GOVERNMENT P U COLLEGE (HIGH SCHOOL SECTION) HOODI,

BENGALURU-560048

10th Standard
SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES (2022-23)
(English Medium-Revised Syllabus)
 HISTORY
CHAPTER-1
ADVENT OF EUROPEANS TO INDIA
I One mark question and answers
1. Which city is considered as the "Gateway of European Trade"?
Constantinople.
2. Which country merchants gained the monopoly over European Trade?
Italian merchants.
3. Which countries made the attempt to break the monopoly of Italian traders?
Spain and Portugal
4. Who were the first Europeans to arrive India and the last Europeans to leave
India?
Portuguese
5. Who captured the City of Constantinople in 1453?
The Ottoman Turks
6. Who discovered the new sea route between India and Europe?
Vasco da Gama
7. Who was the first Viceroy of Portuguese in India? Who introduced the "Blue
water Policy"
Francisco de Almeida
8. Who issued the Royal charter to establish the English East India Company?
Queen Elizabeth of England
9. Who was the Royal ambassador from the Court of James I to visit the court of
Jahangir?
Sir Thomas Roe
10. Which Mughal emperor issued the royal permission to English for establishing
First warehouse at Surat?
Jahangir.
11. Which was the early capital city of British in India?
Calcutta
12. What is ‘Blue-water policy?
Having supremacy over sea route instead of land is called as ‘Blue-water’ policy
13. Which are the forts built by the British in Madras and Calcutta?
Madras - St George Fort. Calcutta – fort William
14. When was the French East India Company established?
1664
15. Which is the capital city of French in India?
Pondicherry
16. Who is the famous Governor General of French?
Dupleix
17. The First Carnatic war was ended with which treaty?
Treaty of ‘Aix-la-Chapelle’
18. Who introduced the Dual government in Bengal?
Robert Clive
19. Who said this statement “We would never give up the trade rights of
Pepper to any foreigners”.
Raja Marthanda Varma
20. Which place is recognized as a center of Spice trade during
Marthanda Varma?
Kochin.
 21.The Second Carnatic war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Pondicherry
22.The Third Carnatic war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Paris
23. Which Mughal emperor granted the Diwani right to the British?
Shah Alam-II
24. Which Portuguese governor won the Goa from Sultans of Bijapur?
Alfonso de Albuquerque won Goa from Sultans of Bijapur.

II.Two marks question and answers

1. Which Indian spices gained the great demand in the European market?
Pepper, Cardamom, Ginger, Cumin, Cinnamon.
What were the effects of fall of Constantinople?
2. How did trade take place between India and Europe during middle ages?
The trade between India and the Europe during middle ages gone true Constantinople.
The Arab Merchants carried the Asian Merchandise into Constantinople. The Italian
Merchants buy these goods and then sell in the European countries
3. Discuss the reasons that resulted in the discovery of new sea route to India
The trade between India and Europe was stopped
Trade was not profitable to European traders
Discovering new sea route to India was encouraged
The Turks levied heavy tax in Constantinople.
4. List out the Europeans who came India for trade.
Portuguese, Dutch, English and French
5. Explain the achievements of Francisco de Almeida.
He became the Viceroy of Portuguese
He implemented the ‘Blue Water Policy’
6. Explain the achievements of Alfonso de Albuquerque
He laid strong foundation to Portuguese in India
He conquered the Goa from Sultan of Bijapura
Goa become capital city of Portuguese
The Portuguese gained monopoly over Indian trade
7. Which are the main trade centers of Dutch in India?
Surat, Broach, Kochin, Nagapatanim, Chinsor
8. Which are the important trade centers of French in India?
Mahe, Chandranagara, Surat, Karaikallu, Cossimbazar, Balasur
9. What are the reasons and results of the third Carnatic war ?
Reasons: Comte de Lally made an attack on British
The Seven year war between British and French in Europe
Results: French had lost their bases in India
British become powerful in India
10. What do you mean by Dastaks? Who gave Dastaks to the British?
Dastakats are open trade permission letters given by Mughal emperor to British
11. What were the Causes of Battle of Plasse?
Misuse of Dastaks
Mending the fort without permission
Black room tragedy
 12. What were the outcomes of Battle of Plassey?
 This war brought out immorality
 Mir Jaffar became the Nawab of Bengal
 The company gained the exclusive rights to trade in Bengal
 Mir Jaffar paid the Seventeen crores and seventy Lakhs to British as war
indemnity.
13. What were the results of Battle of Buxar?
OR
The battle of Buxar had helped the British to get many benefits. Substantiate (March-2019)
 Mir Qasim defeated by British
 Sha Aalam-II handed over the Diwani rights to British
 With the death of Mir Jafar the company took over the entire administ of Bengal
 Dual government was introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal
14. What were the Causes of Battle of Buxar?
 Mir Qasim declared himself an independent king
 Misuse of dastaks by British
 Mir Qasim declared all business are duty free in Bengal
15. What is Diwani right?
British had the right to collect the land revenue in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and thisRight is
called as Diwani right.
16. Explain how Marthanda Varma Checked the Dutch?
He compiled an army of 50,000 soldiers to extend his borders.
He controlled the pepper growing areas and made them to oppose the Dutch.
He wrote a strong letter to the Dutch on pepper trade
In the battle of 1741Marhanda Varma defeated the Dutch.
17. Which are the influencing factors for the decline of the Dutch in India?
The rise of British in India
Acquisition of the Islands of South-East Asia by Dutch

CHAPTER-2
THE EXTENSION OF THE BRITISH RULE
I .One mark questions and answers
1. Who introduced the doctrine of lapse policy?
The doctrine of lapse policy was introduced by Lord Dalhousie
2. Who introduced the subsidiary Alliance?
The subsidiary Alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley
3. Who made a serious effort to bring Madhav Rao II as Maratha Peshwa?
Nana Padnavis
4. The first Anglo Maratha war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Salbai
5. Which is Indian state to accept the subsidiary alliance for first time?
Hyderabad state
6. Who signed treaty of the Bassein with the British?
Peshwa Baji Rao II
7. Who became the Maratha leader after the Third Anglo Maratha war?
Pratapa Simha
8. Why did Peshwa Baji Rao II accept the Subsidiary alliance?
Holkar defeated the army of Baji Rao II because Peshwa Baji Rao II accepted the
subsidiary alliance
 9. When did political anarchy break out in the Punjab?
Political anarchy broke out in the Punjab after the death of king Ranjith Singh
10. Who opposed the British administration in Punjab after Anglo-Sikh wars?
Chattar Singh Attariwala in Lahore and Moolraj in Multan opposed the British
administration in Punjab after Anglo-Sikh wars

II.Two marks questions and answers

1. What were the conditions under subsidiary Alliance? explain (March-2022)
OR
How did the Subsidiary Alliance control Indian provinces? (March-2019)
OR
How could the British place Indian states under their control through the
Subsidiary Alliance? (June 2020)
● The Indian king had to keep the British army in his Kingdom
● The concerned state had to bear the expenses of the Army
● The king has to have a British resident in his Court
● The King could not appoint any other European without the permission of the
British
2. Which are the states that came under the policy of Subsidiary Alliance?
● Hyderabad, Gwalior
● Mysore, Marathas
● Tanjavore, Awadh
● Birar, Poona
3. Which were the states that came under the doctrine of lapse policy?
Satara ,Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi,Jaipur, stateS came under the doctrine
of lapse policy.
4. How did the doctrine of lapse policy support the expansion of the British Empire
in India?
According to the doctrine of lapse policy if any Indian ruler dies without children,
their adopted children had no legal right over the empire.
The princely states like Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur came under
the control of the British. According to this policy landlords also lost their rights over
their lands. The British used this policy like a political weapon.
5. Explain the reasons for first Anglo Maratha war.
 The murder of Narayana Rao by his uncle Raghunath Rao
 The Maratha Federation installed Madhavrao in the post of Peshwa
 Upsetting by this Raghunath Rao seeking the help by British and wage a war against
Maratha Federation
6. What are the results of First Anglo-Maratha War?
 Salbai agreement was entered by British and Marathas
 Madhav Rao II become the Peshwa of Maratha.
 Raghunatha Rao got Pension.
 After the Madhav Rao II Peshwa post has been assured to Raghunatha Rao’s Son
7. What are the reasons for third Anglo Maratha war?
 Maratha family tried to protect their independence and dignity
 Peshwa made an attempt to free from clutches of the British
 Peshwa made an attack on British residency in Poona.
 8. What are the results of third Anglo Maratha war?
 Peshwa was defeated by British
 British abolished the Peshwa post
 Prathapa Simha become the traditional ruler of Marathas
9. Lord Dalhousie merged the state of Punjab with the British empire. How?
 British defeated the revolt of Chattar Singh attariwala in Lahore
 British also supressed the revolt of Moolraj in Multan
 Finally Punjab merged with British empire.
10. Why did Wellesley resign to his post and return to England?
 Wellesley’s battle-thirstiness increased the financial burden on the company.
 On being criticized for this policy Lord Wellesley resigned from his post and
returned to England.

