J BASETo Oracle

jBASE To Oracle
• TEMENOS EDUCATION CENTRE
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Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Copyright © 2004 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV
Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV

Agenda
• Day 1
– J4 data storage – An overview
– Oracle data storage – An overview
– XML – An overview
– Oracle architecture – An overview
• Methods of connecting to Oracle
• Oracle database
• Initialization parameter file
• Starting and shutting down Oracle
• Alert log and trace file
• Creating a database
• Physical storage structures in Oracle
T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 2

Agenda (Cont.)
• Day 2
– jBASE to Oracle conversion
– Working of JQL commands in Oracle
– Backup and restore in Oracle

Introduction
• Oracle - RDBMS
• Currently using 9i
• Recent release 10g
• T24 - Use Oracle to store data
• The jEDI driver establishes communication between T24 and
Oracle.
• jEDI driver release – 2.0.5

Data Storage In J4

Data Storage In Oracle

Data Storage In Oracle – T24 Browser

Introduction To XML
• XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language

• XML is a markup language much like HTML
• XML was designed to describe data
• XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags
• XML uses a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML
Schema to describe the data
• XML with a DTD or XML Schema is designed to be self-
descriptive
• XML is a W3C Recommendation

XML And HTML
• XML was designed to carry data.

• XML is not a replacement for HTML.
XML and HTML were designed with different goals:
• XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data
is.HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data
looks.
• HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about
describing information.

Building Blocks Of XML Document
• Elements
• Tags
• Attributes
• Entities
• PCDATA <messages>
<note id="p501">
• CDATA <to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
<note id="p502">
<to>Jani</to>
<from>Tove</from>
<heading>Re: Reminder</heading>
<body>I will not!</body>
</note>
</messages>

Oracle Architecture
Oracle Oracle
Database Instance
Oracle
Oracle Server
Server

Connecting To Oracle
User Server
Process Process Oracle Server
Client Server

Connecting To Oracle (Cont.)
• IPC method
– Logs on the server running Oracle
• Client server connection method (T24 Desktop)

– Start an application on a local computer
– Connect to a server running Oracle over the network
• Three tired connection method (T24 Browser)

– User computer
– Application server
– Database server

Dedicated Server Connection (Method used in T24)

Shared Server Connection

What we have learnt so far
• Oracle server consists of an Oracle Instance and an Oracle

Database
• Oracle Instance is a set of memory structures and background
processes
• Oracle database is a collection of database files
• T24 uses the dedicated server connection to connect to Oracle

Oracle Database

Data Files
• Oracle database has one or more data files

• Physical structures
• Contain logical storage elements known as segments
– Example : Table segment (Stores table data)

Control Files
• Binary file
• Read during database startup to determine if the database is in a
valid state
• Updated continuously by Oracle
• If corrupt – Oracle will stop functioning
• Default – 3 control files
• Can have a maximum of 8 copies of the control file
• Holds
– Database name
– Time stamp of database creation
– Name and location of data files
– Backup information

Log Files
• Contains redo information
• Similar to F.JOURNAL
• Compare it to jBASE Transaction Journaling
• Any DML is written to a log file and then to the data file
• Should have multiple log files – enable log switch

Parameter File
• Holds Oracle initialization parameters

• Parameters determine the size and the working of the various
components of Oracle
• Oracle parameters – jBASE variables
• Required for startup

Password File
• Holds the names and passwords of users who can start and
shutdown Oracle
• Referred only when started or shutdown

Archived Log Files
• Archived copies of filled up redo log files

• Log files are archived when log switches happen

• Oracle database consists of physical database files that store

data
• Data files hold actual data
• Control file – binary file holds crucial information about the
database
• Log files – Hold redo information
• Parameter File – Holds the Oracle parameters
• Password File - Holds the user name and password of users who
can start and shutdown Oracle
• Archived log files – Archived copies of filled up log files

Initialization Parameter File
Initialization Parameter File
PFILE SPFILE

PFILE
• Static parameter file

• Text file
• Modifications take effect on subsequent startup
• Referred – Startup of Oracle
• Location
– $ORACLE_HOME/dbs (Unix)
– %ORACLE_HOME%\database (Windows)
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID

