TRAFFIC

MANAGEMENT AND
ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
WITH PRACTICAL
DRIVING
PSSG IVAN ROD T SUELLO,RCRIM,CCIPNCO
Intersection
AS APPLIED TO A STREET OR HIGHWAY, IT MEANS THE SPACE OCCUPIED BY
TWO STREETS AT THE POINT WHERE THEY CROSS EACH OTHER. USUALLY,
THIS IS THE PLACE WHERE DURING EMERGENCIES OR PERIOD OF
CONGESTIONS
Police Traffic direction
IT IS DEFINED A TELLING DRIVERS AND PEDESTRIAN WHEN, HOW WHERE
THEY MAY OR MAY NOT MOVES OR STAND A PARTICULAR PLACE,
ESPECIALLY DURING EMERGENCIES OR PERIOD OF CONGESTION
Suggested Methods of Directing and Guiding Traffic
1. USE HAND SIGNALS TO DESIGNATE DECISIONS TO MOTORIST AND
PEDESTRIAN
2. SUPPLEMENT THE ARM/HAND SIGNALS WITH A WHISTLE
a. ONE LONG BLOW TO STOP
b. TWO SHORT SNAPPY BLAST FOR GO
c. THREE BLAST TO BE USED FOR ASSISTANCE
Suggested Methods of Directing and Guiding Traffic
3. IF TWO OR MORE OFFICERS ARE ASSIGNED IN ONE INTERSECTION, ONLY
ONE MAKES THE DECISION, WHILE THE OTHER TAKE THEIRS FROM HIM.
4. TO STOP A MOVING LANE, POINTS AT THE CAR YOU INTEND TO STOP AND
GIVE THE DRIVER THE OPPORTUNITY TO STOP.
5. THE HAND SIGNAL SHOULD BE MADE WITH THE ARM EXTENDED AND THE
PALM FACING THE PERSON OR VEHICLE TO BE STOPPED.
Night Control of Traffic
1. WHEN LIGHT IS SUFFICIENT, WORK AS IN DAY TIME
2. IF LIGHT IS NOT SUFFICIENT, USE FLASHLIGHTS
a. TO STOP, DIRECT THE FLASH LIGHT IN LINE OF THE VISION AND BACK
AND FORTH.
b. TO START, USE THE SAME MOTION AS IN DAYLIGHT EXCEPT WITH
FLASHLIGHT.
c. SUPPLEMENT THE ACTIONS WITH WHISTLE.
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
 Objectives of TAI

• Protection of life and property ;