CHAPTER -3
THE IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
I Answer the following questions in one sentence each
1. Who implemented the permanent Zamindar system in India?
Lord Cornwallis
2. Who implemented the administration of civil services in India?
Lord Cornwallis
3. Who is the first British governor general of India?
Lord Warren Hastings
4. Who introduced the Police system for first time in India?
Lord Cornwallis
5. Who created the post of Superintendent of Police?
The post of Superintendent of Police was created by Lord Cornwallis
6. When was the police act introduced by British?
1861
7. Which committee recommended a redesign of Indian Military system?
Peel committee
8. When did the permanent zamindari system implemented in Bengal and Bihar
provinces?
In 1793
9. Who implemented the Mahalwari system?
R.M Bird and James Thomson
10. Who introduced the Ryotwari system?
Alexander Reed
11. Name the British officer who supported the modern education in India?
Lord Warren Hastings
12. Who established the Sanskrit college in Banaras?
Jonathan Duncan
13. Which report laid the foundation for modern education in India?
Macaulay’s report
14. Which charter act changed the post of Governor General of Bengal as
GovernorGeneral of India?
1833 charter act
15. Which act became the basis for the formation of the Indian constitution?
Government of India act of 1935.
 16. Which act recommends the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India?
Government of India act of 1935
17. Why did “Separate electorol college” be created in 1909 act? (March-2019)

II. Two marks questions and answers

1. Name the courts established by the Lord Cornwallis
Diwani Adalat and Fouzadaari Aadalat
2. Where were Universities established under the recommendations of the Charles
wood?
Callcatta, Madras, Bombay
3. Illustrate the judicial system formulated through the East India Company?
A) Diwani Adalat :- It is a Civil Court which Hindus were dispensed justice as per the
Hindu scriptures and Muslims as per Sharia these courts came under administration of
European offices
B) Fouzadaari Aadalat :- It is a Criminal court under the control of Qajis. They were
functioning under the supervision of European officer. later British legal procedures
were introduced in the criminal courts
4. What were the main aspects of Pitt's India act of 1784?
● Board of controller’s institution was established
● It curtailed the political powers of Indians
● East India company becomes integral part of British empire
● The Government of England is the ultimate ruler of India
5. Explain the reforms of Minto-Marley act of 1909
● The central legislative council was extended
● The regional council was also extended
● Elections are introduced in the regional councils
● Separate electorate college was created on the basis of the Religion

III .Three marks questions and answers

1. What were the effects of British land tax policies?
● These systems bring regular income to company
● The company exploited Indian farmers
● Farmers lost the ownership of land
● The British officials collect excess tax from farmers
● The money lenders became strong
● A new class of Zamindars was created.
2. Make a list of the effects of British Education in India
OR
The British education system created a new generation of Indians with
progressive attitudes. Justify.
● English education was introduced
● Indians developed democracy, rationality and nationality ideas.
● Impetus was received for the local literature and the languages
● Indian freedom struggle was influenced by English education
● Universities are established in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
● New social and religious reformation movements were emerged.
 3. What were the restrictions imposed in the regulating act of 1773
● The Bengal Presidency gain the control over other presidencies
● The governor general was authorized to direct exercise control and supervise
other presidencies
● Supreme Court of judicature was established in Calcutta
● Lord Warren Hastings became the first governor general of Bengal
● It regulates the east India company
● Madras and Bombay presidencies came under the control of governor of
Bengal
4. How does the Government of India act of 1935 become the base of Indian
Constitution?
● Most of provisions in the Indian Constitution are based on this act
● This act allows the formation of the fully responsible government by
Indians
● A federal system of Indian principalities, British Governed regions and
Dominion States was formed
● The federal court was established
● Reserve bank of India was established
● Diarchy was established at the center
5. What are the important features of the 1919 Act?
 Lower house and Upper house were
formed
● Diarchy was allowed at regional governments
● A high commissioner was appointed for India
● Separate electoral college was extended for Muslims Sikhs, Anglo Indians
and Europeans
● It promised to improve the local self-government
● Provincial budget was separated from Central budget.
6. What is the difference between Zamindari and Ryotwari systems?

Zamindari system Ryotwari system

● Zamindars had the right to ● Farmers are responsible for
collect the land tax paying land tax
● Zamindars are the owners of ● Farmers are the owners of land
land
● Farmers are exploited by ● Farmers are exploited by
Zamindars company
● This system is introduced by This system is introduced by
Lord Cornwallis Alexander reed
7. What are the reforms undertaken in the Police system by the British?
● The Superintendent of police post was created
● Every district divided into many stations
● Every station came under the control of Kotwal
● Every villages are under the care of Chowkidhar
● The police commission law was also introduced.
● The police officers were under the powers of Magistrates.
 8. In permanent Zamindari system the “Indian farmers were born in debt, lived in
debt, and died in debt. How? Prove.
● In this system farmers lost their ownership of lands
● Zamindar collected excess taxes from farmers
● Farmers have to work under the control of the Zamindars
● Farmers are exploited and had to live a life of insecurity
● Indian farmers become poor
● Farmers barrow the loans from money lenders to pay heavy tax
Hence we say the Indian farmers were born in Debt, lived in Debt and died Debt
9. What were the main aspects of the Ryotwari system?
● The tiller of the land was recognized as the owner of the land
● The farmers and company were directly linked
● The owner had to pay the 50% of produce as tax
● The Land tax had 30 years tenure
● The British officials took punitive actions to collect land taxes
● The farmers borrow the loans from money lenders whenever crops failed

CHAPTER -4
OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE IN KARNATAKAAND
WADIYARS OF MYSORE.
I one mark questions and answers
1. Which Mysore Wodeyar death created the various political problems in Mysore
state?
Chikka Devaraja wodeyar
2. The first Anglo Mysore war ended with which treaty? (March-2019)
Treaty of Madras
3. The second Anglo-Mysore war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Mangalore
4. The third Anglo-Mysore war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Srirangapatna
5. Name the boy adopted by Kittur Chenamma?
Shivalingappa
6. Name rani Chenamma’s patriot soldier who fought against British?
Sangoli Rayanna
7. The Amara sulya rebellion was basically which type of rebellion?
Farmer's rebellion
8. Whom will the British appoint as their political agent in Surapura?
Medes Taylor
9. Name the king who is usually presented as the leader of the 1857 revolution in
Karnataka by historians?
Venkatappa Nayaka of Surapura
10. Name the Zamindar who rebelled against the British in Koppal
Veerappa
11. Who started the Mysore Wodiyars Dynasty?
Yaduraya and Krishnaraya
12. Who made Srirangapattana as capital city of Mysore?
Raja Wodiyar
II Discuss in group and answer
1. 18th century in Indian history is considered as “The century of political problems”
why? (March-2019)
● The death of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1707
● French and English involved in Indian politics
● The Mughul empire was weakened
● Political struggles of Carnatic region
● Death of Chikkadevaraya Wodeyar
● The Nawab of arcot, Marathas and Nizam were fighting with each other
2. Explain the achievements of Raja Wodiyar?
● He captured the Srirangapattana from representative of Vijayanagara empire.
● He made Srirangapattana as his capital
● He revived the temples of Srirangapattana
● He offered the “Rajamudi” crown to Lord Cheluvanarayana Swamy
● He started “Navaratri” festival in Mysore
3. What were the contributions of Chikkadevaraja Wodiyar?
● He checked the invasion of Shivaji
● He captured the Magadi, Madhugiri, Koratageri
● He purchased the Bangalore from Moghul military general
● He started the ‘Athara Kacheri”
● He constructed the Chikka Devaraja and Dodda Devaraja Canal
● He patronized many poets like Sanchi Honnamma and Tirumalarya
4. How did Hyder Ali come to power?
● Hyder Ali joined the Mysore army
● Hyder Ali came into prominence during the siege of Devanahalli
● He became success in military action against Nizam of Arcot
● He won the hearts of soldiers and become famous as Nawab Hyder Ali
● He was known for his innovations in arms usage with his Swift actions
● He weakened the power of Dalawayee and sidelined the king
● Krishnaraja Wadiyar and Established control over the administration
5. What are the reasons for first Anglo-Mysore war?
● The prominence gained by the Hyder Ali in South India
● The British started devising cunning plans to defeat Hyder Ali
● The agreement between Marathas, British and Nizam of Hyderabad
● The political disturbances of Arcot
● The invasion of Arcot by Hyder Ali and Nizam of Hyderabad
● The formation of alliance between the king of Arcot and the British.
6. What are the reasons for Second Anglo-Mysore war?
● Political developments of South India
● Failure of treaty of Madras
● The cunning policies of British against Hyder Ali
● War preparations by Hyder Ali against British
● Capture of Mahe by British
7. What are the effects of second Anglo-Mysore war?
● Hyder Ali died due to illness during the war
● Tippu Sultan defeated the British in Mangalore
● Finally the Treaty of Mangalore has been signed by British and Tippu Sultan
● British and Tippu Sultan become friends
● Mangalore has been given to Tippu Sultan
 8. What are the reasons for Third Anglo-Mysore war?
 Failure of Mangalore treaty
 War preparation by Tippu Sultan against the British
 The politics of Travancore
 The king of Travancore built a fort in Kochi with the help of British
 The king of Travancore captured the Ayacotta and Kanganoor forts
 The cunning policies of the British
9. What were the conditions of Srirangapatna treaty?
OR
What are the effects of third Anglo-Mysore war?
 Tippu lost half of his Kingdom
 Tippu was the responsible for the war
 He was force to pay three Crore rupees as war damage fee
 He had to pledge two of his children as a guarantee against the payment
 He also forced to release the Prisoners of the War
10. What are the reasons for Fourth Anglo-Mysore war?
 The conditions of the Srirangapatna treaty
 The cunning policies of British
 Tippu’s attempt to form an alliance with local rulers
 Tippu’s friendship with French
 Tippu sent an ambassador to France to seek the help of French
 Tippu has forced by British to sign Subsidiary Alliance.
11. Explain the contribution of Puttabasappa of Kodagu in freedom struggle
 Puttabasappa was also known as Kalyana Swamy and Swamy Aparampura
 Putta Basappa organised the Rebels
 He declared that tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn
 He captured the government office in Bellary
 He killed an amaldhar and also looted the treasury and prison of Bantwal
 He was supported by representatives of Nana Saheba
 The British suspicious of Kings intentions
 The British appointed officer named Campbell to report on the various activities
of the king
 The officer submitted a report to the resident of Hyderabad that the king is
involved in misadministration
 Finally Venkatappa Nayaka removed from throne by British
12. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war was strengthened the position of British in Mysore.
Discuss
 In this war British defeated and killed the Tippu Sultan
 The British, Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad shared the kingdom
 Small kingdom was handed over to Mysore Wodiyars
 The British imposed the subsidiary Alliance on Mysore state and finally become
strong in Mysore state
 British gained lot of wealth through this victory
 12. What were the contributions of Dewan K Sheshadri Iyer?
 He become the Dewan of Mysore state in 1883
 He improved the financial situation of the state
 He was responsible for Many new railway lines
 He started the “Mysore civil services Examinations”
 He gave importance to girls education.
 He established the ‘Maharani’s Girls High School’
13. ‘Krishnaraja Wodiyar IV is called as architect of modern Mysore’ explain
OR
Mahatma Gandhi called Krishnaraja Wodiyar IV as “Rajashri”. Why?
 He established the ‘University of Mysore’
 He established the Indian institute of Science at Bangalore in 1905
 He established Iron and steel and cement factory at Bhadravathi
 He established the sandal oil factory at Mysore
 He established chemical and fertilizers factory at Belagola
 He had the illuminary services Dewan Sir M Visvesvarayya, Sir Albion Banerjee
14. Explain the method of resisting the British power by Dondiya Wagh
 Dondiya Wagh built a private Army
 He made an attempt to attack on fort of kudulur
 He also made an attack on Shimoga and Chitradurga fort
 He also encouraged by Palyegaras to fight against the British
 The French extended their support to Dondiya Wagh
15. Explain the method adopted by Rayanna to fight against the British.
 Sangoli Rayanna organized an Army
 He organize the secret meetings
 He develop a sense of nationalism in army
 He looted the treasury and Taluk offices of British
 He made a attack on treasuries of British
17. Why did Bedas of Hulagali revolt against the British?
 Implementation of Arms act by British in 1857
 Bedas kept guns as a part of custom
 Bedas of Hulagali lost their traditional right over arms by British
 Rebelled when were asked to surrender the firearms
 British army entered Hulagali
 Bedas were suppressed
 Rebells were hanged till Death
18. Explain the achievements of kittur Rani Chennamm
 She installed Shivalingarudrasarja on throne after the
 death of Mallasarja
 She also installed Shivalingappa on throne after the death of Shivalingarudrasarja
 She opposed the Doctrine of Lapse policy of the British
 Rani Chennamma defeated the British in First war
 Thackeray was shot dead in battle
 In the Second war Rani Chennamma defeated by British and imprisoned at
Bailahongal fort
 19. Explain the revolt of Veerappa of koppal.
 It is an armed rebel
 The exploitations by Nizam of Hyderabad of Koppla Zamindars
 The exploitations of British
 Veerappa rebelled against the British and occupied the fort of Koppal
 The British got help from Nizam of Hyderabad
 The British defeated the Veerappa and captured the fort.

