CBSE Class 12 Physics Current Electricity Practice Question Solutions

BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I (CBSE Grade
12)
Date: 11/11/2021
Subject: Physics
Topic : Current Electricity Class: Standard XII
1. A current of 5 A\left{\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{th} is passing through a metallic wire of cross sectional

area 14 × 10 m . If the density of the charge carries in the wire is 5 × 10 C/m , the drift
−6 2 26 3
speed of the electrons.
 A. 3.46 × 10
−3
ms
−1
 B. 4.46 × 10
−3
ms
−1
 C. 5.46 × 10
−3
ms
−1
 D. 6.46 × 10
−3
ms
−1
−6 2 26 3
I = 5 A ; A = 14 × 10 m ; n = 5 × 10 C/m
Charge of an electron,e = 1.6 × 10 −19

C
I
Drift speed V d =
neA
Substituting the data given in the question,

5
Vd =
5 × 10
26
× 1.6 × 10
−19
× 14 × 10
−6

1 1 −3 −1
Vd = = = 4.46 × 10 ms
16 × 14 244
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

12)
2. A hollow cylinder of length 3 m has inner and outer diameters of 4 mm and 8 mm respectively.
The resistance of the cylinder is (specific resistance of the material = 2.2 × 10 Ωm) −8
 A. 1.75 × 10
−3
Ω
 B. 1.25 × 10
−3
Ω
 C. 1.5 × 10
−3
Ω
 D. 1.95 × 10
−3
Ω
−8
4 −3
8 −3
l = 3 m; ρ = 2.2 × 10 mm ; r1 = = 2 mm = 2 × 10 m ; r2 = = 4 mm = 4 × 10 m
2 2
−8
2.2 × 10 × 3
The resistance , R =
22 2 2 −6
× [4 − 2 ] × 10
7

−9
21 × 10 7 −3
R = = × 10 Ω
12 × 10
−6
4
−3
R = 1.75 × 10 Ω


12)
3. Two cells A and B each of 2 V are connected in series to an external resistance R = 1 Ω as
shown in figure. If the internal resistance of A is r A
= 1.9 Ω and that of B is r B = 0.9 Ω , then the
potential difference between the terminals of A is

 A. 1.75 V
 B. 1.5 V
 C. 1.25 V
 D. zero
Total voltage
I =
Total resistance
VA + VB
∴ I =
(R + r + r )
A B
Substituting the data given in the question gives,

2 + 2 4
I = = A
1 + 1.9 + 0.9
3.8

Potential difference of A is , V A
= E A − I rA
4
⇒ VA = 2 − ( × 1.9) = 2 − 2 = 0 V
3.8

12)
4. The variation of current and voltage in a conductor has been shown in figure. The conductance
of the conductor is (Give your answer in Ω ). −1
 A. 1
 B. 1
 C. 1
 D. 1
4
ΔI 1
From the given figure, Slope = =
ΔV R
∘
4 1 12
tan 45 = = ⇒ R = = 3Ω
12 R 4
⇒ R = 3Ω

1 1
Thus, Conductance G = = Ω
−1
.
R 3

12)
5. The resistance of a metal wire is 10Ω. A current of 30 mA is flowing in it at 20 ∘

C . If the potential
difference across its ends is constant and its increased to 120 ∘
C , then the current flowing in the
wire will be in (mA) (temperature coefficient of resistance is 5 × 10 −3 ∘
C
−1
.
 A. 10
 B. 15
 C. 20
 D. 40
From Ohm's law, when the potential difference between two points is same, then we can say
that,

V = I1 R 1 = I2 R 2
Where R 1 and R2 are the resistance at t ∘ ∘

C and t C respectively.