-protection of your life as first responder
is the top priority.
Traffic Accident Investigation
GENERALLY, TO KNOW WHAT QUESTION TO ASK AND WHAT TO LOOK FOR,
YOU MUST HAVE SOME FUNDAMENTAL BEARING ON ACCIDENTS AND THEIR
CAUSES. WHEN YOU SPEAK OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENT, EVERYBODY KNOWS
WHAT YOU MEAN SOMETHING WENT WRONG ON THE HIGHWAY, EITHER A
WRECKED CAR, SOMEBODY IS INJURED OR POSSIBLY KILLED.
What Traffic Accident Investigation Determines?
IT AIMS TO KNOW THE FIVE(5) ‘’WS’’ AND ONE(1) ‘’H’’ OF THE
INCIDENT;
1. WHAT HAPPENED?
2. WHO WAS INVOLVED?
3. WHERE DID IT HAPPEN?
4. WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
5. WHEN DID THE ACCIDENT HAPPEN?
6. HOW DID THE ACCIDENT OCCUR?
Purposes of Traffic Accident Investigation
1. EVERYONE INVOLVED IS CURIOUS ABOUT THE CAUSES AND CIRCUMSTANCES
2. FOR THE POLICE- TO FIND OUT WHETHER THERE IS ENOUGH EVIDENCE OF
LAW VIOLATION IN THE ACCIDENT
3. CLAIMS ATTORNEYS AND ADJUSTERS WANT TO DETERMINE NEGLIGENCE ON
THE PART OF THE DRIVERS INVOLVED IN THE ACCIDENT SO THAT DAMAGE
CLAIMS CAN BE PROPERLY ADJUSTED .
4. OFFICIALS AND OTHERS WANT SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT ACCID ENT TO
KNOW HOW TO PREVENT FUTURE ACCIDENTS .
Common words and phrases used in traffic Accident
Investigation
1. ACCIDENT- IT IS THAT OCCURRENCE IN A SEQUENCE OF EVENTS WHICH
USUALLY PRODUCES UNINTENDED INJURY, DEATH, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE.
2. TRAFFIC ACCIDENT- AN ACCIDENT INVOLVING TRAVEL TRANSPORTATION ON A
TRAFFIC WAY.
3. MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT- EVENTS RESULTING IN UNINTENDED INJURY OR
PROPERTY DAMAGE ATTRIBUTABLE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TO THE ACTION
OF MOTOR VEHICLE OR ITS LOADS:
Motor Vehicle Accident included are:
a. ACCIDEN T IN J URY FROM IN HAL ATION OF EXHAUST GAS ;
b . FIRES ;
c. EXPLOSION ;
d . DISCHARGE OF FIREARM W ITHIN THE MOTOR VEHICL E W HIL E IN MOTION ;
e. COL L ISI ON BETW EEN A MOTOR VEHICL E AN D RA IL ROA D TRAIN OR STREET CAR ON
STATION ARY RAIL S OR TRACK S ;
f. FAILURE OF AN Y PAR T OF THE MOTOR VEHICL E W HIL E THE VEHICL E IS IN MOTION .
Motor Vehicle Accident Excluded are:
a. COLLISION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WITH AN AIRCRAFT OR WATERCRAFT IN
MOTION
b. INJURY OR DAMAGE DUE TO CATACLYSMS (FLOOD OR SUDDEN PHYSICAL
CHANGE OF THE EARTH SURFACE); AND
c. INJURY OR DAMAGE WHILE THE MOTOR VEHICLE IS NOT UNDER ITS
POWER IS BEING LOADED ON OR UNLOADED FROM ANOTHER
CONVEYANCE.
DEBRIS-
THE SCATTERED BROKEN PARTS OF VEHICLES, RUBBISH, DUST AND OTHER
MATERIALS LEFT AT THE SCENE OF THE ACCIDENT CAUSED BY A COLLISION.
SKID MARKS

THESE ARE MARKS LEFT ON THE ROADWAY BY TIRES WHICH ARE NOT FREE
TO ROTATE, USUALLY BECAUSE BRAKES ARE APPLIED STRONG AND WHEELS
LOCKED
Traffic Unit
A N Y P E R S O N U S I N G A T R A F F I C W AY F O R T R AV E L , PA R K I N G O R OT H E R P U R P O S E S A S A P E D E S T R I A N
O R A D I V E R , I N C L U D I N G A N Y V E H I C L E , O R A N I M A L W H I C H H E I S U S I N G . I T A P P L I E S N OT O N LY TO
M OTO R V E H I C L E B U T A L S O TO :
a. PEDESTRIAN;
b. C Y C L I S T;
c. STREET CARS;
d. HORSE-DRAWN
e. FA R M T R A C TO R S
f. OT H E R R O A D U S E R S I N A L M O S T A N Y C O M B I N AT I O N - E X . A T R A F F I C A C C I D E N T C O U L D I N V O LV E D A
CYCLIST AND A PEDESTRIAN.
Hazards
IS GENERATED WHEN A CRITICAL SPACE MOTION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A
TRAFFIC UNIT AND ANOTHER OBJECT DEVELOPS DUE TO THE MOVEMENT OF
EITHER OR BOTH.
EX. A CURVE IN THE PATH IS A HAZARD. ANOTHER TRAFFIC UNIT IN THE
PATH IS ALSO A HAZARD.
Safe Speed
THE SPEED ADJUSTED TO THE POTENTIAL OR POSSIBLE HAZARDS OR THE ROAD
AND TRAFFIC SITUATION AHEAD.
SAFE SPEED ON THE ROAD IS DETERMINED BY T HE ROAD RATHER THAN THE
PARTICULAR DRIVER OF A VEHICLE.
EX. A CURVE AHEAD IS A HAZARD AND A SAFE SPEED FOR IT IS A SPEED AT
WHICH IT CAN BE TAKEN COMFORTABLY.
Strategy