CHAPTER -5
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENTS

1. How did Governor-General William Bentinck support Raja Rammohan Roy’s

fight against the Sati system?
He brought a law prohibiting Sati system in 1829
2. Where did Dayananda Saraswathi start the Head office of Arya Samaj?
Lahore
3. Who wrote the book “Satyartha Prakasha”?
Swami Dayananda saraswathi
4. Who wrote the book “Gulamgiri”?
Jyotiba phule
5. Who started the newspaper ‘New India’? (March-2019)
Annie Besant
6. Why was the “Shuddhi Movement” started? (March-2019)
Reconversion of people who had converted to Islam and Christianity from Hinduism
II Answer the following questions
1. What was the preaching’s of Brahmo Samaj?
 Advocating monotheism
 Opposed the meaningless rituals
 Condemned the child marriage
 It encouraged the women education
 Encouraging equality
 Opposing polygamy
2. Discuss the declaration of Dayanand Saraswati’s “Back to Vedas”
According to Swami Dayananda Saraswati Vedas were truth and Treasure of knowledge
because he gave a call “Back to Vedas”
3. What were the aims of Arya Samaja? (June-2020)
 All Hindus should believe in one formless god
 Rejected polygamy
 Rejected caste system
 Should study Vedas and ancient texts
 Equality of Men and women
 Encouragement of inter caste marriages
4. Discuss the reformation advocated by Sathyashodak Samaj
 The Samaj opened the schools for shudras and girls
 The Samaj propagated the equal right
 The Samaj opposed the caste system
 The Samaj also condemned the denial of human rights
  The Samaj opposed the gender discrimination
 It established the Hostels for girls
5. Discuss the aims of Aligarh Movement
 Propagating women’s education
 Opposed the polygamy
 Encouraging English education among Muslims society
 Spreading western scientific and cultural ideas
 Opposed the Purdha system
6. Explain how Swami Vivekananda was a source of inspiration to the youngsters?
 He gave a call to youth ‘awake, arise, stop until reach your goal’
 He stressed the significance of the individual his presence and ability
 He condemned the caste based discrimination
 He gave importance to education
 The importance of social service
 He also gave importance to remove poverty and exploitation
7. Explain the views of Ramakrishna mission
 Spreading the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
 preaching the importance of Indian philosophy
 Encouraging to establish a casteless society
 Eradicating the exploitation and poverty,
 Eradicating illiteracy and divisions in Indian society
 Providing education
8. What were the reformation activities of Annie Besant?
 Providing education to all
 She established Central Hindu Banaras College
 She started periodicals ‘New India’ and ‘Commonwealth’ to initiate discussion on
current problems
 She started ‘Home Rule League’ movement to encourage Indian freedom struggle
 Translating The Bhagvath Geetha to English
 She opened the schools.
 Opposed the superstitions
9. The 19th century is considered as the reformation and new awakening time in Indian
history. Why?
 Implementation of English education
 New class of educated Indians was created
 European concepts Democracy, Nationalism, equality finding root in India
 Educated Indians started analyzing their own society
 British also supported the reformation of Indian society
 Birth of new identity called “Indian” among Indian.
10. Write a note on Prathana Samaj.
 Dr Athma Ram Panduranga was the founder
 It encouraged the education
 Opposed the caste system
 It encouraged the widow re-marriage
 It rejected the child marriage
 Re habilitation of poor people
 11. Write a brief note on Theosophical Society.
 It was founded by Madam Blavatsky and H.S. Olcott
 Annie Besant popularized the society
 Encouraged the universal brotherhood.
 Encouraged the education
 Opposed the caste system
 It rejected the child marriage.
12. How can Communalism be tackled?
OR
What are your suggestions to eradicate communalism?
● Uniform legal system
● Equality among all the citizens.
● Practice of secularism
● Support integrity, equality and fraternity.
● Developing healthy national feelings
● Proper secular education
● Political determination
● Healthy media
● It divides the society on the basis of religion

POLITICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER -6
THE PROBLEMS OF INDIA AND THEIR REMEDIES
I Answer the following questions in one sentence each
1. What is communalism?
It refers to the split of the whole national community on the basis of religion
2. What do you mean by Corruption?
Misuse of public authority for personal gains.
3. Which are the institutions set up to fight Corruption?
● Lokpal.
● Lokayukta.
4. Which committee is appointed to address the regional imbalances in
Karnataka?
D.M. Nanjundappa Committee.
5. Which program is implemented by the Government of Karnataka for the
development of rural women?
‘Stree Shakti’
6. What is
regionalism?
The strong feeling of people in favour of the local area which they live
7.What is economic inequality?
of the gap between the rich and poor peoples is refers as economic
Inequality.
8. What is profiteering?
Profiteering means the excess profit earing trend at the cost of general public.
9. What is poverty?
Poverty is a condition where the people do not able to get their basic amenities
like food, shelter, clothing, housing.
10. What is smuggling?
Importing Goods without paying any tax to government is called as smuggling
 III. Three marks questions & answers.
1. How is communalism fatal to national unity?
● It disturbs the unity and integrity of nation
● It ruins life and property of society
● It propagates hate-philosophy among religious groups
● It creates social differences in society
● It disturbs the peace of society
● It creates economic antagonism.
● It leads to social unrest.
● For the above reasons Communalism is harmful to national progress
2. Regionalism is against national development- discuss
● It leads to rivalry among the state
● It leads to interstate border disputes
● It leads to interstate river water disputes
● It develops parochialism
● It’s harmful to national unity
● It disturbs peace in society
3. What are the measures undertaken for the removal of regional imbalance?
 Upholding single citizenship
 Dr D.M.Nanjundappa committee has been formed
 Through Article 371 A to J special status has been provided
 Malenadu development committee has been formed
 Hyderabad Karnataka Development committee has been created
 Projects for development of the North -East states
4. Which are the factors promoting regionalism?
 Regional historical background
 Social system
 Economic considerations
 Cultural diversities
 Geographical aspects
 Linguistic fanaticism
5. What are reasons for illiteracy?
 Poverty
 Migration
 Child labour
 Child marriage
 Assignment of responsibility of baby care elderly children
 Lack of interests to give education to children
6. What are the measures to spread literacy?
 Sarva siksha abhiyan
 Establishment of national literacy mission
 Launching of sakshara bharat program
 Article 21 A
 Right to education act of 2009
 Special provision to women education
7. What are the negative consequences of corruption?
 It is anti-social
 It is anti-economic
 It is politically unsound
 It is ethically wrong
 It misleads the society
 8. List out the different types of corruption practices.
 Tax -evasion
 Hoarding
 Smuggling
 Misappropriation
 Fraud
 Violation of rules of foreign exchange
 Professional misconduct
9. What are the measures taken to check Corruption?
 Lokpal.
 Lokayukta.
 Creating awareness among public
 Awarding harsh punishment.
 Sound bureaucracy
 Good political leadership
 Appointing honest officers
10. What are the suggestions to improve the status of women?
 Providing education to women
 Providing Reservation in political field and jobs
 Prohibiting of female feticide and female infanticide
 Prohibiting Dowry system
 Formation of women self-help groups
 Establishment of women commission
 Establishment of women and child development department
11. “Self help groups have increased the dignity and autonomy of women”. How?
 To share meager resources
 Obtain external support
 Undertake join business
 Manage accounts and bank transactions
 Take up income generating activities
 Earn, spend and save at their willingness
 Loans and subsidies
12. What were the causes that widening gap between ‘haves’ and have not’s in India?
 Increasing segment of white collor jobs
 Profiteering
 Corruption
 High salary syndrome in the private sectors
 The operation of multinational companies
 Rich and urban society is reaping more benefits of our national income
13. What were the remedies of removing economic imbalance?
 Land reforms
 Careful fiscal policies
 Healthy taxation system
 Encouraging rural industries
 Labour oriented policies
 Social security programs
 Proper economic policies
 Proper regulation on large industries
14. List out factors that causing over population in India
 Increasing birth rat
 Decreasing death rate
  Rise of long lively period
 Decrease of infant mortality
 Poverty
 Religious factors
15. List out the problems created by rapid population growth
 Unemployment
 Illiteracy
 Poverty
 Beggary
 Housing scarcity
 Health and water scarcity
16. What are the measures to tackle over population?
 Family planning
 Family welfare activities
 The spread of literacy
 Agricultural development
 Technical training
 Creation of employment opportunity
 Implementation of effective national population policies
17. Population is deemed as human resource-Explain
 Population is essential for economic growth
 It supplies human power to all sectors
 Population is also consumer for all produced goods
 Well educated population is essential for development
 The production also carried by people of a country
 Population also generates capital
18. Make a list of poverty eradication programs
 BPL cards are issued
 Five years plans are implemented
 Jawahar Rozagar yojana has been implemented
 Rural employment guarantee programs are launched
 Pradhana Mantri Gramodhaya yojana has been started
 Proper distribution of wealth
 Proper utilization of resources
19. What are the problems created by profiteering?
 It corrupts society
 It creates economic inequality
 It enhances poverty
 It promotes unethical practices in trade
 It creates inflation
 It exploits consumers
20. Which are factors that lead to profiteering?
 Black marketing
 Hoarding
 Unhealthy market practices
 Spread of multinational companies
 Monopoly of business houses
 Black marketing
 Lack of proper price monitoring
 21. “Profiteering brings loss both for producer and consumer” How do you justify
this statement?
Producers -It creates duplicate goods
It brings less profit to producers
Consumers- It creates economic inequalities
It enhances poverty
It leads to inflation
It erodes large chunk of the income of the consumers
22. List out the measures to check the profiteering?
 Proper governmental regulations
 Control of price index
 Expansion of cooperative marketing societies
 Proper taxation policy
 Consumer education
 Consumer protection act of 1986
23. How can we check smuggling?
 Encouraging import substitutions
 Suitable modulation of domestic market
 Suitable modulation in prices
 Proper export-import policy
 Strict coastal vigilance services
 Inter-state trade agreements