1 2
R1
Thus, I 2 = I1 ( ) and from the data given in the question, α = 5 × 10 −3 ∘
C
−1
R2
R1 R0 [1 + α t1 ]
Also, =
R [1 + α t ]
R2 0 2
Substituting the data gives,

−3
R1 1 + (5 × 10 × 20) 1 + 0.1 1.1 11
= = = =
R2 1 + (5 × 10
−3
× 120) 1 + 0.6 1.6 16
R1 11 330
∴ I2 = I1 ( ) = 30 × = ≈ 20 mA
R2 16 16

12)
6. In an experiment with potentiometer , to measure the internal resistance of a cell. When it is

shunted by 5Ω the null point obtained is at 2 m from one end. When cell is shunted by 20Ω, the
null point is obtained at 3 m from the same end. The internal resistance of cell is
 A. 8Ω
 B. 6Ω
 C. 4Ω
 D. 2Ω
Let the internal resistance of the cell be r.
V1 = I1 R1 . . . . . (1)
V2 = I2 R2 . . . . . (2) E = I2 (R2 + r) = I1 (R1 + r) . . . . . (3)
Using these equation we get,

I1 R2 + r
=
I2 R1 + r
V1 I1 R1 I ρl1 R1 R2 + r
= × ( ) = = × [ ]
V2 I2 R2 I ρl2 R2 R1 + r
l1 R1 R2 + r 2 5 20 + r
= [ ] ⇒ = [ ]
l2 R2 R1 + r 3 20 5 + r
8(5 + r) = 60 + 3r
8r − 3r = 60 − 40 = 20
5r = 20

20
r = = 4Ω
5

12)
7. The colour coding on a resistor from the left are blue, yellow, red and silver as shown in figure.
The value of resistance is

 A. 6400 Ω ± 20
 B. 6400 Ω ± 10
 C. 4600 Ω ± 10
 D. 6400 Ω ± 5
Blue : 6 ; Yellow : 4 ; Red : 2 ; Silver : 10 %

2
∴ Resistance R = 64 × 10 Ω ± 10
(i.e) R = 6400 Ω ± 10

12)
8. In a meter bridge experiment, resistances are connected as shown in figure. The balancing
length l is 55 cm. Now an unknown resistance x is connected in series with P and the new
1
balancing length is found to be 75 cm. The value of x is
 A. 54
Ω
13
 B. 20
Ω
11
 C. 48
Ω
11
 D. 11
Ω
48
For the meter bridge shown in figure the balancing length is l 1 = 55 cm .

Applying balanced condition for meter bridge

RP l1
=
RQ 100 − l1
3 55
=
RQ 45
45 × 3 27
∴ RQ = = Ω
55
11

Now an unknown resistance is connected in series with P and the balancing length is found to
be l = 75 cm
2

12)
Applying the balancing condition for 2nd case,

3 + x l2
=
RQ 100 − l2
(∵ RQ = 27/11 Ω &l 2 = 75 cm)
(3 + x)11 75
=
27 25
(3 + x)11 = 81
48
∴ x = Ω
11
Ans : (c)

Why this question ?

Tip: In such problems
of meter bridge whenever an unknown resistance is connected in series
or parallel with any of the arm resistances, first find out net resistance for that arm and then
apply balanced bridge condition for new null point.

12)
9. As the switch S is closed in the circuit shown in figure, current passing through it will be

 A. 4.5 A
 B. 6.0 A
 C. 8/25 A
 D. 25/8 A

12)
Let at junction C, potential is V

Applying Kirchhoff's junction law at C.

i1 + i2 = i3
VA − VC VB − VC VC − VD
⇒ + =
4 4 2
putting the given values, we get

20 − V 5 − V V − 0
⇒ + =
4 4 2
⇒ 4V = 25

25
∴ V = V
4
Therefore, current through switch S will be

V 25/4 − 0 25
i3 = = = A
R 2
8

Hence, option (d) is correct.

12)
10. Resistance of a wire is 8Ω.It is stretched in such away that it experiences a longitudinal strain of
400%. The new resistance is
 A. 400 Ω
 B. 300 Ω
 C. 200 Ω
 D. 100 Ω
Δl 400
longitudinal strain , = = 4
l 100
⇒ Δl = 4l

Initial length = l

Final length = l + Δl = l + 4l = 5l

As length is increased by n = 5

2
ρl
We know that , Resistance R =
V
The new resistance R ′ 2

= n R
′ 2
⇒ R = 5 × 8 = 25 × 8 = 200 Ω
11. In the question given below, a statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statements mark the correct answer.