IT IS THE ADJUSTING OF SPEED, POSITION ON THE ROAD, AND DIRECTION

OF MOTION, GIVING SIGNALS OF INTENT TO TURN OR SLOW DOWN, OR ANY
OTHER ACTION IN SITUATIONS INVOLVING POTENTIAL HAZARDS
Tactic

ANY ACTION TAKEN BY THE TRAFFIC UNIT TO AVOID HAZARDOUS

SITUATIONS LIKE STEERING, BRAKING, OR ACCELERATING TO AVOID
COLLISION OR OTHER ACCIDENT.
Impact

THE STRIKING OF ONE BODY AGAINST ANOTHER OR A COLLISION OF A

MOTOR VEHICLE WITH ANOTHER MOTOR VEHICLE.
Contact Damage

DAMAGE TO A VEHICLE RESULTING FROM DIRECT PRESSURE OF SOME

FOREIGN OBJECT IN COLLISION OR ROLL OVER. IT IS USUALLY INDICATED
BY STRIATIONS, RUB-OFF OF MATERIAL OR PUNCTURE.
Factor

ANY CIRCUMSTANCE CONTRIBUTING TO A RESULT WITHOUT WHICH THE

RESULT COULD NOT HAVE OCCURRED OR IT IS AN ELEMENT NECESSARY TO
PRODUCE THE RESULT, BUT NOT BY ITSELF SUFFICIENT.
Primary Cause

A MISNOMER LOOSELY APPLIED TO THE MOST OBVIOUS OR EASILY

EXPLAINED FACTOR IN THE CAUSE OF AN ACCIDENT OR THE MOST EASILY
MODIFIED CONDITION FACTOR.
Cause

THE COMBINATION OF SIMULTANEOUS AND SEQUENTIAL FACTORS WITHOUT

ANY ONE OF WHICH RESULT COULD NOT HAVE OCCURRED.
Attribute
ANY INHERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF A ROAD, A VEHICLE, OR A PERSON
THAT AFFECTS THE PROBABILITY OF A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT.
Modifier

A CIRCUMSTANCE THAT ALTERS AN ATTRIBUTE PERMANENTLY OR

TEMPORARILY.
Kinds of Traffic Accidents
1. NON-MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT-
REFERS TO ANY ACCIDENTS OCCURRING ON A TRAFFIC WAY INVOLVING
PERSONS USING THE TRAFFIC WAY OR TRAVEL OR TRANSPORTATION, BUT
NOT INVOLVING A MOTOR VEHICLE IN MOTION.
EX. PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLIST IN A TRAFFIC WAY.
Kinds of Traffic Accidents
2. MOTOR VEHICLE NON-TRAFFIC ACCIDENT-
ANY MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT WHICH OCCURS ENTIRELY IN A PLACE
OTHER THAN TRAFFIC WAY.
EX. ACCIDENT ON A PRIVATE DRIVEWAY
Kinds of Traffic Accidents
3. MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT-
ANY MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT OCCURRING ON A TRAFFIC WAY.
EX. COLLISION BETWEEN AUTOMOBILES ON A HIGHWAY.
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
1. RUNNING OFF ROAD.
THIS IS USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY A MOTOR VEHICLE FALLING ON THE
ROADSIDE OR ON A CLIFF ALONG MOUNTAINOUS ROADS
THIS ILLUSTRATION SHOWS CAR 1 FALLING OFF THE ROAD WAY.
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
2. NON-COLLISION ON ROAD.
THIS DOES NOT INVOLVE ANY COLLISION, AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH IS
OVERTURNING.
NON-COLLISION ON ROAD THAT VEHICLE OVERTURNING ON THE ROADWAY
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
3. MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION WITH PEDESTRIAN.
ON THE OTHER HAND, THIS TYPE OF ACCIDENT INCLUDES ALL FORMS OF
ACCIDENT AS LONG AS THERE IS A COLLISION.
A. EX. PEDESTRIAN- MAY WALKING, RUNNING OR STANDING ON A ROADWAY.
MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION WITH PEDESTRIAN
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
COLLISION ON ROAD.

