Ge 1-3-2

GE Energy Products – Europe
Rev. : A
Page : 1/21
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE GUIDE
OPERATION GUIDE
1.3. 2. CODED DESIGNATIONS AND GRAPHIC SYMBOLS
What follows will help the reader to understand the various symbols used in the flow
circuit diagrams.
It will help to remember the designations and nomenclatures he must get accustomed to.
NOTE : The symbols given here are those which will be found in the schematics.
1. Coded designations
The apparatus and component nomenclature, or summary, consists of groups of
figures and letters.
Thus, the combination of those figures and letters will indicate the type of component,
and its function, or utilization.
Coded designation, by figures and letters

Figures
The figures correspond to the sort of component or apparatus, the part it plays.
Examples : 12 will be used for the overspeed mechanism
20 will be used for a solenoid valve
23 will be used for a heating device
26 will be used for a temperature switch
33 will be used for a limit switch
39 will be used for a vibration detector
43 will be used for a manual switch
45 will be used for a fire detector
49 will be used for an overload protection
63 will be used for a pressure switch
65 will be used for a servo-valve
71 will be used for a level detecting system
77 will be used for a speed sensor
88 will be used for an electric motor
90 will be used for a modulating valve
96 will be used for a pressure transmitter
etc...
Letters
The letters correspond to the function or the utilization. Sometimes, a letter represents
the first character of a name (a fluid name, for example).
All right reserved copyright - Droits de reproduction réservés

GE 1-3-2.DOC Revision: A Date: 04/04
Rev. : A
Page : 2/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Generally, the first letter correspond to the fluid, or the apparatus location and the
second letter specifies its utilization or function.
Examples :
1st letter : Q for lube oil
H for hydraulic/heater
A for air
F for fuel/flow/fire
D for diesel/divider
C for clutch/compressor/CO2
T for trip/turbine
P for purge
W for water/warm
S for stop/speed/start
G for gas
etc...
2nd letter : A for alarm/accessories/air/atomization
B for booster/bleed
C for cooling/control
D for divider/differential
E for emergency
F for fuel
G for gas
H for heater/high
L for low level/liquid
M for middle/medium/minimum
N for normal
P for pressure/pump
Q for lube oil
R for release/ratio/ratchet
S for start
T for turbine/trip/tank
V for valve/vane
etc...
Examples obtained by combination of letters and figures

63 QA.... Pressure Switch. Causes an Alarm because of lube oil low pressure.
63 QT.... Pressure Switch. Causes a turbine trip. Lube oil pressure too low.

Rev. : A
Page : 3/21
OPERATION GUIDE
26 QT.... Temperature Switch. Causes a turbine trip. Lube oil temperature too
high.
33 HR.... Limit Switch, on Hydraulic Ratchet System.
71 WL.... Level detector. Low level on water system.
88 QE.... Electric motor. Causes the working of the emercency pump, on lube oil
system.
20 CB.... Solenoid valve, for bleeding of the axial compressor.
The apparatus and component nomenclature is at the beginning of the flow circuit
diagrams chapter. See Section 2 ”Device summary” in the Operation chapter (module
12).
Other designations
Apparatus
Some components are coded only through letters, usually their initials, and not by
figures.
Sometimes, a figure appears after the last letter, but only when there are several
similar components in the circuits.
These components are mainly valves :
• VRP are the Pressure Regulating Valves
• VR are the Relief Valves
• VTR are the Temperature Regulating Valves.
Component position or state description :
Some sigla are used to indicate the position or the state of an apparatus, a contact,
etc... such as :
• NO ... normally open,
• NC ... normally closed,
• ND ... normally disengaged,
• NR ... normally retracted,
etc ...
Such a table appears at the beginning of the flow circuit schematics and on the
schematics themvalves.
Circuit marking
The main lines, on circuits, are marked with letters and figures, to help to follow the
fluids from one schematic to an other.
The letters correspond to the fluid, the figures correspond to a chronologic order on a
given fluid flow.

Rev. : A
Page : 4/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Examples :
• OL ... lube oil,
• OLT ... trip oil/control oil,
• OH ... hydraulic oil,
• AD ... compressor discharge air,
• OF ... fuel oil,
• GF ... fuel gas,
• OR ... regulating oil,
• AE ... extraction air,
• DOL ... diesel lube oil,
• AA ... atomizing air,
• OFD ... fuel oil drain,
• GFV ... fuel gas vent,
• WF ... water feed,
• WR ... water return,
• WWL ... warm water line,
• DOF ... diesel fuel oil,
• EE ... engine exhaust,
etc ...
Miscellaneous
• PC ... purchaser connection,
• OD ... oil drain,
• PT ... plug tap,
• S ... sight port,
• T ... thermometer,
• OLV ... lube oil vent,
• AV ... air vent,
• SD ... seal drain,
etc ...

