COMPARATIVE

DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE
OF INDIA & ITS NEIGHBOURS

PART- 3
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
XII ECONOMICS (2022-23)

SUNIL PANDA- THE EDUCATOR

 Comparative Study - India, China and Pakistan
The overall development of these 3 economies are broadly classified into
demographic indicators, gross domestic products, sectorial contributions and
human development indicators.
We shall now comparatively analyze the development of India, Pakistan and
China

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 Demographic Indicators
Country Estimated Annual Density Sex Fertility Urbanizat
populatio growth of (per sq. ratio rate ion
n (in populations km)
millions)
India 1,352 1.03 455 924 2.2 34
China 1,393 0.46 148 949 1.7 59
Pakistan 212 2.05 275 943 3.6 37

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 GDP Growth Rate
When the economy is expanding, the GDP growth rate is positive. If it’s
growing, it shows more income generation in the economy. if it is negative,
then the country’s economy is in a recession. China with second largest GDP,
as measured by purchasing power parity (PPP) is estimated to be 19.8 trillion
dollar. India’s GDP (PPP) is 8.07 trillion and Pakistan’s GDP is about 12% of
India’s GDP

Annual growth of GDP in percent (1980-2017)

Country 1980-90 2015-17
India 5.7 7.3
China 10.3 6.8
Pakistan 6.3 5.3
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(Purchasing power parity (PPP): It is an economic theory that allows the
comparison of the purchasing power of various world currencies to one another.
It is a theoretical exchange rate that allows you to buy the same amount of goods
and services in every country. PPP comparisons are done by world bank in 2021,
PPP, (US-India) was $1 = ₹ 23.14
US dollar is the universally accepted currency. Therefore, GDP of different
countries are expressed in US dollars and called PPP ‘US $’).

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 Sectoral Contribution
In all the three economies, the industry and service sectors have less
proportion of workforce, but they contribute more in terms of output.

Contribution to GVA Distribution of workforce

Sector India China Pakistan India China Pakistan
Agriculture 16 7 24 43 26 41
Industry 30 41 19 25 28 24
Services 54 52 57 32 46 35
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Thank you
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