PERIODIC TABLE OF GROUP m Vv rks Pee Bh denmente [Eh tension tate puatnecarh Metals areca ens Scanned with CamScanner—1. Common Experimental Apparatus Oe § ee penn 2.Gas Collection Methods Downward Delivery | Upward Delvery | Water Displacement 3. Common Drying Agents Concentrated Suture Acid} Quicktime Cat Oxide) | Reeeere | eee | 6. Paper chromatography analysis = oe eee == aoa 7. Paper chromatography common questions A Whtarethe advantages wing rematomsohy? ‘Otyetatesontetcte hiensndcnheseaato mise an ene roman | Wh sou you dr doving baseine wth enc steed open? rebissspecniei eee se tcnencd unre aanen ema, How tov poston of cores branes? ‘estes Whyte ceomatogrm pos besa? Avy should startin be above solvent evel? 21s beset nt bear he endo the per at he endo the eperment? ‘Sommainennpesanet be eapannn towmaretr teksto sca Ai does the comer eed ta be dosed wth a? "etme anton enoanteer cool Scanned with CamScanner™=[a Anno eant armen _bata dency of een cr en SSeS | Shithimeesa tren oe Mon Caeuationo relative Atomic Mase | onceo. mi en Br Br N=N a Ha o=0 Re ca 0-8-0 Ceemmecotonoraaaconoe ‘Sire epic enntoaeg | ms maa a S| age | EESRREE —— eS Scanned with CamScannercee ea ete es Conduct elecicty | Conduct electicty | Conduct 4 Using the mobile | withmabileions | eletncty wih Therefore, it cannot conduct electrons found long { onlyin mobile i thecarbonioyers | squeousimolten electrons electricity. eqscusinoton | Metting/boiling point: ‘MgO has a higher Diamond have a higher AbMgpNa ‘meting/boling point than, ‘melting/boting point than NaCl graphite Achisvers Beam @-.o Scanned with CamScannerFormulas and Equa ~ Jonic compound is formed between po: studentsneed tobe able toname anionic _getermine the correct formulawhengivestre Q _ ad, ng tions CONTE COMPOUND) sitive and Negative ions, Pound from the formula gi rename, the formutagiven and als, , Naming of ionic compounds = [Cation] {Anion} Cation iXieu} Metal ‘No change to the name of metal cation. BB Magnesumtoses2 volneelecronstofeem smagnesiumestion Me) ‘L-Ine of halogens changed toide (© Chern ciomsainseaton fom erdeion 2.Names of non-metal ions willend with ide Nid Sue Oe Psp) ‘3.Names of polyatomic ions = Hyaroe(08) + satte(502) o 1 Nitrate O0,) oO = caronate(CO,) te 1 Prosphate(PO.) ‘ (Cams 2. Ammonium (NH, Obtaining formula from name of ionic compounds een ‘Group and classification cofelement in perlodic ee eet eee CoE cepound re anced From the Ca ee and negative hares 9 8CoMoCUT on Tap, the formula “Meaning thatthe positive harris needed tobaance He ~~ tthe ons formed, ont ist thelonic compound magnesium sue MES . ‘Scanned with CamScanner‘Theretsathecrossmethod whch eps to ‘cern the ait aor oars ded tobatincethechargeef los tao the ‘Lethe foots tans tating 2.1ngthenumber tom he cargo ‘elem wns S.wrteformutsscorngtotherumer ctonencese ‘iat aout lnc compounds containing polyatomieios Calum. Cacum brings troup ltmetall le 2 vate ctor frm 2 tn and wi eperience letrostalorcesf attraction ith phosphate PO, ows The common muse 22nd ‘Thus 32" fons ar needa to provide total charge of + tobaancect the etal argeot £2PO} lonswhichs Thus, thermal CPO), ‘The lyram below showshow te cross smcthodiedoneta fiat orm ca. Po® ‘orooinds =< ‘Wate tetas oon 3 zi ‘wthestonton anion. 2g te nmberromth chrsot ions PoBIons ‘helo dlgray downto coan needed needed ‘Shactctnto anon Meeting Nalngae one “arson efecto rmber stoned @-« Q+ ja) oe eicmtnsee (GST Antec nitro ssn niconpoinomed terse orn aneimien pn one moreno Testes tte cempound ome aint | Bacid reactions toremember ea Ald — St Hae se i) + H50jea) = zSOfs0 +H) 2 carbonate A — Set Wr Caton denies 21CO{n| + 2AND{oa) — ZHNO}.H0 + HON)+CO48) 3 Oncor yirnde Ald — St Weer [oi aHete) — zacyoad + 000 = “ 2alkali reactions to remember 4A Ad — Sts Waterton 3) 2 Als nin alt — St oer Annee Hg) + Neca) — KClaa) + omen Scanned with CamScannersa Balancing chemical equations (including ionic equations) will have two requirements: Mocs errreeerrt tena) creer rere ens ect ee cee Inorder to construct ionic equations, we need to