Rev. : A
Page : 5/21
OPERATION GUIDE
2. Graphic symbols
Some basic symbols are USA standard graphic symbols.
The same component may be represented by several graphic symbols, depending on
the standards used, and this makes the work not easy.
Symbols on pipings and tubings

Crossing of lines :
Joining of lines :
Line for pilot fluid
Pneumatic 

 power fluid

Hydraulic 
Leak and seal drains pilot fluid return
Orifices - fixed restrictions

Rev. : A
Page : 6/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Line - flexible
Plugged port
Quick disconnect system, without checks connected
Quick disconnect system, without checks disconnected
Miscellaneous
Each symbol is drawn to show normal, at rest or neutral condition of component unless
multiple diagrams are furnished showing various phases of circuit operation.
Show an actuator symbol for each flow path condition possessed by the component.
An arrow through a symbol at approximately 45 degrees indicates that the component
can be adjusted or varied.
An arrow parallel to the short side of a symbol, within the symbol, indicates that the
component is pressure compensated.

Rev. : A
Page : 7/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Rotating shafts are symbolized by an arrow which indicates direction of rotation

(assume narrow on near side of shaft).
Energy storage and fluid storage
Vented reservoir
Pressurized reservoir
Reservoirs with connecting lines :
above fluid level
below fluid level
* *
* Show line entering or leaving below reservoir, only when such bottom connection is
essential to circuit function.
NOTE : Reservoirs are drawn conventionally with their long dimension in the horizontal
plane. All lines enter and leave from above.

Rev. : A
Page : 8/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Simplified symbols :
below fluid level
Above fluid level
Vented manifold
Accumulator Accumulator spring loaded Accumulator gas charged
Cooler :
Inside triangles indicate heat dissipation
(corners may be filled in, to represent triangles).

Rev. : A
Page : 9/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Heater :
The arrows symbolized the heat diffusion
Cylinders,hydraulic and pneumatic :
Single acting
Double acting = single end rod
Double acting = double end rod
Actuators and controls :
Spring
Manual
Push-button
Lever

Rev. : A
Page : 10/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Mechanical
Detent (show a notch for each detent in the

actual component being symbolized. A shortline
indicates which detent is in use. Detent may, for
convenience, be positioned on either end of
symbol).
Pressure compensated
Solenoid (single winding)
M Reversing motor
Servo (this symbol contains representation

for energy input, command input, and
resultant output)
Composite actuators (and, or, and/or) :
Basic signal
Basic :
One
And :signal only causes the device to operate
AND One signal and a second signal both, cause the
device to operate
Or :
OR One signal or the other signal causes the
device to operate

Rev. : A
Page : 11/21
OPERATION GUIDE
And/or :
AND/OR
The solenoid and the pilot or the manual
overside alone causes the device to operate
Rotary devices :
With rotating shaft, with control and with

drain
Hydraulic pumps :
1. Fixed displacement
 the arrows
Unidirection 
 symbolised

 the fluid
Bidirectional 
 outlet
2. Variable displacement, non-compensated
Unidirectional
(simplified)
Unidirectional
(complete)

Rev. : A
Page : 12/21
OPERATION GUIDE
3. Variable displacement, pressure compensated
Unidirectional
(simplified)
Bidirectional
(simplified)
Bidirectional
(Complete)
Hydraulic motor:
1. Fixed displacement
Unidirectional Bidirectional
2. Variable displacement
Unidirectionnal
Bidirectionnal

Rev. : A
Page : 13/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Electric motor :
Instruments and accessories :
Pressure gauge
Pressure gauge on gauge panel
Thermometer
Orifice plate - Diaphragm
Pitot tube
Hydraulic nozzle
Pneumatic nozzle
Pressure switch

Rev. : A
Page : 14/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Muffler
Valves :
1. A basic valve symbol is composed of one or more envelopes with lines inside the
envelope to represent flow paths and flow conditions between ports. Three symbol
systems are used to represent valve types :
single envelope, both finite and infinite position ; multiple envelope, finite position,
and multiple envelope, infinite position.
2. In infinite position single envelope valve, the envelope is imagined to move to
illustrate how pressure of flow conditions are controlled as the valve is actuated.
3. Multiple envelopes symbolize valves providing more than one finite flow path option
for the fluid. The multiple envelope moves to represent how flow paths change
when the valving element within the component is shifted to its finite positions.
4. Multiple envelopes valves capable of infinite positioning between certain limits are
symbolized as in c above with the addition of horizontal bars which are drawn
parallel to the envelope. The horizontal bars are the clues to the infinite positioning
function possessed by the valve represented.
Single envelope valve :

Between 2 limit positions, they can get all
intermediate position, given by a proper setting.
Multiple envelope valves (flow-no-flow)
Those valves are represented by several envelopes beside

each other. Their quantity is the same as their positions.
1 0 2
. The positions may be represented by figures.
The neutral position is the position at rest that is to say
when the valve is not actuated
The flow position is the position in which the movable parts of
the valve make the passage free inside the valve. This
passage may be obtained by the action of the control system
of the valve. Inside the envelopes, lines give the direction of
the flow. Arrows, give the way of the flow.
Plugged orifices are represented by small lines,
squared with the flow direction.