CHAPTER -7
INDIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER COUNTRIES
I. One mark questions & answers
1. Which part & article of the constitution explain international peace
and coexistence?
4th part & article 51
2. Mention the big country which borders India.
China.
3. Which book mentions the Silk trade between China and India?
Kautilya’s Arthashastra.
4. Which region is the main bone of contention between India & China
Arunachal Pradesh.
5. Which countries have the highest population in the world?
China & India.
6. Which is the latest development that strengthened the relationship
between India and China?
Formation of BRICS group of countries
7. List out the steel plants established in India by the support of Russia.
Bhilai Steel plant and Bokaro steel plants.
8. Which are the two biggest Democratic countries of the world?
India and the USA.
9. Which are the two political Parties of the USA?
Democratic and Republican parties.
10. Which historical agreement is signed between India & Pakistan?
Tashkent Agreement in 1966.
11. Who mediated the Tashkent agreement?
Russia.
12. Which region is the main bone of contention between India & Pakistan?
Jammu Kashmir
13. What is the effect of the Indo-Pak war of 1971?
Creation of Bangladesh.
14. Who aided India in the Goa liberation Movement?
Russia.

II. Two marks questions & answers

1. Why did countries need to have good relationships with other countries?
The countries need to have good relationships with other countries because
• To maintain peace and good relations
• For economic gain
• For universal brotherhood
• For sharing culture and traditions
2. What are the measures taken to improve the strained relationship
betweenIndia & Pakistan?
 Tashkent Agreement.
 Shimla Agreement.
 Lahore Bus Yatra.
 Agra Conference.
3. In spite of the border dispute between India and China, how have they
strengthened their relationship?
• India and China have established good trade relationship after 1980
• ‘BRICS’ a group of countries was established in 2015
4. India and the USA are two democratic countries. Explain the mutual
Co-operation that exists between both countries?
• USA helped economically in five year plans of India
• 1962 China's aggression, the support of USA strengthened India
• Both nations had good relations in foreign trade, Science and technology,
space and education
• Both nations are bounded by the principals of world peace and support for
UNO
5. Explain India’s relationship with Russia
• India maintains a good relationship with Russia
• In 1962 Russia condemned China's aggression on India
• During the liberation of Goa in 1961 Russia supported India
• In 1966 Tashkent agreement was signed by India and Pakistan with the
mediation of Russia
• Russia assisted India in establishment of Bhilai and Bokaro steel plant
6. Describe the relationship between India and China from Sindhu River
Civilization till recent times
 Goes back to Mesopotamia and Indus valley Civilization
 Acceptance of Buddhism in China
 Business relationship between rulers
 Discussion of China’s silk in Kautilya’s Arthashastra
 Panchsheel principles
  Tibetian crisis
 War in 1962
 Border disputes
 Arunachal Pradesh dispute
 BRICS nations
7. The relationship between India and China has recently been spoiled?
What is thereason for this?
 Border disputes
 China-Pakistan relationship
 China’s claims over Arunachal Pradesh
 China has annexed Tibet against Indian will
 Maoist’s terrorism in form of Naxalis

SOCIOLOGY
CHAPTER-8
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
I Fill in the blanks with suitable answers
1. ‘Truly the whole Mankind is one’ is declared by Pampa
2. “Untouchability is a stigma on the Hindu society” is declared by Mahatma Gandhi
3. The practice of untouchability is prohibited by 17 article
4. The untouchability crimes were implemented in 1955.

II answer the following questions

1. What are the legal measures undertaken to eradicate Untouchability explain
● Section 17 of the constitution prohibits the practice of untouchability
● The untouchability crime act was implemented in 1955
● Citizen rights protection act was passed in 1976
● Universal right to vote and participate in election has been provided
● Special reservation in education, political, economic and employment
opportunities
● The act of 1989 permits special responsibilities to the state governments with
regarding eradication of untouchability
2. What Is Social Stratification?
The practice of classifying people as Superior-Inferior and Upper-Lower based on
Gender, Caste, Profession, Class and Race.
3. How has social stratification been created?
Social stratification has been created on the basis of gender, language, height, weight,
colour of the skin.
4. What are prejudices?
Prejudices is the opinion a person forms about another person or community even
before he gets to know them
5. Name the personalities who tries to wipe out the stigma of untouchability.
 Jyotiba Phule
 Swami Vivekananda
 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
 Mahatma Gandhi.
6. What are the effects of prejudices?
 Impatience
 Contempt
 Disrespect
 Hatred
 Social inequality
 Social conflict

CHAPTER-9
Work and Economic life
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers
1. Division of labour leads to Specialization
2. Landless labourers are called as unorganized Labourers
3. Labourers of medical institutions are called organized worker
II. Answer the following questions
1. What is division of labour?
The work being done by people depending on their interests, abilities, age,
experience, skill and gender is called Division of labour
2. What is ‘paid work’?
The Labour which provides wages, salary or any other material benefit is called
Labour with payment
3. What is Labour without payment?
The Labour which not provides wages, salary or any other material benefit but gives
mental satisfaction is called Labour without payment
4. What is specialization?
Specialization means achieving sufficient expertise, training and skill in any particular
Field
5. What is the organized labour sector?
The sector which is enrolled as per law of government, and provided fixed wages
facilities within the framework of law is called organized labour sector
6. What is the unorganized labour sector?
The sector which is not enrolled as per law of government, not provided fixed wages
facilities and not within the framework of law is called unorganized labour sector
7. What is unemployment?
Unemployment means inability to get work in spite of proper age, ability and interest
8. What is the Division of Labour? Which factors influence the division of
labour?
9. The work being done by people depending on their skill, abilities, age etc. is
called Division of Labour.
Factors influence the division of labour
• Age
• Skill
• Ability
• Interest
• Gender
• Expertise
10. What are the causes for unemployment?
• Over population
• Mechanization
• Division of labour
 • Social inequality
• Insufficient capital
• Illiteracy
11. What are the effects of unemployment?
• Poverty
• Ill-health
• Crimes
• Corruption
• Family disintegration
• Deception
• Prostitution
12. What are the remedies for unemployment?
• Population control
• Agricultural control
• Industrial development
• Educational reforms
• Five years plans
• Employment guarantee program
13. Write the difference between organized workers and unorganized workers

Organized workers Unorganized workers

 They have fixed wages  They don’t have fixed wages
 They have Leave facilities  They don’t have Leave facilities
 They are bounded by Rules  They don’t are bounded by Rules
 They have medical facilities  They don’t have medical facilities
 They need Education  They don’t need Education
qualification qualification.
 Example- police , Teacher  Example- Farmer, Street wenders
13. What are the problems faced by unorganized sector workers?
● Lack of allowances
● Lack of job security
● Lack of legal framework
● Child labour
● Physical and mental exploitation
● Lack of specific wages

GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER -I0
INDIA-GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND PHYSICAL FEATURES
I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1.What is India's total geographical area?
32.87.263 sq km.
2. Which Latitude is passed in the middle part of India?
Tropic of Cancer / 23½° North latitude.
3. Which longitude is considered as India's central meridian?
82 ½ ° East Longitude.
4. Which country lies in the south of India?
Sri Lanka
 5. Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India
The mainland of India extends from 80.4’ to 370.6’ North latitude and from 680.7’ to
970.25’ east longitude
6. Which is the southernmost point of main land of India?
The Southernmost point of India is Indira Point which located at 60 45’ north latitude
7. Which is the southern tip of main land of India?
Kanyakumari
8. In which island is Indira point located?
Great Nicobar Island
9. The name “India” derived from which river?
River Indus,
10. What is the other name of outer Himalayas?
Siwalik range is the other name of outer Himalayas
11. What do you mean by Doons?
The narrow strips plains or valleys of Siwalik ranges are known as Doons
12. Which is the highest mountain peak of India?
Mount Godwin Austin or K2 is the highest mountain peak of India
13. Which is the recently formed land mass of
India?
14. Which is the highest peak of South India?
Anamudi
15. Name the birth place of river Ganga?
Gangotri glacier is the birth place of river Ganga
16. What is “Trans Himalayas”?
The ranga of fold mountains lying to the north of the greater Himalayas is called as
Trans himalayas
17. Where do the Eastern Ghats meet the Western Ghats?
Nilgiri Hills
18. Which type of soil is deposited in the Northern great plain?
Alluvial soil
19. Write another name of the Himalayan Foothills?
Siwalik Ranges
20. Give an example of doons.
Dehradun
21. What is the other name of western Ghats in Karnataka?
Sahyadri is the other name of western ghats in Karnataka
22. What are the names of the west coast in different states of India?
Malabar (Kerala), Canara (Karnataka) .The Konkan (Goa, Maharashtra)
23. What are the names of Eastern coast in different states of India?
Coramandal (Tamil Nadu), Northern Circar (Orissa, Bengal).
24. In which part of Asian continent is India located?
South east
25. In which hemisphere of the earth is India located
Northern hemisphere
II ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Which are the main physiographic divisions of India?
● The greater Himalayas
● The northern great plain
● The peninsular plateau
● The coastal plains
2. The northern Great plains are called as deposited plain. Why?
The northern plains are called as deposited plains because they formed by the
deposition of alluvial soil which brought down by the rivers which rise in the
Himalayas.
3. Which is the largest and most ancient physiographic division of India?
Peninsular plateau
4. What is the economic importance of the Peninsular plateau?
The Peninsular plateau has a great economic importance, they are
● It has rich deposits of minerals
● It is the birthplace of many south Indian rivers
● It has thick forests and biodiversity
● It is suitable for generation of Hydro-electric
5. What are the advantages of Himalayas?
● They act as natural frontiers
● They prevent cold winds from central Asia
● They obstruct rain bearing winds and causes heavy rain
● They have thick forests
6. Write about Shiwalik range.
The Shiwalik ranges are
 These are the most recently formed landmass
 They have lesser height
 They also called as ‘foothills of Himalayas’
 They have the narrow strips of plains Doons
7. Explain the extend of peninsular plateau.
The peninsular plateau stretches from the south of the Sutlej-Ganga plains upto the
Indian ocean in the south. And Western Ghats in the west to eastern ghats in east
8. Distinguish the difference between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats
Western Ghats Eastern Ghats
 They are Continuous  They are not Continuous
 They Near to Arabian Sea  They Near to Bay of Bengal
 They are the birth place of  They are the breakdown by
Southern India River Valleys
 They have Hill stations  They don’t have Hill stations
9. Distinguish the difference between the Western Coast and the Eastern Coast
Western Coast Eastern Coast
 They are near to Arabian Sea  They Near to Bay of Bengal
 They have Back Waters  They have Lagoons
 Extended from Rann of kutch  Extended from River
to Kanyakumari Subarnarekha to Kanyakumari
 It is broader  It is not broader
 CHAPTER -11
INDIA -SEASONS