1. COLLIDING HEAD-ON
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
COLLISION ON ROAD.

2. HEAD-REAR COLLISION
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
COLLISION ON ROAD.
3. SIDESWIPE OPPOSITE DIRECTION
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
COLLISION ON ROAD.
4. SIDESWIPE SAME DIRECTION
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
COLLISION ON ROAD.
5. HEAD-SIDE ANGLE COLLISION
Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
According to key events
COLLISION ON ROAD.
6. MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT (TRAFFIC ISLAND)
Classification of Accidents According to Severity.
1. PROPERTY DAMAGE ACCIDENT.
THERE IS NO FATAL OR INJURY TO ANY PERSON BUT ONLY DAMAGE TO THE
MOTOR VEHICLE OR TO OTHER PROPERTY INCLUDING INJURY TO ANIMALS.
Classification of Accidents According to Severity.
2.SLIGHT.
ONLY SLIGHT DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES
Classification of Accidents According to Severity.
3. NON-FATAL INJURY ACCIDENT.
THIS RESULT IN INJURIES OTHER THAN FATAL TO ONE OR MORE PERSONS
Classification of Accidents According to Severity.
4. LESS SERIOUS
ONLY LESS SERIOUS INJURIES TO PERSONS
Classification of Accidents According to Severity.
5. SERIOUS
THIS CAUSES SERIOUS INJURIES TO PERSONS.
Classification of Accidents According to Severity.
6. FATAL
THIS RESULT IN DEATH TO ONE OR MORE PERSONS
Who conducts the Traffic Accident Investigation?
-IN SOME INSTANCES, THE POLICE TRAFFIC OFFICERS ASSIGNED IN THE
FIELD OR HIGHWAYS UPON LEARNING OF AN ACCIDENT USUALLY RESPONDS
AND CONDUCT INITIAL INQUIRIES. HOWEVER, POLICE STATIONS NORMALLY
HAVE DESIGNATED TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATOR.
Who conducts the Traffic Accident Investigation?
IN MAJOR TRAFFIC ACCIDENT OR SENSATIONAL TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS SUCH
AS THOSE THAT ATTRACT NATIONAL MEDIA ATTENTION OR THOSE THAT
INVOLVES NUMEROUS VICTIMS, THE LOCAL TRAFFIC INVESTIGATOR SHALL
IMMEDIATELY INFORM THE NEAREST PNP HIGHWAY PATROL GROUP OFFICE
WHICH SHALL THEN TAKE THE LEAD IN THE INVESTIGATION UNDER THE
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) WHICH SHALL BE ACTIVATED
TO MANAGE THE CASE.
Who conducts the Traffic Accident Investigation?
WHEN THE PROPER CRIME SCENE PROCESSING IS NECESSARY, THE TRAFFIC
INVESTIGATORS MAY ALSO ASK THE ASSISTANCE OF THE SCENE OF THE
CRIME OPERATION TEAM (SOCO TEAM)
Five (5) levels of activity in Accident Investigation
1. REPORTING
2. AT-SCENE INVESTIGATION
3. TECHNICAL PREPARATION
4. PROFESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION
5. CAUSE ANALYSIS
Reporting
THIS STAGE INVOLVES BASIC DATA COLLECTION TO IDENTIFY AND CLASSIFY
A MOTOR VEHICLE, TRAFFIC AND PERSONS, PROPERTY AND PLANNED OR
LEVEL OF INVESTIGATION
At-Scene Investigation
THIS LEVEL INVOLVES ALL ACTION TAKEN BY THE INVESTIGATOR AT THE
SCENE OF THE CRIME OR ACCIDENT
