Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual

Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

All rights reserved. No part of this Manual maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

MODULE 16
The Digestive System and Digestion

Activity 16.1
Digestive System Structures

Name: ________________________ Date: ____________

Section: _______________________ Score: ___________

1. Fill-in the Table with the Correct Function/s

Structure Function/s

Oral Cavity
Buccinator muscle
Tongue
Palate: hard, soft
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Incisors: Central, Lateral
Canine teeth
Premolars: first, second
Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Cardiac opening, region
Fundus
Body of stomach
Stomach curvatures: greater, lesser
Pyloric opening, region
Rugae
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Circular folds
Common bile duct
Ileocecal junction: valve, sphincter
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Pancreas
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

Pancreatic duct
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Rectum
Anal canal, anus

Lesser omentum
Greater omentum

2. Review Questions

Match the digestive organ listed in column B with the function listed in column A.
Column A Column B

____ 1. produces bile a. salivary glands

____ 2. absorbs water b. esophagus
____ 3. churning occurs here c. stomach
____ 4. muscular tube connecting the laryngopharynx with the stomach
d. small intestine
____ 5. produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions
e. liver

____ 6. secretes a substance that initiates carbohydrate digestion

f. gallbladder
____ 7. stores bile ____
____8. segmentation occurs here g. pancreas

3
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

LABEL THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES

SAGITTAL SECTION OF THE ORAL CAVITY

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means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

5
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means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

Parts of the Stomach

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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

The Human DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

Accessory Digestive organs

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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

Activity 16.2
Enzymes and Digestion

Name: __________________ Date: ___________

Section: ________________ Score: __________

A. Short Answer Essay

1. Assume you have been chewing a piece of bread

for five or six minutes. How would you expect its
taste to change during this time? Why?

2. Bile emulsifies fat. Define emulsification.

3. A cream cheese and jelly sandwich contains

proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Describe what
happens to the lunch when you eat it relative
to events occurring in ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation.

4. What is the harmful result when excessive amounts

of fats are burned to produce ATP? Name two
conditions that might lead to this result.

B. Fill-in

1. Lipase is an enzyme that digests _____ molecules.

2. Amylase is an enzyme that digests ____ molecules.
3. Bile is helpful in preparing _____for digestion
4. The ______secretes bile salts.
5. Polysaccharides are broken apart to yield ____ molecules before being completely
digested.
6. Carbohydrates are absorbed into the body in the form of _____ molecules.
7. _____ tests are used to detect the presence of certain sugars.
8. _____ is a protein catalyzes biochemical reactions.
9. Enzymes called ____ digest sugars such as sucrose and maltose.
10. Glucose is an example of _____type of carbohydrate molecules.

9
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

C. Describe briefly the digestive process of the following:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Lipids

REFERENCES
Module 16 The Digestive System, Enzymes and Digestion

‌(2014). Cancer.Org; American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/stomach-

cancer/about/what-is-stomach-cancer.html

‌Anatomy of the Oral Cavity. (n.d.). BrainKart. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Anatomy-of-the-oral-Cavity_21934/

Anatomy Of The Parotid & Submandibular Glands & Ducts | Dr. Larian. (n.d.).
Www.Parotidsurgerymd.Com. Retrieved April 27, 2020, from
https://www.parotidsurgerymd.com/education/articles/parotid-salivary-gland-info/

Ashok Katta. (2014, July 7). Digestion and Absorption of carbohydrates.

https://www.slideshare.net/ashokktt/digestion-and-absorption-of-carbohydrates-36695573

Chegg.com. (n.d.). Www.Chegg.Com. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from https://www.chegg.com/homework-

help/questions-and-answers/role-liver-metabolism-hdlp-fatty-acids-vldlp-holp-phospholipids-
detoxification-blood-plasm-q20632943

Dental anatomy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image. (n.d.). Medlineplus.Gov. Retrieved July 26,
2020, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/9445.htm

Digestive System Processes and Regulation | Anatomy and Physiology II. (2019). Lumenlearning.Com.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ap2/chapter/digestive-system-processes-and-regulation/

Easton, J. (2018, April 10). ​Specific bacteria in the small intestine are crucial for fat absorption.
Uchicagomedicine.Org; UChicago Medicine.
https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/gastrointestinal-articles/specific-bacteria-in-the-small-
intestine-are-crucial-for-fat-absorption

Small Intestine vs Large Intestine - Difference Between. (n.d.). Theydiffer.Com. Retrieved June 3, 2020,
from https://theydiffer.com/difference-between-the-small-intestine-and-the-large-intestine/

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All rights reserved. No part of this Manual maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
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