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Which type of climate is found in India?
Tropical Monsoon Climate
2. During the Summer Season the temperature is high in India. Why?
During this season the Sun’s rays fall vertically over the Northern Hemisphere. Hence
the temperature is high in India.
3. The highest temperature recorded in North India during the summer season. Why?
Long day and distance away from the sea.
4. Which is the hottest place in India?
Ganganagar
5. What is the reason for rainfall at some places in India during April-May?
Due to Local temperature and winds.
6. What is the name of rainfall that falls in April-May (convectional rain) in
Kerala?
Mango showers
7. What is the name of rainfall that falls in April-May in Bengal?
Kalabaisakhi
8. What is the name of rainfall that falls in the month of April-May in Karnataka?
Coffee blossom
9. Which season brings the highest rainfall in India?
Southwest monsoon season or rainy season
10. Which season brings the highest rainfall in Tamil Nadu?
The north east monsoon season or Retreating monsoon season.
11. The south west monsoon starts to retreat in early October. Why?
In early October due to decrease of temperature, low pressure area is gradually
replaced by high pressure over the land mass. A low pressure area is developed over
the Bay of Bengal.
12. Which is the lowest rainfall season in India?
Winter season
13. Which is the lowest rainfall place in India?
'Ruyli' in Jaisalmer of Rajasthan.
14. Which is the highest rainfall place in India?
Meghalaya's ‘Mawsynram’
15. Which country's agriculture is gambling with monsoon Rain?
India
16. What do you mean by monsoon winds?
The wind which change their direction according to season are known as Monsoon
winds
17. Which season is generally called the rainy season?
South-west monsoon season is generally called the rainy season
18. Name the desert found in India
Thar desert
II. Answer the following questions
1. Which are the factors that influence the climate of India?
OR
Why does the climate of India vary from one region to another? (March-2019)
 These are the factors that influence the climate of India
 Latitude, height from the sea level,
 Distance from the sea,
 Direction of winds,
 Mountain ranges,
 Ocean curren
2. Which are the important seasons of Indian climate?
● Summer season
● South-west monsoon season
● Retreating monsoon season
● Winter season
3. Explain the process of the south-west monsoons
Because of high temperature low pressure area developed in central India
On other hand there is high pressure over Indian Ocean
Hence moisture laden winds blow from south-west towards India
They bring rainfall to different parts of India
4. Explain the weather condition in summer season
● In this season Sun rays fall perpendicular in the northern hemisphere
● Hence India recorded highest temperature
● The days are quite long
● Convectional rain occurs locally in some parts of country
5. Mention the areas with low rainfall in India
● Kutch regions
● Thar desert and adjoining areas like western Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat
● Jammu and Kashmir
● Interior Karnataka
● Ruyly in Rajasthan
6. Mention the highest rainfall areas in India.
● The western areas of Western Ghats
● Assam and other eastern states
● North eastern India, Mawsynram
● west Bengal.
7. What are the features of winter season in India?
 India gets oblique rays of the Sun
 Temperature and humidity are low
 It starts from December and continues till February end
 Cool in north and warm in South
8. Write the difference between two branches of Monsoon winds.
Arabian sea branch Bay of Bengal branch
 Blow over Arabian sea  Blow over Bay of Bengal Sea
 Brings rains to western Ghats  Brings rains to northern India
 Rain decreases towards eastern  Rain decreases towards north-
slopes east
9. List out convectional rains in different states of India.
Andhis-Uttar Pradesh
Kalabaisakhis-West Bengal
Mango Showers- Kerela
Coffee blossom- Karnataka
10. “Indian agriculture gambling with the monsoon winds” Discuss.
 The south-west Monsoon controls the agriculture of India
 The failure of agriculture leads to drought
 The heavy rain also leads to floods
 The rain is uncertain and unevenly distributed.
Hence we say ‘Indian agriculture gambling with the monsoon winds’.
CHAPTER-12
SOILS OF INDIA
I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. How did soil form?
Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks under different types of climate.
2. Why black soil called as black cotton soil?
Black soil is best suitable for cotton cultivation hence it is called as black cotton soil
3. Name the crops grown in laterite soil?
Coffee and Tea
4. What is a Deccan trap?
The area of black soil is called as Deccan trap
5. What is alluvial soil?
The soil that is composed of alluvium is called alluvial soil.
6. What kind of soil found in northern plains?
Alluvial soil
7. What are the other names of black soil?
Regur soil and black cotton soil
8. How can black soil be formed?
Black soil can be formed by the weathering of the igneous rock
9. Where do we find laterite soil?
Laterite soil is found normally in the areas receiving more than 200 cms of rainfall
10. ‘Laterite soil also looks red in colour’. Why?
Because of heavy rainfall the minerals of the soil get washed off leaving behind ferric
oxide and aluminum in the surface soil. Hence this soil also looks red in colour
11. Laterite soil is less fertile and lack of nitrogen and minerals. Why?
The minerals dissolved in the rain water percolate to deeper layer of the soil and
insoluble oxides of iron and aluminum are found in the top layer
12. Desert soil is not suitable for agriculture. Why?
In the desert soil water percolates easily without retentive and moisture get reduced
13. Where did desert soil can be formed?
Desert soil are formed in the regions of less rainfall and high temperature
14. What is soil erosion?
Soil erosion refers to the removal of top soil by natural agents.
15. What were the features of black soil?
 It is formed by the weathering of the igneous rock
 It contains more of clay particles
 It is fertile
 It is capable of retaining water
 This soil is more of lime and
 Magnesium carbonates
16. Black soil is suitable for dry farming. Why? (March-2019)
It contains more of clay particles
It is fertile
It is capable of retaining water
17. Which are the major types of soils found in India?
 Alluvial soil
 Black soil
 Red soil
 Laterite soil
 Desert soil
 Mountain soil
18. Explain the distribution of Black soil in India
Black soils are largely distributed in Deccan Basalt Trap region including
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Northern part of Karnataka, Gujarat
and Tamil Nadu
19. What is soil erosion and soil conservation?
Transportation of surface soil by various natural forces (winds, waves) is called soil
erosion
Prevention of soil from erosion and protecting of fertility of the soil is known as soil
Conservation
20. Mention the main causes of soil erosion?
● Deforestation
● Overgrazing
● Over irrigation
● Manufacturing of bricks, tiles and pots
● Unscientific methods of cultivation
● landslides
21. What are the effects of soil erosion?
● It leads to accumulation of silt in the river beds and causing floods
● With accumulation of silt in river, it changes the river course
● Due to accumulation of silt, the storage capacity of reservoirs got reduced
● Due to the loss of fertility the agriculture production got reduced
22. List out the methods of soil conservation
● Contour ploughing
● Encouragement of afforestation
● Control of livestock grazing
● Construction of check dams
● Planned use of water
● Construction of bunds around agriculture land
23. Write the different crops cultivated in alluvial soil
 Paddy
 Wheat
 Sugarcane
 Cotton
 CHAPTER-13
INDIA FOREST RESOURCES