Technical Preparation
THIS INVOLVES DELAYED TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION AND
ORGANIZATION FOR STUDY AND INTERPRETATION
Professional Reconstruction
THIS INVOLVES EFFORTS TO DETERMINE FROM WHATEVER INFORMATION IS
AVAILABLE, HOW THE ACCIDENT HAPPENED.
Cause Analysis
THIS LAST LEVEL USUALLY INVOLVES FINAL ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSES OF
ACCIDENT WHICH ARE BASES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SIMILAR ACCIDENT
Step Taken by the Police during Traffic Accident
Investigation.
1 . S T E P O N E . U PO N L E A R NI NG O F T H E AC C I D E NT
a. A S K F I R ST: W H E N D I D T H E AC C I D E NT HAPPE N? , E X ACT LY W H E R E WA S I T ? : H O W BA D W AS
I T ? D I D YO U S E E T H E AC C I D E NT H A PPE NE D ? A ND W H E R E C A N YO U B E R E AC H E D ?
b. D E C I D E W HE T HE R TO G O TO T H E S C E NE : W I L L S C E NE H AVE BE E N C LE A RE D B Y T HE T I ME
O F A R R I VA L ? ; W I L L S C E NE H AVE B EE N CLE A R E D B Y TH E T I ME O F A R R I VA L? ; I T I S I N T H E
I NV E S T I G ATO R A R E A ? A ND S H O U LD H E A D Q U A R T E R S B E I NF O R ME D O R C O NS U LT E D ?
c. T H E N F I N D O U T, I F NE C E S S A R Y : I S T R A F F I C B LO C K E D ? ; H A S A MB U LA NC E B E E N C A LLE D ?
H A S W R E N C H E R B E E N C A LLE D ? ; A ND W A S F I R E D A PPA R AT U S C A LLE D ?
2. STEP TWO. START FOR THE SCENE
a. CHOOSE BEST APPROACH. CONSIDER: TIME; POSSIBLE TRAFFIC JAMS:
POSSIBLE ROUTE OF DRIVER INVOLVED ; AND PROBABLE SITUATION AT SCENE.
b. DRIVE SAFELY. G ET THERE SAFETY; IF YOU GET INVOLVED IN ACCIDENT
YOURSELF, THEN OTHER UNITS MUST BE USED.
c. BE ALERT FOR CARS LEAVING THE SCENE; AS POSSIBLE WITNESS OR HIT AND
RUN DRIVERS AND RECORD REGISTRATION NUMBERS OF ANY LIKELY LOOKING
VEHICLES
d. GET EQUIPMENT READY FOR USED. SO FAR AS PRACTICAL ON THE WAY.
e. LOOK FOR CONDITIONS CONFRONTING A DRIVER APP ROACHING SCENE; LOW
VISIBILITY VIEW OBSTRUCTIONS ; AND TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
f. NOTE HAZARDS TO APPROACHING TRAFFIC: DROP HELPER TO DIRECT TRAFFIC
IF NECESSARY; AND LOOK FOR PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. HAVE IT GUARDED UNTIL
IT CAN BE EXAMINED COLLECTED OR LOCATED .
3 . S T E P T H R E E ( 3 ) - U PO N A R R I VA L AT T H E AC C I D E NT S C E NE
a. S E L E C T PA RK I N G PL AC E C AR E F U LLY ; I S I T S A F E? W I LL I T B LO C K T R A F F I C ? A ND C A N
H E A D L I G H T I L LU M I N AT E S C E N E ?
b. C A R E F O R I NJ U R E D : S TO P A R T E R I A L B LE E D I NG ; C A L L F O R H E L P I F NE C E S S A R Y ; H E L P
I N J U R E D F R O M C A R S S A F E T Y ; PR OT EC T I NJ U R E D F R O M E X PO S U R E ; A ND A S K F O R
E M E R G E N C Y A S S I S TA N C E F R O M B Y S TA ND E R S F R O M A NY W H E R E .
c. LO O K OV E R B Y S TA ND E R S A ND OT H E RS : LO O K F O R D R I V E R S ; LO O K F O R PO S S I B LE