Creating A PFILE
• Default PFILE - $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora
cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initt24.ora

SPFILE
• New to Oracle 9i
• Binary file
• Dynamically change values
• If edited becomes useless
• Default location : $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

Creating A SPFILE
• Created from PFILE
CREATE SPFILE = ‘$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilet24.ora’ from

PFILE = ’$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfilet24.ora’
CREATE SPFILE from PFILE
• Create PFILE from SPFILE
CREATE PFILE from SPFILE

Viewing The Contents Of The SPFILE
SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$PARAMETER
DESC V$PARAMETER

Mandatory Parameters For The Initialization Parameter File
• BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST
• COMPATIBLE
• CONTROL_FILES
• DB_CACHE_SIZE
• DB_NAME
• SHARED_POOL_SIZE
• USER_DUMP_DEST

Altering Values In The SPFILE
• Set a value
ALTER SYSTEM SET <Parameter Name> = <value>

[SCOPE = MEMORY|SPFILE|BOTH]
• Reset a value
ALTER SYSTEM RESET <Parameter Name>

[SCOPE = MEMORY|SPFILE|BOTH]

Starting Oracle
• Command to be used – STARTUP

• Order of usage of initialization parameter files
– spfile<SID>.ora
– spfile.ora – Default spfile
– init<SID>.ora
– init.ora – Default pfile
• Force usage of PFILE
STARTUP PFILE = $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initT24.ora

Stages Of Startup

Startup Commands
STARTUP NOMOUNT
STARTUP MOUNT
STARTUP OPEN
STARTUP PFILE = <PFILE location and file name>
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY

Shutting Down Oracle
SHUTDOWN ABORT
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL
SHUTDOWN NORMAL

• PFILE – Initialization parameter file - Text file

• SPFILE - Initialization parameter file - Binary file
• Create PFILE and SPFILE
• Start Oracle
– Startup nomount
– Startup mount
– Startup open
• Shutdown Oracle

Alert Log And Trace Files
BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST
• Alert log file – alert<SID>.log
• Information
– When database was started/shutdown
– When background processes were started
– Current LSN number
– Log switch information
– Creation of objects
– Details of ALTER statements
– Error messages

Background Trace Files
BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST
• For background processes
• <SID>_<Process Name>_<Process ID>.trc

User Trace Files
USER_DUMP_DEST
MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE
• Follow the naming convention <SID>_ora_<Process ID>.trc

• Information regarding SQL statements executed by a user
• Set SQL_TRACE to TRUE
• Holds error messages
ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE TRUE

ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE FALSE

Create A Database – Using DBCA
Demo

Data Storage Architecture In Oracle

Tablespaces
o Logical structures
o Can belong to only one database at a time
o Contains one or more operating system files which are known as
data files
o SYSTEM and the non SYSTEM tablespace
o Can be switched between read/write and read-only status

Data Files
• Physical structures
• Can belong to only one tablespace
• Size can adjusted manually or can be set automatically
• Have extension .dbf

Types Of Tablespaces

Create A Tablespace
CREATE TABLESPACE R5
DATAFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/datafile01.dbf’ SIZE 10M;

Space Management In Tablespaces

Creating A Locally Managed Tablespace
DATAFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/tablespace1.dbf’ SIZE 100M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 128K

Undo Tablespace
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS

DATAFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/undo01.dbf’ SIZE 50M;

Temporary Tablespace
• Store temporary data

• Non standard block size cannot be specified
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTBS

TEMPFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/temp01.dbf’ SIZE 50M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 4M;

Assigning A Default Temporary Tablespace
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTBS;

Making Tablespaces Offline
• To perform backup
• Recover a tablespace or a data file when the database is online
• Move a data file when the database is online
• When a tablespace is made offline
– Control file is updated
– Users trying to access objects in the tablespace get an error
– Will remain in offline mode when database is restarted as well
ALTER TABLESPACE T24 OFFLINE;
ALTER TABLESPACE T24 ONLINE;

Data File Management
• Automatically extend
DATAFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/DATAFILE1.DBF’ SIZE 5M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M MAXSIZE 200M;
ALTER DATABASE
DATAFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/DATAFILE1.DBF’ SIZE 5M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M;