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. What do you mean by forest?
A large area of land covered with trees and undergrowth naturally is called forest or
natural vegetation
2. How much of area is under forests in India?
India has approximately 6.9 lakh km2 or 21.2% of total geographical area of forfest
3. Name the area where Desert vegetation is found in India
The Desert vegetation founds in Punjab, Haryana, Rajastan and Deccan plateau
4. What do you mean by forest conservation?
Protecting the forest from disease, human being, animals is known as forest
conservation.
5. Which type of forest is found in the Himalayas?
Alpine type of Forests
6. Which forests are most commonly found in the river delta of eastern coast?
(March- 2019)
Mangrove Forests
7. In which state is the Nagarjuna Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary located?
Andhra Pradesh state.
8. Which type of forest shed their lives during spring and early summer?
Deciduous monsoon forests.
9. Which state has the largest area under forests? (March-2019)
Madhya Pradesh
10. Which state has the lowest area under forests?
Haryana state
11. Wildlife sanctuaries are set up in India. Why?
Wildlife sanctuaries have been set up to protect animals in their natural habitat
12. Which types of forests are found in high rainfall areas?
Evergreen forest
13. Which types of forest are wildly distributed in India?
Deciduous monsoon forest
14. Monsoon forest are called as deciduous forests. Why?
The trees in this forest shed their leaves during dry winters. Because monsoon forest
is called as deciduous forests
15. Why evergreen forest called as evergreen forest?
The trees are always green in this forest, since this forest are called as evergreen
forest
16. Name the grass grown in tropical grassland.
Babool, Seesum and Sabhai
17. How is mangrove forest are formed?
Mangrove forests are formed due to tides
18. Mangrove forest of Ganga basin are known as ‘Sundarbans’. Why?
The ‘Sundari’ trees are plenty in mangrove forest of Ganga basin, hence Mangrove
forests of Ganga basin are known as ‘Sundarbans’
 19. Where did mangrove forest are found?
Mangrove forest are found along the deltas and coastal regions and estuaries of rivers
that are subjected tides
20. What is the main features of desert forest?
The plants are deep-rooted and consists mainly of thorny shrubs
21. Which is first Biosphere reserve of India?
Panna and Seshachalam Nilgiri was the first Biosphere reserve of India.
22. Which is first national park of India?
Jim Corbett National park (Uttaranchal) is the first National park of India
23. Where do we find pointed leaves tree?
We found pointed leaves trees in Alpine forests of Himalayas.
II. Answer the following questions
1. Which are the ecological factors influencing the growth of forest?
 Temperature
 Rain
 Land forms
 Soil
2. Indian forests are gradually decreasing -Give reasons
 Expansion of agriculture
 Animal grazing
 Costruction of roads and railways
 Irrigation projects
 Forest fire
 Mining in forest areas
3. Mention the methods of conservation of forest?
● Control of forest fire
● Control of deforestation
● Motivating publics to plant saplings
● Guarding against illegal cutting of trees
● Avoiding grazing of domestic animals in forest
● Control of forest insects and diseases
4. Name the National Parks of Karnataka
● Bandipur national park
● Nagara Hole national park
● Bannerghatta national park
5. How many types of natural vegetation are found in India? Which are they?
Six types of natural vegetation found in India. They are
 Evergreen forest
 Deciduous monsoon forest
 Tropical Grasslands
 Mangrove forest
 Desert vegetation
 Alpine forest of Himalayas
6. Explain the characteristics of deciduous forest of India
● They are found in monsoon type of climate
● They require 75-250 cms of annual rainfall
● Sal, Sandalwood trees found in these forest
● The trees shed their leaves during the dry winters
7. Explain the features of the Evergreen Forests.
● These forests are found in areas of heavy annual rainfall exceeding 250cm.
● These forests found in regions of not more than 900 mts above the sea level.
● We found this forest in western Ghats, North Eastern states and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands
● The trees and plants do not shed their leaves during the year hence they are
8. Where Mangrove Forests did is located?
● These forests are found along the deltas and coastal regions and estuaries of
rivers
● They are mainly found in the deltas Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna
9. What are the causes for the destruction of forests?
● The expansion of agricultural land
● Construction of roads and railway
● Irrigation projects
● Industrialization
10. What is forest conservation? Why is forest conservation essential?
Forest conservation is to protect the forests from human, animal and natural disasters
● To maintain environmental balance
● Receiving of rain
● To protect the habitat of wild animals
● To prevent soil erosion
11. Differentiate the tropical evergreen and Deciduous forest

Tropical evergreen forest Tropical Deciduous forest

 Found in heavy rainfall  Found in moderate rainfall
and temperature region region
 They are dense  Shed their leaves in Spring
and early summer season

12. Differentiate the Mountain and Mangrove forest

Mountain forest Mangrove forest

 Found in slopes of  Found in river Delta
mountains  Example : Sundarbans
 Example : Himalayan
forest
 CHAPTER-13
INDIA WATER RESOURCES

I. Answer the following questions

1. What do you mean by Inundation canals?
The canals directly constructed to rivers to drawn water are called flood canals
2. Name the first multi-purpose river valley of India?
Damodar valley project is the first multi-purpose river valley of India

3. hich river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’?

Damodar River is known as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’
4. Damodar River called as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’-Why?
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Bengal. Hence
it is called as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’
5. Which is the highest dam of India?
Bhakra dam is the highest dam of India
6. Which is the reservoir constructed to across the Bhakra dam?
Gobind Sagar is the reservoir of Bhakra dam
7. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’?
Kosi river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’
8. Kosi river is called known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’-Give reasons
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Bihar. because
it is called as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’
9. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Orissa’?
Mahanadi River is known as ‘Sorrow of Orissa’
10. Why does Mahanadi River is called as ‘Sorrow of Orissa?
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Orissa.
Becauseit is called as ‘Sorrow of Orissa’
11. Which is the largest dam in India?
Hirakud dam is the largest dam of India
12. Where was Tungabhadra dam constructed?
Tungabhadra dam was constructed at Mallapur village near Hospet in Bellary District
13. What was the name of the reservoir of Tungabhadra dam?
Pampa sagara
14. Which are the two dams constructed in Upper Krishna project?
Alamatti dam (Lal-bahadur-shastri sagara) and Narayanapura dam(Basava sagara)
15. Where did Nagarjuna Sagar dam constructed?
Nagarjuna Sagar dam was constructed at Nandikonda village of Andhra Pradesh
16. Across which river the Hirakud project is built?
Mahanadi
17. What Is Irrigation?
The artificial supply of water for the purpose of agriculture is called irrigation.
18. What are flood Canals?
The canals where water is drawn directly from the river without building a dam
wascalled as flood canals
19. What are perennial canals?
The canals directly constructed to reservoirs to drawn water for agriculture are
calledperennial canals.
20. Which is the highest dam in India?
Bhakra Dam
22. Name an international project and a joint venture of India and Nepal?
Kosi project
23. Where is Kosi Project Dam located?
Hanuman nagar of Nepal
24. Where did ‘Basavasagara’ reservoir constructed?
‘Basvasagara’ reservoir constructed at Narayanapura
25. Across which river the Nagarjuna sagar Project built?
Krishna River
26. What is the result of construction of the Damodar river project? (March-2019)
Damodar is no longer ‘Sorrow of Bengal’.
27. Which are the four dams built in the Damodar river valley project?
Tilaiya, Konar, Maithon and Panchet Hill

I Answer the following questions

1. What is irrigation? Mention its main types in India?
The supply of water to agriculture from canals, wells and tanks artificially or
manually is known as irrigation. The main types of irrigation in India are
 Well irrigation
 Canal irrigation
 Tank irrigation
2. Why is irrigation important in India?
● India is a agriculture country
● Indian agriculture depends Monsoon rain
● Monsoon is uncertain, seasonal and unevenly distributed
● The certain crops require regular supply of water
3. What are multi-purpose river valley projects? Mention their objectives?
The project which had many purposes along with providing water to agriculture is
known as multi-purpose river valley projects
The objectives of multi-purpose river valley projects are
● Irrigation
● Fishery
● Domestic water supply
● Hydro-electric power generation
● Industrial water supply
● Recreation
4. Explain the importance of well irrigation.
● It is the most important type of irrigation in India.
● Nearly 60.7% of the total irrigated area is from well irrigation.
● Well irrigation is possible even in areas of low rainfall, it is cheap and easy
todig Wells and they do not require superior technology.
● It is easy even for small farmers to dig wells.
 5. List out the hydroelectric power projects of Karnataka.
 Shivanasamudra
 Tungabhadra
 Jog
 Bhadra
 Alamatti
 Kali
6. In India ‘National Power Grid’ was established. Why?
To supply power from surplus state to deficit state ‘National power Grid’ was
established
7. What is ‘Rain Water Harvesting’?
Collection of rain water is called as ‘Rain Water Harvesting’
8. Rain water harvesting is compulsory today. Why?
 Increased population
 Water scarcity
 Irregular monsoon rain
 Reduce the dependency on public water supply.

ECONOMICS
CHAPTER-15
ECONOMY AND GOVERNMENT

I Answer the following questions

1. Name the term which introduced by government to enable
economicdevelopment in 20th century government
‘Welfare states’ is the term to introduced by government to enable
economicdevelopment in 20th century government
2. What is economic stability?
The economy moves towards progress without extreme fluctuations is known
aseconomic stability
3. What is ‘Social justice’
The income and wealth of a country distributed as equally as possible without any
discrimination is called as ‘Social Justice’
4. Which country implemented the ‘Economic planning’ for the first time in
theworld?
Soviet Russia
5. What is ‘Planning’?
The conscious and wise process through which the government, with certain specific
objectives, utilizes the countries resources in a profitable manner in order to secure
maximum satisfaction of its people is called “planning”.
6. Who is the “father of Economic Planning in India”?
Bharat Ratna Sir M Vishveshwaraiah
7. Sir M Vishveshwaraiah is called as “father of Economic Planning in India”. Why?
Sir M Vishveshwaraiah stressed the need for planning to achieve economic
development in India, and he is regarded as“father of Economic Planning in India”
8. Who wrote the book “Planned economy for India?
Sir M Vishveshwaraiah
9. Name the personality who conceived the ‘Modern Planning’ in India.
Sir M Vishveshwaraiah
10. When was ‘National Planning Commission was formed?
1950
11. Who is the chairman of National Planning Commission?
Prime Minister
12. When ‘National Development Council’ did was formed?
1952
13. Which is organization that approves the five-year plans?
National development council
14. Who are the members in National Development Council?
Chief Ministers of all states are the members of ‘National Development Council’
15. What are the primary objectives of Indian five-year plans?
Eradication of poverty and improving standard of living
16. In the 11th five years plan main priority was given to ‘Inclusive Growth’. Why?
In order to include everyone in the process of growth the 11 th five years plan
mainpriority was given to ‘Inclusive Growth’
17. What do you mean by “Green Revolution”?
The quick progress in agriculture is known as ‘Green revolution’
18. Who conducted experiments in high yielding Wheat grain in Mexico?
German scientist Dr. Norman Borlaug
19. Name the countries that used the high yielding wheat grains?
Mexico and Taiwan
20. Who is the “father of Green Revolution in India”?
Dr.M.S. Swamynathan
21. Dr.M.S.Swamynathan is called as “Father of Green Revolution”.Why?
Dr.M.S.Swamynathan is the key person in using pre-harvest technology in
Indianagriculture. Hence he is called the “father of Green Revolution”
22. What is ‘Pre-Harvest technology?
Using of improved technology in high yielding seeds, irrigation, chemical
fertilizersand pesticides in agriculture is called as ‘Pre=Harvest technology’
23. What is ‘Post-Harvest Technology’?
Using of improved technology in procure, process, and marketing of agriculture
iscalled as Post-Harvest Technology.
24. What is ‘The Second Green Revolution’ Or ‘Perpetual Green Revolution’?
Using of natural friendly techniques in agriculture is called as perpetual
greenrevolution
25. What is organic farming of zero investment farming?
Using of natural friendly techniques in agriculture is called as organic farming or Zero
investment farming
26. Who is the present chairman of NITI Aayog?
Dr. Rajeev Kumar
27. When did ‘NITI-Aayog’ form?
1st January 2015
28. How has the role of governments increased in welfare states?
The role of governments increased in welfare states to provide facilities like
 Food
 Shelter
 Education
 Health
 Hygiene
 Transport and communication
 29. List out the objectives of Indian five-year plans to eradicate Poverty
andImproving standard of living.
 Increasing the production
 Increasing employment opportunity
 Reducing economic disparities
 Ensuring economic stability
 Modernizing the economy
30. List out the achievements of five years plans?
 Growth in national income
 Self-sufficiency in production of food grains
 Increasing employment opportunities
 Progress in science
 Expansion of industries and service sectors
 Development in agriculture
31. List out the demerits of five-year plans
 Poverty not eradicated
 Lack of employment opportunity
 Gap between Rich and poor was widening
 Equality not achieved
 Social justice not achieved
32. What are the remedies for the problems faced by agriculture sector?
 Using of high yielding seeds
 Using of chemical fertilizers
 Subsidizing to avail modern equipment
 Fair price to agricultural products
 Construction of granaries
 Construction of cold-storage warehouse
33. What are the factors that led to green revolution?
Pre-Harvest Technology: - High yielding deeds
Irrigation
Chemical fertilizer
Pesticides Post-Harvest Technology: - Modern equipment
Cold storage warehouses
Granaries
Fair price system
34. What are the activities of NITI Aayog?
 Policy and program frame work
 Co-operative federalism
 Monitoring and evaluation
 Thinktank and knowledge and innovation hub
35. What are the objectives of NITI Aayog?
i. To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities, sectors
andstrategies with the active involvement of states
ii. To faster co-operative federalism encouraging strong state make a
strongnation
 BUSINESS STUDIES
CHAPTER-16
BANK TRANSACTIONS