first know of the solubilities of the ‘compounds by looking atthe solubility table. Conn {Allaresoluble NL Allaresohble na ‘Allnitrates are soluble NL Mostare soluble ‘AgCl Ag PECL, Pol, GrouptCarbonates,(NH),CO, | Most carbonates areinscluble Most sulfates are solble Group Hydroxide, NHOHC3OH), B(OH), ‘sir, 'B350,,C350, P50, ‘Most hydroxides and oxides areinslubl, For example, using the reaction between ZnO and HC this is what you need to do plas ou after constructing the aso Se Zao o) + 24cl(—) Zoe Ga) + H,000 | Seaman 906) + 2H + 2018) zn) cr +¥4,000 ee | ‘esatesane creat vers ZnO (s) + 2H} 2C1454) — zn [a+r] + H,010 “4.opy the nal ink eaution 200s) + 24° (i) — r ten ‘al — 20 (}+HLOM ‘chet hema MR iomaatmm | “HEISE eae teen Forstep2, when separating font compounds into individual ons, 4 Trenumbernfrontofthe compound willed tobe apo to bth cation and anon 2. The number as subscript needs to only be applied to the ion before it. a, a Ses 5) — (2x23 +12n21¢0,> — Aca" +600, 18) Achievers Dream ‘Scanned with CamScannerUniversal Indicator & pH —SSay Cr \ or cis Sulftr aci can be used in: i Sealine cr “wfc ‘Scanned with CamScanner”HOW TO PREPARE SALTS (ICA-P-T)ean ~ ear phe METHODS io El Example: To prepare NaNO», NaOH & HNO; can be used. Procedure: 1. Placeakngun lume ofthe kal (Nz0H) m2 fonts fase sux 2g Ta aly ed oy 2d suitable nico othe corsa Mas. ‘ren conan oso pres : £ * lote-ifacidin fase methytoronge Mein txample:To prepare insoluble 6250, NassO. {fin onan pt 2.Fter mire to remove excess MO added. ere | Siete iasernetettaon anes, | & Ba(NOse canbe used, : ar c 5. Add HHOs rom a buret ut inscaor ‘anges coun Tate rate of be ohne of ed ‘bee at end ple where colour change eres). «.Repeotsteps 1-3 wth recorded volume of cd toprepare so. winou sing inet. Stat sa sluton to ootan a saturated Sclutor. (Test saturation by dipping sss 1 Into solution. ery form seutonis ‘Sturt 6 Leave set to cool and etal shouts form, 2. ter mare to obtah th NNO) cysts ae ‘nsidve beaker cntalnngNasSOesoluton 244 jahoaesaitonurtinomore pects formed iter mare tobi the ob aS. 98 Therese 5 Wash the residue wth cold diontad wate. 6 hinse eres with cal ceensed nae ‘Tbr toe gcc in betwee lees of ter pape. =— cat pmert ened ‘Dry the inside SaSOsin between pleces of ‘er paper. ire mustbe se Ye nepoat st ore et a te fo, a 6 nse the resdue wth cold deloiad wate. a tees 2. /&\ aes Dream Scanned with CamScanner{White | _ cess peciotate !TsoH a : xe) colourless f one > ~ Scanned with CamScannerNitric acid reacts with carbonate fons, removing it from the solution. This prevents the precipitation of carbonates (which are generally insoluble), Scanned with CamScanneroe QO wage: dctuthcoreeal 10% Steps to Calculate (Table) Step 1: Ate es (a) 8 Step 2: Put by ss sume 100) Step. 3: cota Mle ass) Step 4: Diaby Soest Step 5: Lookout or Special Ratio 38] [Tas a5 T1667 xe ‘Step 6 (Oni forAcua! Formula: [quate Emplrcal Formula to the power ofp | Start from products Pure /Impure x 100% Toa 10.5125 m @ m 1 mol =24dm> = 24000 cm? (Volume of gas) hi <_ x 100% 1mol COz = 6x1023 molecules % Composition of If 6x10 Ch molecules element in compound then, 2 x 6x10" Cl atoms Achievers Dream oe T- Construct Equations (if not given) ‘Step 2. Convert Mole ‘Step 3. Compare Mele ratio ‘Step 4. Convert back to what the question require . Mas2/Volume ofproduce.” te & 10 ‘Step 1: When 2 reactants (that can Calculate mole) are given, identity it as LR question, Step 2: Follow °4C" Formula Step 3: Find LR by inserting step 20 (ind one port for both reactant) The lesser Mole (1 Part) = LR Step 4: Use LR to Solve Question Number s Saves SSC) M-/A, (g/mol) (mol) Atomic mass elemeno) a el Molecular mass (more thon elemere) ‘no.0f moles (mol) Volume (dim) Mass (g) Volume (am) Concentration= (moive) Concentration= vier) ‘mol/dm x Me/Ar= g/drm* @xneeaben 27 Scanned with CamScanner-Oe ae teat aoe cara einer footer} Cre ett Pre eo (oeaaie2 (Ene eretttaeH (haere [alate Scanned with CamScanner—is a STU T]EenSUa NA pee i iH MM) Wu ede Hd l ) ane fet Scanned with CamScanner