Obtain Autoextend information
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, AUTOEXTENSIBILE FROM

DBA_DATA_FILES;

Manually Resize A Data File
ALTER DATABASE
DATAFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/DATAFILE1.DBF’ RESIZE 300M;

Data File Management (Cont.)
• Adding data files to a tablespace
ALTER TABLESPACE T24

ADD DATAFILE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/DATAFILE3.DBF’ SIZE 100M;
• Moving data file to a another location
ALTER TABLESPACE T24 OFFLINE;

ALTER TABLESPACE ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/datafile1.dbf’ TO
‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/datafile2.dbf’
ALTER TABLESPACE T24 ONLINE;

Data File Management (Cont.)
• Move a data file in the SYSTEM tablespace
SHUTDOWN
STARTUP MOUNT
ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE
‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/system1.dbf’
TO ‘$ORACLE_HOME/ORADATA/T24/systemnew.dbf’
• Dropping a tablespace
DROP TABLESPACE T24

INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;

Views
• Tablespace information
– DBA_TABLESPACES
– V$TABLESPACE
• Data file information
– DBA_DATA_FILES
– V$DATAFILE
• Temp file information
– DBA_TEMP_FILES
– V$TEMPFILE

What We Have Learnt So Far
• Tablespace
• Data file
• SYSTEM and NON SYSTEM tablespace
• Create a locally managed tablespace
• Temporary tablespace
• Undo tablespace
• Readonly tablespace
• Offline tablespace
• Space management in data files

Creating Users In Oracle
• When a user is created a schema is created for the user

• Schema has the same name of that of the user
• Schema contains
• Tables
• Triggers
• Constraints
• Indexes
• Views
• Sequences
• Stored procedures etc.

Creating A User
CREATE USER TRGUSER

IDENTIFIED BY TRAINING
DEFAULT TABLESPACE T24
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
QUOTA 50M ON DATATBS
QUOTA 50M ON USERS

Altering Quota Definition For Users
ALTER USER TRGUSER

QUOTA 100M ON USERS;

Dropping A User
DROP USER TRGUSER;

DROP USER TRGUSER CASCADE;

Views
• DBA_USERS
• DBA_TS_QUOTAS

Role Management
• Group of related privileges

• Can be granted to users
• Can be granted to roles

Role Management Commands

jBASE To Oracle Conversion
• Oracle setup
– Create database
– Check pfile setting
– Create user
CREATE USER ORAUSER IDENTIFIED BY orauser;

ALTER USER ORAUSER DEFAULT TABLESPACE GLOBUSDATAXML;
ALTER USER ORAUSER TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP;
CREATE ROLE globus IDENTIFIED BY globus;

GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, QUERY REWRITE TO globus;
GRANT globus TO orauser;

• Oracle Setup (Cont.)

– Create the tablespaces
CREATE TABLESPACE GLOBUSDATAXML

DATAFILE ‘C:\Oracle\Ora92\TRGT24\DATAFILE1.DBF’ SIZE 500M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M,
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE;
CREATE TABLESPACE GLOBUSINDEXXML

AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M,
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE;

• Oracle Setup (Cont.)

– Alter user definition
ALTER USER orauser QUOTA UNLIMITED ON GLOBUSDATAXML;

ALTER USER orauser QUOTA UNLIMITED ON GLOBUSINDEXXML;
• Execute package.sql

• Installing the XMLOracle driver

– bin
– lib
– sql
libXMLORACLE.so and libXMLORACLE.so.el

• Installing the XMLOracle Driver
REM A separate variable named ORADRIVERPATH has been

defined to ease
REM driver setup. The name can be any user define name.
set ORADRIVERPATH=C:\alm\LocalHosts\Oradriver
set ORA_HOME=c:\oracle\ora92
set ORACLE_SID=TRGT24
set JEDI_SOB_NOCLOSE=1
set ORACLE_SHLIB=%ORA_HOME%\lib
set ORACLE_SHLIB_PATH=%ORA_HOME%\lib
set ORACLELD_LIBRARY_PATH=%ORA_HOME%\lib
set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1
set PATH=%PATH%:%ORADRIVERPATH%\bin
set JBCOBJECTLIST=%JBCOBJECTLIST%:%ORADRIVERPATH%\bin