Rev. : A
Page : 15/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Ports - Internally blocked :
Flow paths, internally open :
Two-way valves (2 ported valves) :
On-off (manual shut-off)
Simplified Off On
Check valves :
Simplified symbol
Flow to the right is blocked. Flow to
the left is permitted.

Rev. : A
Page : 16/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Composite symbol.
Check valve - Pilot operated to open.
Check valve - Pilot operated to close
Two-way valves
Two position :
Normally closed Normally open
Infinite position :
Normally closed Normally open
Three-way valves
Two position :
Normally open Normally closed

Rev. : A
Page : 17/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Four-way valves
Two position :
Normal(at rest)
Actuated
Three position :
Normal
Actuated left Actuated right
Typical flow paths for center condition of three-position valves :

Rev. : A
Page : 18/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Pressure control valves

Pressure relief :
Pilot pressure to actuate the valve,

at an adjusted value
Actuated
Simplified symbol
Normal
Sequence valve :
At once a pre-setted pressure is reached, the sequence valve is opened by its action,
and stay open, as long as the pressure is maintained above the setted value. So the
flow can go through the valve.
Simplified symbol
Simplified symbol with seal

Rev. : A
Page : 19/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Pressure reducing :
Their function is to maintain a constant outlet pressure, whatever the inlet pressure is.
The inlet pressure of course must be higher than the wanted pressure.
Infinite positioning three-way valves :
Infinite positioning four-way valves :
Flow control valves
Adjustable, non compensated (flow control in each direction).

Rev. : A
Page : 20/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Adjustable with by-passFlow is

controlled to the rightFlow to the
left by-passes control
Representative composite symbols
Component enclosure
Component enclosures may surround a complete symbol or a group of symbols to

represent an assembly.
It is used to convey more information about component connections and functions.
Enclosure indicates extremity of component or assembly.
External ports are assumed to be on enclosure line and indicate connections to
component.
Flow lines shall cross enclosure line without loops or dots.
Components on pneumatic or fuel gas lines
Filter Filter with drain
Separator Separator with drain

Rev. : A
Page : 21/21
OPERATION GUIDE
Ejector


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GE Energy Products – Europe

1.3. 2. CODED DESIGNATIONS AND GRAPHIC SYMBOLS

Coded designation, by figures and letters

All right reserved copyright - Droits de reproduction réservés

Examples obtained by combination of letters and figures

All right reserved copyright - Droits de reproduction réservés

All right reserved copyright - Droits de reproduction réservés

All right reserved copyright - Droits de reproduction réservés

Symbols on pipings and tubings

Line for pilot fluid

Leak and seal drains pilot fluid return

Orifices - fixed restrictions

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Quick disconnect system, without checks connected

Quick disconnect system, without checks disconnected

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Rotating shafts are symbolized by an arrow which indicates direction of rotation

Energy storage and fluid storage

Reservoirs with connecting lines :

above fluid level

below fluid level

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below fluid level

Above fluid level

Accumulator Accumulator spring loaded Accumulator gas charged

Inside triangles indicate heat dissipation

(corners may be filled in, to represent triangles).

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The arrows symbolized the heat diffusion

Cylinders,hydraulic and pneumatic :

Double acting = single end rod

Double acting = double end rod

Actuators and controls :

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Detent (show a notch for each detent in the

Solenoid (single winding)

Servo (this symbol contains representation

Composite actuators (and, or, and/or) :

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With rotating shaft, with control and with

2. Variable displacement, non-compensated

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3. Variable displacement, pressure compensated

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Instruments and accessories :

Pressure gauge on gauge panel

Orifice plate - Diaphragm

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Single envelope valve :

Multiple envelope valves (flow-no-flow)

Those valves are represented by several envelopes beside

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Ports - Internally blocked :

Flow paths, internally open :

Two-way valves (2 ported valves) :

On-off (manual shut-off)

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Check valve - Pilot operated to open.

Check valve - Pilot operated to close

Normally closed Normally open

Normally open Normally closed

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Actuated left Actuated right