Assertion (A): Potentiometer is much better than a voltmeter for measuring emf of cell.

Reason (R): A potentiometer draws no current while measuring emf of a cell.
 A. Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'.
 B. Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct explanation of 'A'
 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false
 D. 'A' is false and 'R' is true

Because voltmeter draws a small current from the main circuit, where the Potential difference
between the two points is to be measured, the reading shown by the voltmeter is not accurate.

But in potentiometer, it draws no current while measuring either emf/Potential difference. So, it is
more accurate in measuring the emf.

12)

Assertion (A): In meterbridge experiment a high resistance is connected in series with the
galvanometer.

Reason (R): As resistance increases, current through the circuit increases.

 A. Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'.
 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false

The purpose of connecting the high resistance in series with galvanometer is to protect the
galvanometer from the high current. i.e high current flow through the galvanometer damages its
coil.

Assertion (A): Terminal voltage of a cell is greater than emf of the cell, during charging of the
cell.

Reason (R): The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage.
 A. Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'.
 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false

During charging, the terminal voltage across the battery is greater than the emf of the cell. Then
only the cell will be charged i.e the current will flow through it.

EMF is greater than the terminal voltage only when the cell delivers the current to the external
circuit.

12)

Assertion (A): At any junction of a network , the algebraic sum of various currents is zero.

Reason (R): At steady state , there is no accumulation of charges at the junction.
 A. Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'.
 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false

From the statement of Kirchhoff's junction law, "Sum of all the incoming currents is equal to sum
of all outgoing currents at a junction" , when the circuit is in its steady state.

15. Assertion (A): A piece of copper and other of germanium are cooled from room temperature to
100 K . Conductivity of copper increases and that of germanium decreases.
Reason (R): Copper has positive temperature coefficient where as germamium has negative
temperature coefficient.

Study both the statements carefully and then

Select your answers, according to the codes given below
 A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
 B. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
 C. A is true and R is false
 D. A is false and R is true

Variation of resistivity with temperature is
ρ = ρ (1 + αΔT )
0
As copper is a conductor and germanium is a semi-conductor, copper has positive temperature

coefficient where as germamium has negative temperature coefficient.

So, when cooled resistivity of copper decreases, while its conductivity increases.

Similarly, when cooled resistivity of germanium increases, while its conductivity decreases.

12)
16. The circuit given below consists of cells with their internal resistance,
(i) The equivalent emf between the terminals A and B is
 A. 24
V
13
 B. 37
V
13
 C. 36
V
13
 D. 49
V
13
The effective emf between C and B

E1 E2 E3 2 3 4
+ + + +
r1 r2 r3 2 3 4 36
ECB = = =
1 1 1 1 1 1
13
( + + ) ( + + )
r1 r2 r3 2 3 4
The effective emf between A and B is

∴ E = E
AB
+ E AC CB

36
EAB = 1 +
13
49
EAB = V
13

12)
17. The circuit given below consists of cells with their internal resistance
(ii) The equivalent internal resistance of the combination is
 A. 24
Ω
13
 B. 13
Ω
24
 C. 25
Ω
13
 D. 13
Ω
12

As three cells are in parallel, their effective internal resistance is

1 1 1 1
= + +
r123 r1 r2 r3
1 1 1
= + +
2 3
4
6 + 4 + 3 13
= =
12
12
12
r123 =
13
Now 1 V is in series to the parallel combination, hence net resistance of combination is
R ef f = r + r4 123

12
= 1 +
13
25
= Ω
13

12)
18. The circuit given below consists of cells with their internal resistance
(iii) If the polarity of cell of 4 V is reversed, the equivalent emf between the terminals A and B is
 A. 1
V
13
 B. 37
V
13
 C. 25
V
13
 D. 12
V
13
If the polarity of cell 4 V is reversed
E1 E2 E3
+ −
r1 r2 r3
EAB = EAC + EAB = 1 +
1 1 1
( + + )
r1 r2 r3
2 3 4
+ −
2 3 4 1
EAB = 1 + = 1 +
1 1 1 13
+ + ( )
2 3 4 12
25
EAB = V
13

12)
19. All bulbs consume same power. The resistance of bulb 1 is 36 Ω.