• XMLOracle driver configuration

– Create the jedi_config file
jsh..>cd %JBCRELEASEDIR%\config
jsh..>CREATE.FILE jedi_config 1 1

• XMLOracle driver configuration

• Test XMLOracle driver configuration
SELECT * FROM STUBFILES WHERE ID LIKE ‘%TRG_EXAMPLE%’;

• Test the XMLOracle driver

• Pre Conversion
EB.COMPILE BP SESSION.TO.CONVERT.TO.JBASE
EB.COMPILE BP DBCOPY.JBASE
EB.COMPILE BP SELECT.FILES.TO.CONVERT.JBASE
EB.COMPILE BP BUILD.EDICT.JBASE
EB.COMPILE BP EB.CREATE.VIEW

• Running Conversion
– SELECT.FILES.TO.CONVERT.JBASE
• Create the F.SELECTED.FILES under bnk.run
– SESSION.CONVERT.TO.JBASE
• Take input from F.SELECTED.FILES
• Call DBCOPY.JBASE
• Create files of type XMLORACLE
• Create an entry in the STUBFILES table
• Create a primary key constraint and an index
• Store tables in GLOBUSDATAXML
• Store indexes in GLOBUSINDEXXML
• Update jBASE stub files

• Post Conversion

JQL Commands In Oracle
• Setting TRACE on
export JEDI_XMLORACLE_TRACE=1:Unix
set JEDI_XMLORACLE_TRACE=1:Windows

• Scenario 1
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT
• Scenario 2
Secondary Prompt

• Scenario 3
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT WITH @ID = 25143
• Scenario 4
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT WITH CATEGORY = 1001
– Rebuild SS
SELECT VIEW_NAME FROM USER_VIEWS;
DESC <View Name>

• Scenario 4 (Cont.)
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT WITH CATEGORY = 1001
CREATE-EXTINDEX FBNK.ACCOUNT CATEGORY
DROP INDEX ix_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT_c2

/
CREATE INDEX ix_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT_c2 ON ACFBNK_ACCOUNT x
(substr(extractValue(x.xmlrecord,'/row/c2'),1,6))
/
analyze table ACFBNK_ACCOUNT compute statistics
/
SELECT INDEX_NAME FROM USER_INDEXES WHERE INDEX_NAME LIKE

‘ix%’

• Scenario 4 (Cont.)
– Check if index has been used
ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE TRUE

SELECT RECID FROM V_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE (CATEGORY = ‘1001’)

• Scenario 5
JQL Oracle SQL View Index
Used Used
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM V_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( Y Y

WITH CATEGORY > 1001 CATEGORY > '1001' )
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM V_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( CATEGORY Y Y

WITH CATEGORY >= 1001 >= '1001' )
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM V_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( Y Y

WITH CATEGORY < 1001 CATEGORY < '1001' )

WITH CATEGORY <= 1001 <= '1001' )
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM AC_FBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( ( CATEGORY N N

WITH CATEGORY NE 1001 != '1001' OR CATEGORY IS NULL ) )
This above query will result in a full table scan
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM FBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( ( CATEGORY = '' N N

WITH CATEGORY = ‘’ OR CATEGORY IS NULL ) )
This above query will result in a full table scan

Used Used
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT t.RECID FROM ACFBNK_ACCOUNT t N N

WITH CATEGORY LIKE
…10…
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM V_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( CATEGORY Y N

WITH CATEGORY LIKE LIKE '%10%' ESCAPE '\' )
…’10’…
SELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM V_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( CATEGORY Y N

WITH CATEGORY LIKE LIKE '%10%' ESCAPE '\' )
“…’10’…”

WITH CATEGORY LIKE Will report a message ‘Mismatched Token’ in the
ORAdriver.log file
‘10’…

WITH CATEGORY LIKE LIKE '10%' ESCAPE '\' )
“‘10’…”
SSELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM ACFBNK_ACCOUNT N N

Will perform a full table scan. That is, perform a
READNEXT for each ID in the ACFBNK_ACCOUNT table


