TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE PRIMARY GRADES

CHAPTER 5: LESSON 1 – DATA COLLECTION AND REPRESENTATION IN TABLES

CHAPTER 5: LESSON 2 – PICTOGRAPHS

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF BOTOLAN

BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES
 Lesson Outcome:
CHAPTER 5: STATISTICS AND At the end of the lesson, the students
PROBALIBITY FOR PRIMARY should be able to:

LEARNERS • Collect and organize in a table; and

• Read and interpret a table.
DATA
COLLECTION AND
REPRESENTATION
IN TABLES

Four of the top five smallest cities in the

Philippines in terms of land area are found in Metro
Manila. These are San Juan City, Mandaluyong City,
Navotas City and Pasay City.

The top five smallest cities in the Philippines in terms of land area are: San Juan
City- 5.94 sq. km, Mandaluyong City- 9.29 sq. km, Navotas City- 10.77 sq. km, Cavite
City- 10.89 sq. km, and Pasay City- 13.97 sq. km.
This list of cities with their corresponding land area can be called as data. Data is
information, especially facts of numbers, collected to be examined and considered.
The data above can be represented in a table. A table is made up of columns and
rows which are used to make presentation of data or information clearer, more organized
and more attractive. The title of the table is written at the top center. Each column has a
title which is called column header.
The table below shows the data in Did You Know?

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 Top 5 Smallest Cities in the Philippines
Name of City Land Area (sq. km) Rank
San Juan City 5.94 1
Mandaluyong City 9.29 2
Navotas City 10.77 3
Cavite City 10.89 4
Pasay City 13.97 5
The title of the table is Top 5 Smallest Cities in the Philippines. On the other hand,
Name of City, Land Area (sq. km) and Rank are called column header.
Observe that it is now much clearer for us to identify the cities and their respective
land areas and ranks because they arranged in the table.

• A table is made up of rows and columns and is used to present data in a clearer,
more organized and more attractive way.
• A table has a title, column headers and data.
• The column header is called to the title of each column.

A. Study the table and answer the question below.

Top Five Largest Countries in the World
Rank Country Area in sq. km
1 Russia 17 098 242
2 Canada 9 984 670
3 United States 9 826 675
4 China 9 596 960
5 Brazil 8 514 877

1. What is the title of the table?

2. What are the column headers in the table?
3. What country has the largest area?
4. What country has the smallest area?
5. What are the countries whose land areas are bigger than 9 000 000 sq. km?
B. Construct a table for the following data.
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 The following are five of the world’s smallest countries with their land area in
square kilometres.
Monaco-1.95; Tuvalu-26; Vatican City-0.44; San Marino-61, and Nauro-21

Make an inventory of the things you have in your kitchen such as spoon, fork,
plates, etc. and present the data you gather in a table.

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 CHAPTER 5: STATISTICS AND
Lesson Outcomes
PROBABILITY FOR PRIMARY At the end of the lesson, the students
LEARNERS should be able to:
• Interpret pictographs; and
• Construct pictograph.
PICTOGRAPHS

Mt. Pinatubo on the Philippine Island of Luzon

erupted on June 15, 1991, and created the largest
mushroom cloud in the world. Its eruption ejected 10
billion metric tons of magma and million tons of
sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere.

The Philippines is one of the countries with man volcano. In fact, it has 50
volcanoes which makes it the 9th country in the world with the most number of volcanoes.
The top five countries with the most number of volcanoes are: United States – 173:
Russia – 166; Indonesia – 139; Iceland – 130; and Japan – 112. Instead of simply
enumerating or listing these data, we may also present them in a pictograph
A pictograph is a kind of graph used to present data or information, using pictures
that represent numbers. The pictograph has four parts – title, legend, pictures and labels.
The titles tell what the graph is all about. It is written at the center above the graph. The
legend shows how much each picture represents and is found below the graph. The

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pictures correspond to the actual value being represented while the labels tell the
objects being represented or compared.
Below is an example of a pictograph.

Fruits Collected

Banana

Pineapple

Lemon

The pictograph shows the kind and number of fruits collected. We may make a
legend and assign the actual number of fruits in the graph. For instance, if a
represents 10 bananas, then the total number of bananas collected is 4 x 10 or 40.
To construct the pictograph, we use the following steps.
Steps in Constructing Pictographs
1. Write the title at the top of the center.
2. Draw a table with two columns. The number of columns may vary depending on
the data to be included.
3. Write the labels at the first column.
4. Write the legend below the table.
5. Draw the pictures that correspond to the value of the objects or labels, as shown
in the legend.
Let us follow the steps in constructing a pictograph using the following data.
The Grade 2 class has he following number of boys and girls in each of the three
sections:
Grade 2 A: Boys – 20; Girls – 10
Grade 2 B: Boys – 20; Girls – 20

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Grade 2 C: Boys – 10; Girls – 30
In this example, the graph will look like this:

Number of Boys and Girls in Grade 2

Grade and Number of Boys Number of Girls
Section

Grade2-A

Grade 2-B

Grade 2-C

Legend: = 10 boys = 10 girls

The pictograph shows the number of boys and girls in the Grade 2 Classes. The
labels at the left are the grade and section of each class while that on top is the number
of boys and number of girls.

• A number sentence is a statement that shows the relationship between two or

more values.

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 A. Study the pictograph and answer the questions that follow.
Amount of Donation of Five Towns to the Typhoon Victims
Town Amount of Donation
Pavia
San Joaquin
Estancia
Sta. Barbara
Cabatuan
Legend: = ₱1 000 = ₱100
1. How much does a coin represent?
2. How many towns are included in the pictograph?
3. Which town donated the least amount and how much is the amount?
4. Which town donated the biggest amount?
5. How much did Sta. Barbara donate?
6. What towns donated more than ₱4 000?
7. What is the difference between the amount of donations of San Joaquin and
Estancia?
8. What is the total donation of five towns?

B. Construct a pictograph using the following data. Make your own questions about
the graph.
Title: Books displayed in the Philippine University Library
Legend: big book = 500 copies; small book = 200 copies
Labels: Kinds of Books Number of Copies
History 700
Mathematics 1200
Science 1000
Literature 1600
Documentary 900

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 Make a survey on the favourite snacks of your classmates. Then construct a
pictograph using the data collected.

REFERENCES:

• Oronce, Orlando et. al, 2002. MATHEMATICS I. Rex Bookstore Publications.

• Camarista, G.G. 2019. Teaching Mathematics in the Primary Grade.Lorimar Publishing Inc.

Prepared by:

JOEMARK D. ABLIAN
Math Instructor, TEP
Reviewed by:

NILO C. BALANGON, EdD

Program Coordinator, TEP

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