I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS

1. The word Bank has been derived from the French word Banque
2. The Bankers bank is Reserve bank of India
3. An example for nationalized bank is Canara bank
4. The National savings certificates are issued by Post offices
5. The type of account where any numbers of transactions can be made with the bank is
Current account
6. The deposits for a fixed term can be deposited in Term deposit account
7. Ramu wants save money for future he wants to open recurring deposit
account
II ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What is a bank?
Bank is an institute which collects the deposits and lending the loan to consumers
2. What are the characteristics of a bank?
 Dealing with money
 Individual / firm company
 Acceptance of deposits
 Lending loans
 Payments and withdrawals
 Name identity
 Agency and utility services
3. What are the functions of a bank?
● Accepting deposits from public
● Collecting money by cheques, drafts, bills
● Lending money
● Transferring money from one place to another place
● Discounting of bills
● Hiring safe deposit lockers
● Conducting foreign exchange service
4. Explain the relations between bank and customers?
Generalrelationship
● Primary relationship
● Subsidiary relationship
● Agent and principal relationship
Special relationship
● Obligations to honor cheques
● Obligations to maintain secrecy of accounts
 5. What are the advantages of opening bank accounts? (March-2019)
● It facilitates a safe custody of money
● It helps in making payments
● It helps in collection of money
● The account holders get advances and loans
● It helps in smooth financial transactions
● It provides safe deposit lockers
6. What are the services of post offices?
● Post office savings bank
● Issuing National savings certificate
● Monthly recurring deposits
● Postal life insurance
● Pension payment
● Money transfers
● Postal Banking
7. How many types of banks?
There are six types of banks
● Reserve bank of India
● Commercial banks
● Land development banks
● Indigenous bank
● Co-operative banks
● Industrial development banks
8. Name the different types of bank accounts. explain any one of them
● Savings bank account
● Current account
● Recurring deposit account
● Term deposit account
Savings bank Account: This account is opened by salaried persons, students,
pensioners. This account encourages savings of people. There is no restriction on the
number and amount of deposits. The money can withdraw by cheque or withdrawal
slips.
9. What are the services offered by banks?
● Credit cards
● Personal loans
● Safe deposit lockers
● Debit cards
● Signature guarantee
● Net banking
● Mobile banking
10. What were the procedures to open a bank account?
 Selection of type of account
 Approaching the bank to opening a account
 Fill of the Bank account form
 Fulfilling reference
 Submitting account opening form
 Verification of application
 Initial deposit.
11. List out the bank operations activities
 Encouraging savings
 Mobilizing deposits and lending loans
 Cheques, drafts facilities to account holder
 Cash can be withdrawn through cheques or withdrawn slips or ATM
 Providing standing instruction for effective periodical payments
 Transfer of accounts from one branch to another branch
 Home and vehicle loans
 GJC HOODI, BENGALURU- 560048

10th Standard
SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES (2022-23)
(English Medium-Revised Syllabus)

PART-2
 HISTORY
CHAPTER-17
FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE (1857)

1. What were the causes for 1857 revolt?

 Political causes
 Economic causes
 Administrative causes
 Military causes
 Immediate causes
2. How were the economic policies resulted in the mutiny of 1857? Explain
 Indian handicrafts and industries diminished
 The Indian artisans become unemployed
 British levied heavy tax on the Indian goods
 The farmers were exploited by the Zamindars
 Inam lands are withdrawn by the Inam Commission
 British looted the Indian natural resources
3. What were the issues that outraged the religious feelings of the soldiers?
OR
The condition of Indian soldiers in the British army was very pathetic. Justify?
 The soldiers forced to overseas service
 They also forced to use the new ‘Royal Enfield’ guns which the bullet was
smeared with the fat of Pig and Cow
 They also lost good status
 They cannot get good salary
 They cannot get promotions in army
 They worked has cooli soldiers in army.
4. What were the immediate causes for the first war of Indian independence?
A rumor spread among the soldiers that the bullets used in the ‘Royal Enfield’ guns
were smeared with the fat of Cow and Pigs, these were blasphemous for Muslims and
Hindus. Because of this cause the first war of Indian independence was started.
5. What are the political and economic causes of 1857 revolt?
Political Causes:
 Doctrine of Lapse policy
 Dalhousie abolished the kingships of Tanjavore and Carnatic Nawabs
 The British dethroned the Mughal kings
Economic Causes:
 Indian handicrafts and industries diminished.
 The Indian artisans become unemployed.
 British levied heavy tax on Indian goods.
6. What were the results of ‘Doctrine of Lapse?
 Many Indian kings lose their kingdoms
 Satara, Jaipur become the part of British empire
 Jhansi and Udaipur also become the part of British empire
 Dalhousie abolished the kingships of Tanjore and Carnatic Nawabs
 The British dethroned the Mughal kings
 It leads to 1857 revolt
7. What are the political causes of 1857 revolt?
 Many Indian kings lose their kingdoms
 Satara, Jaipur become the part of British empire
 Jhansi and Udaipur also become the part of British empire
 Dalhousie abolished the kingships of Tanjavore and Carnatic Nawabs
 The British dethroned the Mughal kings
 It leads to 1857 revolt
8. What are the administrative reasons of 1857 revolt?
 The criminal and civil laws of British
 Partiality by British
 English became a language of court
 The English judges gave judgments in favor of the British
 People did not like the new laws.
9. List out the reasons that led to the failure of the mutiny of 1857
The reasons for the failure of 1857 mutiny are
 The revolt did not spread to the whole country
 There was lack of strategy, expertise among soldiers
 Lack of discipline.
 Lack of arms among the Indian soldiers
 Unity among British forces.
 Many Indian kings extended their loyalties to the British
 Lack of leadership among soldiers.
10. Explain the Queen’s declarations of 1858
In 1858 the Queen of England made an announcement. This is known as India’s
“Magna Carta”. It includes
 The agreements made by East India company with the kings were accepted
 Ambitious expansion plan had to be given up
 A stable government had to be provided to India
 There would be equality under law
 Non pursuance of regional expansion
 Not interference in the religious matters of Indians
11. What are the effects of 1857 revolt?
 It put an end to administration of East India company in India
 In 1858 Queen Victoria proclamations are came into force
 This revolt gives new route to upcoming Indian freedom struggle
 The doctrine of laps principle has been withdrawn by Queen
 British decided to involve Indians in administration
 Patriotism was recharged the upcoming struggles
 CHAPTER-18
FREEDOM STRUGGLE

I. One-mark questions and answers

1. Describe the theory of wealth drain.
The theory which explains the transfer of Indian wealth to England is known as theory
of wealth drain
1. When did the Indian National Congress was established?
The Indian National Congress was established in the year 1885
2. Who founded the Indian National Congress?
A.O. Hume
3. Who is the First president of the Indian National congress?
W. C. Banerjee
4. When did Muslim league founded?
1906
5. Who introduced the Vernacular press act?
Lord Litton
6. Who presents the “Drain Theory”?
Dadabhai Nooroji.
7. Who were called as ‘political beggars’ by radicals?
Moderates
8. What do you mean by Radicals?
The group congressmen who criticized the soft stance of moderates are called as
Radicals
9. Who implemented the Bengal division?
Lord Curzon
10. List out moderates’ leaders
M.G. Ranade, Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopalkrishna Gokhale
were prominent.
11. List out the revolutionary organizations?
Abhinav Bharath, Anusheela Samiti, Gadha, Lotus and Dragger
12. Name the revolutionaries in the freedom movement?
V.D. Savarkar, Aurobindo Ghosh, Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekar Azad
wereprominent revolutionary leaders.
13. Name the famous non-Congress leader who came to light in the time of the
QuitIndia Movement?
Jayaprakash Narayan