(i) What is the resistance of bulb 3 ?
 A. 4 Ω
 B. 9 Ω
 C. 12 Ω
 D. 18 Ω
From the figure, Bulbs 2 and 3 are in series and both consume same power.

Therefore , R = R 2 3
Further, V = V and V = V
1 23 2 3
V1
Thus, V 2 = V3 =
2
2
V
Since, Power (P ) =
R
th
1
We can say, resistance should becomes ( ) .
4
R1
Hence, R 2 = R3 = = 9 Ω
4

12)
20. All bulbs consume same power. The resistance of bulb 1 is 36 Ω.

(ii) What is the voltage output of the battery , if the power of each bulb is 4 W ?

 A. 12 V
 B. 16 V
 C. 24 V
 D. 32 V

12)
From the figure, Bulbs 2 and 3 are in series and both consume same power.

Therefore , R = R 2 3
Further, V = V and V
1 23 2 = V3
V1
Thus, V 2 = V3 =
2
2
V
Since, Power (P ) =
R
We can say, resistance should becomes .

R1
Hence, R 2 = R3 = = 9 Ω
4
Now, R 23 = 9 + 9 = 18 Ω and R 1 = 36 Ω
∴ i23 = 2i1 , also i 4 = i23 + i1 = 3i1 (Which means current passing through 4 become 3 times)

th
1
That implies, resistance of 4 should be ( ) of resistance 1.
9
R1
R4 = = 4 Ω
9
R1 × R23 18 × 36
For the equivalent resistance, R net = + R4 = + 4 = 16 Ω
R1 + R23 18 + 36
Given, power of each bulb becomes 4 W

Therefore , P = 4 × (4 W) = 16 W

net
Voltage output of battery , E = √P R = 16 V net net

CBSE Class 12 Physics Current Electricity Practice Question Solutions

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BYJU'S Study Planner for Board Term I (CBSE Grade

1. A current of 5 A\left{\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{th} is passing through a metallic wire of cross sectional

speed of the electrons.

Charge of an electron,e = 1.6 × 10 −19

Substituting the data given in the question,

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Substituting the data given in the question gives,

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

5. The resistance of a metal wire is 10Ω. A current of 30 mA is flowing in it at 20 ∘

Where R 1 and R2 are the resistance at t ∘ ∘

Substituting the data gives,

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

6. In an experiment with potentiometer , to measure the internal resistance of a cell. When it is

Let the internal resistance of the cell be r.

V2 = I2 R2 . . . . . (2) E = I2 (R2 + r) = I1 (R1 + r) . . . . . (3)

Using these equation we get,

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Blue : 6 ; Yellow : 4 ; Red : 2 ; Silver : 10 %

(i.e) R = 6400 Ω ± 10

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

balancing length is found to be 75 cm. The value of x is

Applying balanced condition for meter bridge

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Applying the balancing condition for 2nd case,

(∵ RQ = 27/11 Ω &l 2 = 75 cm)

Why this question ?

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Applying Kirchhoff's junction law at C.

putting the given values, we get

Therefore, current through switch S will be

Hence, option (d) is correct.

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The new resistance R ′ 2

Reason (R): A potentiometer draws no current while measuring emf of a cell.

 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false

 D. 'A' is false and 'R' is true

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Reason (R): As resistance increases, current through the circuit increases.

 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false

 D. 'A' is false and 'R' is true

 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false

 D. 'A' is false and 'R' is true

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

Reason (R): At steady state , there is no accumulation of charges at the junction.

 C. 'A' is true and 'R' is false

 D. 'A' is false and 'R' is true

Study both the statements carefully and then

 A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

 B. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

 C. A is true and R is false

 D. A is false and R is true

As copper is a conductor and germanium is a semi-conductor, copper has positive temperature

Similarly, when cooled resistivity of germanium increases, while its conductivity decreases.

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

(i) The equivalent emf between the terminals A and B is

The effective emf between C and B

The effective emf between A and B is

Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Current Electricity

(ii) The equivalent internal resistance of the combination is

As three cells are in parallel, their effective internal resistance is