W I T N E S S E S ; LO O K F O R VO LU NT E E R S WH O W I LL H E LP YO U ; A ND G E T T HE M U ND E R
CONTROL.
d. H AV E E M E R G E N C I E S U ND E R C O NT R O L ; H AV E S PI LLE D G A S O LI NE G U A R D E D ; LO O K F O R
F I R E A N D E L E C T R I C A L H A Z A R D ; LO O K F O R T R A F F I C H A ZA R D S ; PU T O U T F LA R E S ; A S K
H E L P E R TO D I R E C T T R A F F I C ; KE E P B Y S TA N D E R S O F F R OA D W AY ; A ND R E Q U E S TE D H E L P
F R O M H E A D Q U A R T E R S I F NE E D E D .
e. LO C AT E D R I V E R S ; CO NS I D E R PO S S I B I LI T Y O F H I T A ND R U N AC C I D E NT; A ND N E E D TO
ALERT HEADQUARTERS.
f. M E A S U R E LO C AT I O N O F S H O R T- LI V E D PI E C E S O F E V I D E NC E
g. A R R A N G E F O R C L E A R I NG R OA D W AY
h. D E L AY R E M OVA L O F V E H I C LE S E XC E PT TO A I D I NJU R E D .
4. STEP FOUR (4)- WHEN EMERGENCY IS UNDER CONTROL
a. P R E L I M I N A R Y Q U E S T I O N I N G O F D R I V E R S ; W H O W A S D R I V I N G E A C H V E H I C L E ? ; N OT E
U N P R E M E D I TAT E D S TAT E M E N T; A N D LO O K F O R S I G N S O F N E R V O U S N E S S , C O N F U S I O N A N D
I N TO X I C AT I O N .
b. G AT H E R C L U E S F O R I D E N T I F Y I N G H I T A N D R U N C A R S ; Q U E S T I O N OT H E R W I T N E S S E S E S P E C I A L LY
B Y S TA N D E R S I N H U R R Y TO G O ; A N D I F N E E D E D , G E T S I G N E D S TAT E M E N T AT O N C E F R O M W H Y
W H O M AY B E H A R D TO F I N D L AT E R .
c. E X A M I N E D R I V E R S C O N D I T I O N S ; G E T S P E C I M E N F O R C H E M I C A L T E S T; A N D Q U E S T I O N A B O U T T H E
T R I P P L A N F O R P O S S I B L E FAT I G U E .
d. Q U E S T I O N D R I V E R S C A R E F U L LY ; C H E C K L I C E N S E A N D R E C O R D D ATA F R O M I T; V E R I F Y A N D
I D E N T I F Y A D D R E S S ; C H E C K R E G I S T R AT I O N A N D R E C O R D D ATA ; V E R I F Y O W N E R S H I P A N D C O R R E C T
A D D R E S S ; A N D G E T S T E P B Y S T E P A C C O U N T O F W H AT D R I V E R S A W A N D D I D .
e. P O S I T I O N A N D C O N D I T I O N O F V E H I C L E ; N OT E L I G H T S A N D L I G H T S W I TC H E S ; N OT E G E A R
P O S I T I O N A N D T I R E S ; M A R K P O S I T I O N O F V E H I C L E S I T M U S T B E R E M O V E D ; A N D LO O K F O R
UNUSUAL THING INSIDE THE VEHICLES.
f. F O R M P R E L I M I N A R Y O P I N I O N A S TO H O W A C C I D E N T O C C U R S .
g. P H OTO G R A P H Y ; P H OTO G R A P H S S K I D M A R K A N D LO C AT I O N O F V E H I C L E S ; A N D M A R K S K I D M A R K
LO C AT I O N F O R L AT E R M E A S U R E M E N T.
h. R E C O R D P L A C E TO W H I C H I N J U R E D P E R S O N S O R D A M A G E V E H I C L E S W E R E O R W I L L B E TA K E N
5 . S T E P F I V E ( 5 ) - A F T E R G E T T I N G S H O R T- L I V E E V I D E N C E .

