the tiny
particles were seemed to be spherical in morphology
as shown in Figure 7(a). Figure 7(b) show selected
area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) of the copper
nanoparticles.

468
 
Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752

Concentration Diameter of zone of

(µl) inhibition(mm)

Escherichia Bacillus
coli subtilis

25 µl 8 10

50 µl 11 14

75 µl 13 18

Standard Drug 16 20

Figure 7(a): Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Ampicillin(10 µl)

image of synthesized copper nanoparticles.

Well size - 6mm

The size of inhibition zone differed according to the

type of bacteria and the size and concentrations of
copper nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition was
observed to be more in gram positive bacteria when
compared to gram negative bacteria. This is mainly
due to the differences in bacterial pathogen’s
membrane structures [31]. The maximum ZOI values
observed were 18 and 13 mm in Bacillus subtilis and
Escherichia coli respectively with 75μl concentration
of CuNPs as shown in Table 2.

Figure 7(b): corresponding SAED pattern of copper

nanoparticles

Antibacterial activity

The antibacterial activity of garlic stabilized copper

nanoparticles against two pathogenic bacteria-
Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were evaluated
and was compared to a commercial antibiotic
Ampicillin. The distinct Zone of Inhibition was
observed around the well wherein the suspension of
CuNPs was applied. The results obtained are
presented in Table 2 and Fig 8(a) and 8(e)

Table-2: Zone of inhibition area (in mm) exhibited by Figure 8(a): Bacterial growth inhibition against
the formed CuNPs against pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli by using (A) 25µl; (B) 50µl; (C)
75µl and Ampicillin as control sample

469
 
Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752
Figure 8(b): Bacterial growth inhibition against
Bacillus subtilis by using (A) 25µl; (B) 50µl; (C) 75µl
and Ampicillin as control sample
Chart -8(c): Graph of antibacterial activity of CuNPs
against Escherichia coli.
Chart 8(d): Graph of antibacterial activity of CuNPs
against Bacillus subtilis
Chart 8(e): Comparative graph of antibacterial
activity shown by Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
From the obtained results, copper nanoparticles were
found to have higher antibacterial activity against
Bacillus subtilis than Escherichia coli. It has also been
seen that by increasing the concentration of copper
nanoparticles in wells, the growth inhibition also
increased. Higher activity against Bacillus subtilis may
be attributed to greater abundance of amines and
carboxyl groups on cell surface of Bacillus subtilis
and greater affinity of copper towards these groups.
According to Rupareli et al., [32], copper ions
released may interact with DNA molecules and insert
between the nucleic acid strands. Copper ions inside
bacterial cells also disrupted biochemical processes.
From this investigation it is concluded that the
synthesized copper nanoparticles can be used as
potential antibacterial agents. It can also be used to
address a number of challenges in the field of
nanomedicine and can find immense application as
antimicrobials in the consumer and industrial
products.
Conclusion
In this study, copper nanoparticles were successfully
synthesized by using Allium sativum plant leaves
extract which provides cost effective, easy and
proficient way for synthesis of CuNPs. The CuNPs
were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR,
XRD, TEM, and SEM and their antimicrobial activity
was investigated. The reduction of copper sulphate
to copper nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Visible
spectrophotometer. The bending vibrations and
stretching bonds present in the sample was
confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD study showed that the Cu
nanoparticles had spherical shape and the average
particle size was in the range of 83- 130 nm. The size
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Akansha Treeza Joseph et al. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, Volume 4 Issue 2
ISSN (Online): 2348-4098 , ISSN (Print): 2395-4752
of the particle was analyzed with the help of
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and it was
observed that the particles present in the sample
were in nanometer range with an average size of 100
nm. The size and shape of the nanoparticles were
characterized using Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM) and confirmed the size of copper
nanoparticle 100 nm. Garlic plant was capable of
producing copper nanoparticles. The antibacterial
activity for the synthesized copper nanoparticles was
confirmed by agar well method. These nanoparticles
were highly stable with significant antibacterial
activity. The antibacterial activity experiment
performed against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia
coli demonstrated that the maximum ZOI was higher
in gram positive bacteria compared to gram negative
bacteria.
Plant extracts are eco-friendly and cost effective can
be used in large scale synthesis of copper
nanoparticles in nanotechnology processing
industries. Copper nanoparticles can be used in
nanomedicine and cancer treatment because of its
varied advantages. Due to the highest conductive
properties, these Copper nanoparticles can be
implemented in advanced portable gadgets.
Acknowledgement
I would like to submit everything beneath the feet of
almighty ‘JESUS’, the creator of heaven and the earth; who
provided me enough strength to do my thesis work.. I am
extremely thankful to Dr. S.S Narvi, Professor and Head of
the Department of Chemistry, MNNIT, Allahabad, for
providing me the facility to carry out this work in his
research laboratory in the Department of Chemistry at
Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad.
I may be failing in my duties if I do not thank my family for
their constant encouragement.
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Author’s details
1
MSc. Chemistry 4th semester student; Department of
Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture,
Technology & Sciences, Allahabad -211007, (U.P.) India.
Email: treeza023@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sam
Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology &
Sciences, Allahabad -211007, (U.P.) India.
3
Professor and Head, Department of Chemistry, MNNIT
Allahabad - 211 004, India.
Copy for Cite this Article- Akansha Treeza Joseph, Poonam
Prakash, S.S Narvi, “Phytofabrication And Characterization Of
Copper Nanoparticles Using Allium Sativum And Its
Antibacterial Activity”, International Journal of Science,
Engineering and Technology, Volume 4 Issue 2: 2016, pp. 463-
472.
472