FACTORS THAT

AFFECT HEALTH
Overview
p Environmental sanitation
n Water sanitation
n Housing sanitation
n Food and milk sanitation
n Control of air pollution
n Insect and rodent control
n Sewage disposal
Objective of the Session
p Explain how human activities such as
waste disposal affect the
environment
p Explain environmental sanitation and
its importance in prevention of
diseases
 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
p The branch of public health that deals
with the study of preventing illnesses
by managing the environment and
changing people’s behavior to reduce
exposure to biological and non-
biological agents of disease and
injury.
p It deals with disease agents, people
and the environment (triad)
Environmental Health
p Addresses all the physical, chemical, and
biological factors external to the person,
and all the related factors impacting
behaviours
p Involves the assessment and control of
environmental factors that can affect
health
- WHO
Three Strategies to Prevent Disease
p Change the people’s behavior
to manipulate environment
and reduce their exposure
disease agents
p Manipulate the environment to
prevent production of disease
agents
p Increase man’s resistance or
immunity to disease agents.
Environmental Sanitation
p Defined as “The study of
all factors in a man’s
physical environment,
which may give a
deleterious effect on his
health, well-being and
survival”.
Environmental Factors
p Water Sanitation
p Food Sanitation
p Refuse and garbage disposal
p Excreta disposal
p Insect vector and rodent control
p Housing
p Air pollution
p Noises
p Radiological protection
p Institutional sanitation
p Stream pollution
 Health and Sanitation Program
p Sanitation Code of the Philippines
p Environmental health and sanitation
need to be standardized and intensified
p Sanitation related disease
n Diarrhea – leading cause of mortality
n Other diseases - tuberculosis, intestinal
parasitism, schistosomiasis, malaria,
infectious hepatitis, filariasis and dengue
hemorrhagic fever etc.
 Water Supply Sanitation Program
p The DOH has set some policies on the
following areas:
n Approved types of water facilities
n Unapproved type of water facility
n Access to safe and potable water
n Water quality and monitoring surveillance
n Water works/water system and well
construction
Approved Types of Water Facilities
p Level I
n (Point score)
n a protected well or developed spring
with an outlet but without a
distribution system
n generally adaptable for rural areas
where houses are thinly scattered
n Serves an average of 15 households
Approved Types of Water Facilities
p Level II
n (Community Faucet System or stand-
Posts)
n composed of a source, a reservoir, a
piped distribution network with adequate
treatment facility and communal faucets
n One faucet serves 4 to 6 households
n Generally suitable for rural and urban
fringe areas where houses clustered
densely to justify a simple piped system
Approved Types of Water Facilities
p Level III water supply facility/service
n a facility with a source, a reservoir, or
piped distribution network with
adequate treatment facility and
household taps
n suitable for densely populated urban
areas
n has passed the Philippine National
Standards for Drinking water
 Water Quality and Monitoring
Surveillance
p Rural Health Unit (RHU) must have
operational plan for quality and
monitoring surveillance every year.
p Examination of drinking water shall be
performed only in laboratories
accredited by the Department of Health.
p Certification of potability of an existing
water supply is issued by the Secretary
of Health or his duly authorized
representative. ( Local health authority)
 Food Sanitation Program
p Food-borne infection can be due to
unsanitary handling of preparation of
food.
p Policies concerning food handling:
n Food establishments
n Ambulant food vendors
n Household food sanitation
Appraisal of Food Establishments
p Inspection/approval of all food sources,
containers, transport vehicles
p Compliance to sanitary permit
requirements for all food establishments
p Provision of updated health certification
for food handlers, cooks and cook helpers
p Destructing and banning of food unfit for
human consumption
 Appraisal of Food Establishments
p DOH administrative Order No. 1-2006
requires all laboratories to use
Formalin Ether Concentration
Technique (FECT) instead of the direct
fecal smear in the analysis of stool of
food handlers.
p Training of food handlers and
operators on food sanitation
 Appraisal of Food Establishments
p Ambulant food vendors also needs
health certificate which also includes
the presence of intestinal parasite and
bacterial infection
p Household food sanitation are to be
promoted and monitored and food
hygiene education to be intensified
through health education and
provision of
 Four Rights of Food Safety
p Right source
p Right preparation
p Right cooking
p Right storage
Proper Excreta and Sewage Disposal
Program
p Some mothers allow
their children to
defecate elsewhere
despite the
availability of toilet
facilities
Approved Type of Toilet Facilities
p Level I
n Non-water carriage toilet facilities – no
water is necessary to wash the waste
into the receiving space. Examples: pit
latrines
n Toilet facilities requiring small amount of
water to wash the waste into the
receiving space. Example: pour flush
toilet and aqua privies
 Approved Type of Toilet Facilities
p Level II
n on site toilet facilities of the water
carriage type with water-sealed and
flush type with septic vault/tank disposal
facilities
p Level III
n water carriage types of toilet facilities
connected to septic tanks and/or to
sewerage system to treatment plant
Hospital Waste Management
p Disposal of hospital
garbage including
infectious and
pathological wastes
needs to be regulated
as this may cause
transmission of
diseases.
 Hospital Waste Management
Program
p Trainingof all hospital personnel
involved in waste management
shall be an essential part of
hospital training program
 Hospital Waste Management
Program
p DOH Hospital Waste Management
guidelines/policies shall be guided by the
existing legislative health and
environmental protection laws/policies on
waste management
p Local ordinances regarding the collection
and disposal techniques shall be
institutionalized.
Clean Air Act of 1999 – RA 8749
p Provides a comprehensive
air pollution management
and control program to
achieve and maintain
healthy air.
n Section 20 bans the use of
incineration for municipal,
biomedical and hazardous
wastes but allows the
traditional method of small
scale burning.
 Clean Air Act of 1999 – RA 8749
p Allmotor vehicles are required to pass
the smoke emission standard prior to
registration
p Phasing out of leaded gasoline
p Lowering the sulfur content of diesel
fuel
p Banning of smoking in all public
places including vehicles
Insect and Rodent Control
p People in the
community must clean
their environment of
breeding places for
vectors of diseases
such as mosquitoes,
flies, rats etc.
Environmental Health Programs
(by Department of Health)

p Vision:
n Environmental Health (EH) related
diseases are prevented and no longer a
public health problem in the Philippines
(based on strategic Plan 2019-2022)
p Mission
n To guarantee sustainable Environmental
Sanitation (ES) services in every
community
EH Program Components
p Drinking Water Supply
p Sanitation (e.g. excreta, sewage and
septage management)
p Food Sanitation
p Air Pollution
p Chemical safety
p WASH in Emergency Situation
p Climate Change for Health and Health
Impact Assessment (HIA)
EH Program Accomplishments
p Households with access to safe water
has increased from 86.93 in 2014 to
91.06 in 2016
p Household with sanitation toilet
decreased from 84.18 in 2015 to 83.46
in 2016 ( due to typhoons/ calamities)
p Other indicators has been increasing
from 2014-2016
Thank you!!!