a. G E T A D D I T I O N A L E V I D E N C E ; M A K E T E S T S K I D S ; D E C I D E W H E T H E R P R O O F O F V I O L AT I O N I S S U F F I C I E N T F O R
A R R E S T; I F S O , M A K E A R R E S T O R I S S U E C I TAT I O N ; G E T A D D I T I O N A L F O R M A L S TAT E M E N T S , F R O M
W I T N E S S E S R E M A I N I N G AT T H E S C E N E ; A N D H AV E R O A D C L E A R I F T R A F F I C I S O B S T R U C T E D .

b. S U G G E S T I O N TO D R I V E R S , I F N E C E S S A R Y ; H O W M U C H A C C I D E N T S C A N B E AV O I D E D I N T H E F U T U R E ; A N D
T E L L S D R I V E R S W H AT R E P O R T S T H E Y M U S T M A K E A N D D I S M I S S T H E M

c. A P P R O A C H T H E S C E N E B Y P AT H O F E A C H T R A F F I C U N I T I N V O LV E D . LO O K F O R : V I E W O B S T R U C T I O N S ;
T R A F F I C C O N T R O L D E V I C E S , E TC . P R O B A B L E P O I N T S O F P E R C E P T I O N ; A N D R O A D S U R FA C E C O N D I T I O N S .

d. C O M P L E T E E X A M I N AT I O N S O F V E H I C L E S

e. LO C AT E K E Y E V E N T O F A C C I D E N T

f. M A K E A D D I T I O N A L P H OTO G R A P H S O F : V E H I C L E D A M A G E ; V I E W O B S T R U C T I O N ; P A V E M E N T S C O N D I T I O N S
A N D C O N T R O L D E V I C E S , A N D G E N E R A L V I E W, E TC .

g. E S TA B L I S H E X A C T LO C AT I O N O F A C C I D E N T A N D R E C O R D I T

h. M E A S U R E F O R S C A L E D I A G R A M I F LO C AT I O N I S H A R D TO R E A C H

i. R E V I E W N OT E S O F E V I D E N C E O R T E S T I M O N Y ; G E T A D D I T I O N A L FA C T S AT S C E N E ; A N D I D E N T I F Y A L L N OT E S
WITH PLACES AND TIME

j. C L E A N U P LO C AT I O N O R A R R A N G E TO H AV E I T D O N E .

k. R E P O R T TO H E A D Q U A R T E R S B Y R A D I O O R T E L E P H O N E . N O W A D AY S , T H E C E L L U L A R P H O N E I S A R E A D Y
A LT E R N AT I V E I N R E P O R T I N G TO P O L I C E H E A D Q U A R T E R .
6 . S T E P S I X ( 6 ) - A F T E R L E AV I N G T H E S C E N E

a. G E T M E D I C A L R E P O R T O N I N J U R E D P E R S O N S F R O M D O C TO R O R H O S P I TA L .

b. Q U E S T I O N D R I V E R S O R W I T N E S S E S ; AT H O S P I TA L O R H O M E I F N OT A D E Q U AT E LY Q U E S T I O N E D ; A N D TA K E
N E E D E D A D D I T I O N A L S TAT E M E N T S .

c. N OT I F Y ; R E L AT I V E S O F D E A D O R I N J U R E D ; A N D / O R O W N E R O F V E H I C L E

d. H AV E S P E C I M E N S A N A LY Z E D I F W H E R E TA K E N F O R C H E M I C A L O R L A B O R ATO R Y T E S T

e. H AV E P H OTO G R A P H D E V E LO P E D ; G E T P R I N T S I F N E E D E D F O R R E P O R T

f. C O M P L E T E T H E R E P O R T O F T H E A C C I D E N T; H AV E C O P I E S M A D E I F N E C E S S A R Y ; F I L E R E P O R T S A N D C O P I E S ;
A N D C O M P L E T E FA C T U A L D ATA O N I N V E S T I G AT I O N R E P O R T I F N OT C O M P L E T E D AT S C E N E .

g. D E C I D E W H E T H E R A N A LY S I S O F A C C I D E N T I S W A R R A N T E D B Y T H E T I M E AVA I L A B L E F O R M A K I N G I T.

h. R E C O N S T R U C T I O N O F T H E A C C I D E N T; E S T I M AT E S P E E D S O F V E H I C L E I N V O LV E D ; D R A W S C A L E D I A G R A M ;
A N A LY Z E D A N G L E O F C O L L I S I O N ; G E T T E C H N I C A L H E L P I F N E C E S S A R Y ; A N D S U M M A R I Z E O P I N I O N S .

i. P R E S E N T C A S E S U M M A R Y TO A L A W Y E R .