Used Used
SSELECT FBNK.ACCOUNT SELECT RECID FROM V_ACFBNK_ACCOUNT WHERE ( CATEGORY = Y Y

WITH CATEGORY = 1001 '1001' ) ORDER BY RECID

BY @ID Will perform a full table scan – perform a READNEXT for
each ID in the ACFBNK_ACCOUNT table

BY CATEGORY Will perform a full table scan – perform a READNEXT for

BY.DSND @ID Will perform a full table scan – perform a READNEXT for

• Scenario 6
– Select on multi value fields
• Scenario 7
– Select on local reference fields

• Scenario 8
– CREATE.FILE
CREATE.FILE TRG.FILE1 TYPE=XMLORACLE
• Scenario 9
– CLEAR.FILE
• Scenario 10
– DELETE.FILE

• Scenario 11
– Working of OPF/F.READ/F.WRITE
– F.READU
*Routine to update a value TRG in the field TEXT
*for customer 100069
SUBROUTINE TEST1
$INSERT I_COMMON
$INSERT I_EQUATE
$INSERT I_F.CUSTOMER
FN.CUS = 'F.CUSTOMER'
F.CUS = ''
Y.CUS.ID = 100069
R.CUS = ''
Y.CUS.ERR = ''
CALL OPF(FN.CUS,F.CUS)
CALL F.READ(FN.CUS,Y.CUS.ID,R.CUS,F.CUS,Y.CUS.ERR)
R.CUS<EB.CUS.TEXT,-1> = "TRG" ;* TEXT is a multivalue field
CALL F.WRITE(FN.CUS,Y.CUS.ID,R.CUS)
CALL JOURNAL.UPDATE(Y.CUS.ID)
RETURN
END

• Scenario 12
– Working of TRANSSTART and TRANSEND

An Insight Into Querying XML Records
SELECT x.XMLRECORD.getClobVal() FROM STFBNK_CUST000 x WHERE

RECID = ‘100069’
INSERT INTO TRG_FILE1 (RECID,XMLRECORD) VALUES

(‘1’,XMLTYPE.createXML
(‘<row id=”1”><c1>alm</c1><c2>Alagammai</c2></row>’))
SELECT RECID,
substr(extractValue(x.xmlrecord,'/row/c17'),1,2) "RESIDENCE",
substr(extractValue(x.xmlrecord,'/row/c15'),1,2) "NATIONALITY"
FROM
STFBNK_CUST000 x;
SELECT RECID,
substr(extractValue(x.xmlrecord,'/row/c12[@m=2]'),1,2)
"OTHER.OFFICER"
FROM STFBNK_CUST000 x;
SELECT RECID,
substr(extractValue(x.xmlrecord,'/row/c17[@m=2][@s=2]'),1,2)
"TEXT"
FROM EBF_VERSION x;

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jBASE To Oracle

• TEMENOS EDUCATION CENTRE

Copyright © 2004 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV

Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 2

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 3

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 4

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 5

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 6

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 7

• XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 8

• XML was designed to carry data.

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 9

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 10

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 11

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 12

• Client server connection method (T24 Desktop)

• Three tired connection method (T24 Browser)

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 13

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 14

T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 15

• Oracle server consists of an Oracle Instance and an Oracle

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T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 17

• Oracle database has one or more data files

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T3JTO – R05 – 1.0 Copyright © 2005 TEMENOS HOLDINGS NV 19

• Contains redo information

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• Holds Oracle initialization parameters

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• Archived copies of filled up redo log files

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• Oracle database consists of physical database files that store

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Initialization Parameter File

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• Static parameter file

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• Default PFILE - $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora

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• Created from PFILE

CREATE SPFILE = ‘$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilet24.ora’ from

CREATE SPFILE from PFILE

• Create PFILE from SPFILE

CREATE PFILE from SPFILE

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SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$PARAMETER

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ALTER SYSTEM SET <Parameter Name> = <value>

ALTER SYSTEM RESET <Parameter Name>

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• Command to be used – STARTUP

• Force usage of PFILE

STARTUP PFILE = $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initT24.ora

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ALTER DATABASE MOUNT

ALTER DATABASE OPEN