j. C O M P L E T E R E P O R T O R I N V E S T I G AT I O N

k. S U B M I T TO S U P E R I O R F O R A P P R O VA L

l. I N F O R M OT H E R A G E N C I E S O R D E P A R T M E N T S O F A N Y C O N D I T I O N AT T H E S C E N E W H I C H N E E D S AT T E N T I O N
FOR SAFETY
7. S T E P S E V E N ( 7 ) - I F C A S E G O E S TO C O U R T
a. F I N D O U T W H AT T H E PR O S E C U TO R W A NT S F U R T H E R TO D E V E LO P E V I D E NC E
b. R E T U R N TO T HE S CENE I F NE C E S S A R Y FO R T H E F O L LO W I N G ; A D D I T I O NA L PH OTO G R A PH S
O F G E N E R A L S C E N E A ND LO NG - L I V E D E V I D E NC E ; MEA S U R E F O R S C A LE D I AG R AM F O R
U S E I N C O U R T; A N D LO C AT E A D D I T I O NA L W I T NE S S A ND R E V I E W T H E I R T E S T I MO NY.
c. LO C AT E A L S O , I F NE C E S S A R Y ; R E LAT IV E S A ND F R I E ND S W H O C O NF I R M AC T I V I T I E S
B E F O R E T HE AC C I DE NT; T E CH NI C I A NS W H O D E V E LO PE D P I C T U R E S , M A D E CH EMI C A L
T E S T A ND E X PE R T W H O C A N H E LP.
d. H AV E E N L A R G E M E N T MA D E O F A NY P H OTO NE E D E D I N C O U R T.
e. E N L A R G E S C A L E D I AGR A M MA D E F O R C O U R T
f. P R E -T R I A L C O N F E R E NC E W I T H PR O S E C U T I O N W I T NE S S E S TO R E V I E W T E S T I MO NY
g. E N S U R E T H AT S U B PO E NA A R E I S S U E D
h. TESTIFY IN COURT
i. O R G A N I Z E PA PE R S A ND F I L E PE R MA NE NT LY, I F NE C E S S A R Y, F O R F U T U R E R E F E R E N C E .
j. E N S U R E T H AT T HE D I S PO S I T I O N O F T H E C A S E I S R E C O R D ED I N D R I V E R S R E C O R D A N D
OT H E R R E PO R T S .
Duties of Traffic Accident Investigator

Sketch the traffic accident using

Triangulation Method of measurement;
Specific damage portion of MV
 Methods of Photographing
a Traffic Accident Scene:

1. General View or Long Range –

photographs of the overall scene
fundamentally are taken to portray the
areas as if a person viewing the scene
is seeing it from the standing position.
To obtain this result, the photographer
takes the photograph with the camera at
eye level.
General View or Long Range
Medium View or Mid-Range
 Methods of Photographing
a Traffic Accident Scene:

3. Close-up View or Range –

photographs are normally taken
approximately five (5) feet or less from
the subject. The attention of close-up
photography is directed to object which
could be effectively seen in the long-
range and mid-range photographs.
Close-up View or Range
 List the 3 Method of photographing a
traffic Accident Scene

G ➢General View of Long-Range

M ➢Medium View of Mid-Range

C ➢Close-up View/Range
 Three types of reference points use in
traffic accident sketching
◼ Tangible- is a land mark that is in place, or that can
be relocated from a survey or blueprint if it is
removed. (1) Fire hydrants.(2) Parts of a bridge.(3)
Parts of a building.(4) Power poles.(5) Light
poles.(6) Manhole covers or drainage grates
◼ Semi - tangible – can be mark made by the
investigator or a pin the investigator drove into the
ground directly opposite of a tangible reference
point
Triangulation Method of Measurement

Triangulation method – in this method of

measurement the, investigator locates the
position of an object by using distances
from two fixed points a known distance apart.
SMS
Fr: RD,PRO13 Caraga
Fm: BAROBO MPS
Subject: Reckless Imprudence Resulting to Homicide and damage of property
Reference: 11-04-2021-3
What: Reckless Imprudence Resulting to Homicide and damage of property
Who: V-1 driver Juan Dela Cruz,21 yrs old, male, married,work,address.(Injured) V-2: Driver General Luna,age,
When: Nov. 4, 2021 at about 9:00PM
Where:
Why and How: v-1 was travelling from San francisoc ADS, towards BXU upon reaching at National highways on e
pedestrian suddenly cross and unintended/unintentionally bumped or hit that cause his death.

Spot Report

Progress report
ANY QUESTION?