II.Answer the following questions

1. Which were the organizations in India before the establishment of the
IndianNational Congress?
The Hindu Mela', The East India Association', 'Poona Sarvajanik Sabha' and 'The
Indian Association' were the organizations in India before the establishment of the
Indian National Congress
2. What were the demands put forward by moderates to the British?
 The moderates trusted the British administration and their impartiality.
 They used to place their requests and appeals before the government within the
constitutional framework.
 The moderates taught people about political situations.
  They conducted meetings, discussed problems and placed before the
government
 They demand for development of industries, reduction of military expenses,
3. What the reasons were for withdrew of the partition of Bengal?
 Explosive Protest from Indians
 Swadeshi movement
 Ban of European goods from Indians
 They demand for improvement in education.
4. Explain the role of Balagangadhar Tilak in the freedom struggle.
OR
How did Radicals further intensify the Indian Freedom Struggle? (June-2020)
 Tilak is a famous Radicals leader
 Tilak declared: "Swaraj is my birthright and I will get it at any cost".
 He started preparing the common people for freedom struggle through Ganesh
Chaturthi and Shivaji Jayanthi
 Tilak utilized his 'Kesari' and 'Maratha' newspapers for spreading awareness
among people
 They opposed the partition of Bengal
 He started home rule movement
 He also leaded the ‘Swadeshi movement’
 He joined hand with Lala-Lajpat Roy and Bipin Chandra pal (Lal-Bal-Pal)
 Sacrifice his life for Indian freedom
5. What are the contributions of revolutionaries in Indian freedom struggle?
 The dreamed of attaining complete independence
 They believe in violent methods
 They established secret associations
 They collect the money and weapon for an armed struggle
 They used bombs and guns to achieve their goal
 They are the fountains of sprit to the freedom struggle
6. Describe the role of Gandhi in the Indian freedom struggle?
 He participated in Champaran and Kheda movement
 He fought for the rights of Ahmedabad mill workers
 He opposed the Rowlett act
 He joined hand with Khilafat Movement
 He condemned the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
 He organized the Non-cooperation movement
 He also organized the Civil disobedience movement
 He led the Quit India movement
 He stressed for upliftment of untouchable
7. Explain the Non-Co-Operation movement
 Boycotted schools, colleges and courts
 Boycotted elections to regional legislative bodies held according to the 1919 act
 Returning all honors and medals given by the British
 Nominated members to the local bodies resigning from their membership
 Boycotted all the government functions
 Chowri-Chowra incident accrued in 1922
 22 police were burnt alive inside the station.
 Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation movement
8. Describe the Salt Satyagraha.
The salt satyagraha is also known as the Dandi march. This movement was started by
Gandhi in 1930, When viceroy lord Irwin refused to fulfill the Gandhi's 11 demands.
Gandhiji travelled from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi on foot with his followers to
produce salt on the seashore of Dandi. By distributing salt to people Gandhiji broke
the British law on salt and started the Civil disobedience movement.
9. Explain the role of Gaidin Liu in Indian freedom struggle.
• Gaidin Liu is a lady freedom fighter from North-East States
• She joined the army of Jadonang to fight against British.
• She joined the Herakka religious movement along with Jadonang.
• In 1931 Jadonang hanged by British
• Gaidin Liu took charge of army
• She fought on lines of Guerilla warfare.
• The entire villagers of north-east co-operated.
• Thousands of people joined her army
• The British arrested her and put them into jail until independence.
10. What were the reasons for the failure of the Quit India Movement?
• On the 8th august 1942 congress started the movement
• Gandhi gave a call to Indians ‘Do or Die’
• In this contest Gandhi, Nehru and all leaders were imprisoned
• There is a lack of leadership to movement
• By utilizing transport and telecommunication British suppressed the movement
• Muslim league did not participate in the struggle
11. Explain the contributions of Subhash Chandra Bose in the independence
struggle of India
The most prominent among the revolutionary fighters of India was Subhash Chandra
Bose.
• He was popularly called as Netaji.
• He participated in the non-co-operation movement along with Gandhiji
• Bose established the Congress Socialist Party in 1934 along with the Nehru
• Bose became the President at the Haripur Session of the Indian National
Congress.
• Netaji left the Congress and established a separate party called ‘Forward
Block’.
• He gained the support of the German dictator Hitler to make India free.
• He became leader to Indian national army.
• Subhash Chandra Bose gave the call "Delhi Chalo!"
• He urged the Indians "Give me blood, I will give you freedom!"
• Subhash had planned a military strategy through Rangoon to capture Delhi
• Subhash died in a plane accident.
• There is a lack of proper directions to movement
12. Explain the major achievements of Nehru as the Prime Minister of India.
 He is the first prime minister of independent India
 He is the architect of industrialization and modern India.
 He successfully brought together all the princely states
 He laid the foundation for Indian democracy
 He fulfilled the task of reorganizing all the states on the basis of language.
 He also introduced the mixed economic system
  He laid the foundation for five-year plans.
 He is the architect of Indian foreign policy
 He advocated the non-Alignment policy
 He introduced the Panchsheel principles
13. What are the contributions of the Dr B.R. Ambedkar?
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar strongly believed that political independence was
meaningless without social independence.
• He carried out a study of the caste system and came up with a plan to eradicate
it.
• He started the 'Mahad' and 'Kala ram' temple movements.
• He attended the three Round Table Conferences and gave valuable
suggestions.
• Ambedkar was a Diwan in the court of the Maharaja of Baroda.
• He established an organization 'Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha'
• He is the founder of parties named 'Swatantra Karmika Party' and 'Republican
Party of India'.
• He published various newspapers like 'Prabuddha Bharata','Janata',
Mukanayaka' and 'Bahishkruta Bharata'.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was unanimously chosen as the Chairman of the drafting
committee of Indian constitution
• He worked towards the progress of agricultural labourers
14. The protests organized by the farmers are important in National freedom struggle.
Explain. (March-2019)
• The farmers are influenced by the Marxist and congress ideologies
• Farmers rebelled against the British planters and Zamindars
• They opposed the Indigo cropping in Champaran
• They also Protest against the land tax
• Gandhiji influenced the activities of Champaran and Kheda
• Farmers of Tebhaga and Malabar opposed the British
• Protest organized by kisan Sabha
• Farmers of Telangana protested against Zamindars and Razack’s
• Farmers of Bengal rose against the zamindars
• Farmers of Maharashtra protested against low wages
16. Explain the various tribal revolts in the Indian freedom struggle.
 The tax and forest policies angered the tribal people
 The Santalas tribe protest the Land tax policies of British.
 They killed many British officers
 The Kola tribal people also protest against the British
 The Munda tribal people also protest against the British
 The Halagali Bedas revolt against the Arms act of British
17. What were the contributions of Muhammad Ali Jinnah?
 Jinnah joined Indian national congress in 1906
 He is the private secretary of Dadabai Nava roji
 He argued in favor of Tilak in the litigations against him
 He joined the home Rule league
 He argued Hindu-Muslim unity
 He also opposed the Rowlett act
 He participated in round table conferences
 18. Explain the partition of India.
 Muhamad Ali Jinnah demand for partition of India
 Muslim league called for the ‘Direct action Day’ on August 16 1946
 Communal clashes took place in the country
 Muslim league did not participate in the formation of constituent assemb
 British were also interest in partition ideas
 Lord Mountbatten held discussions with Gandhi and Jinnah
 Prepare a plan to partition of India through 1947 Indian independence act

CHAPTER-19
INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
I .One-mark questions and answer
1. Who was the last British Governor General in India?
Lord Mountbatten
2. Who was the first Home Minister of India?
Sardar vallabhai Patel
3. Who was the first President of India?
Dr Babu Rajendra Prasad
4. When Pondicherry did became a Union Territory?
In the year 1963
5. When was the state reorganization law implemented?
1956
6. Why Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is called the ‘Iron man of India’? (March-2019)
He brought about a successful integration of provinces
7. Which is the first state formed on the basis of language in India?
Andhra Pradesh
8. Who started the fast-unto-death satyagraha for the formation of Andhra Pradesh?
Potty Sriramulu
9. Who is the chairman of the state reorganization commission?
Justice Fazal Ali
10. Which organization leads the movement for integration of Kannada
speakingareas?
All Karnataka state formation Parishad
11. When was Mysore state formed?
1st November 1956
12. When was Mysore state renamed as ‘Karnataka’?
1st November 1973
13. Who is the First Prime minister of India?
Jawaharlal Nehru
14. Name the main settlement of Tibetan refugees in Karnataka?
Bylakuppe

II Two marks questions and answers

1. How did Hyderabad join the Indian union?
Farmers of Telangana revolt against the Nizam
The people opposed the Razack’s the cruel army of Nizam
Nizam made preparations for war
Indian army defeated the Nizam in Battle
Integration of princely
 2. What were the problems faced in Independent India?
Refugees’ crisis
Communal violence
Formation of government
3. How did the country deal with the problems of refugees?
The country started the refugees camp in West Bengal, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
and Kerala states and provides the shelter, employment, land, education and health care
to refugees
4. How was Pondicherry liberated from the French?
Congress started an agitation
The communist and other organization also urged for the liberation of Pondicherry
Finally, the French government left the Pondicherry.
5. How was Goa liberated from the Portuguese? (June-2020)
Sustained protest
In 1955 Satyagrahis started the liberation movement of Goa
In 1961 Indian army entered and took Goa under its control
6. Describe the process of linguistic organization of states.
In 1953 government formed the Justice Fazal Ali commission
In 1953 committee recommended the creation of Andhra Pradesh
Final report came into force in 1956
14 states and 6 union territories were formed
7. How did Junagadh join the Indian union?
The Nawab of Junagadh interested in joining Pakistan
The people revolt against the Nawab’s decision
Indian army entered the Junagadh
People cast their opinion to join Indian union
8. Which states provide shelter for refugees?
West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Meghalaya
9. How did the government solve the Tibetan refugee problem? (March-2019)
Government sanctioned 3000 acres of Land to Tibetan refugees at Bylakuppe
 CHAPTER-20
WORLD WARS AND INDIA’S ROLE
I. One marks question and answer
1. Name countries of triple alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
2. Name countries of triple Entente?
Britain, France and Russia
3. When did the First World War ended?
1918
4. Who was the Fascist dictator in Italy?
Mussolini
5. When did the Second World War started?
1939
6. Name the Naval base of USA which was attacked by Japan?
Pearl Harbor
7. What was the immediate cause for First World War?
Assassination of Austrian prince Archduke Franz Ferdinand
8. Which is the international agency established after First World War?
League of Nations
9. Hitler appointed the Ministers called “Gobbles” why?
To spread Nazism
10. Who organized the army called ‘brown shirts’ in Germany?
Hitler organized the army called ‘brown shirts’ in Germany
11. What was the immediate cause for Second World War?
Germany’s attack on Poland in 1939 was the immediate cause for Second World War
12. Why did America enter the second world war?
Japan attacked the American Naval Centre at Pearl Harbor because America entered
the Second World War
13. Which was the party established by Hitler?
Nazi party was established by Hitler
14. Where is Tin murti chowk?
Tin murti chowk located in New Delhi.
15. Who lead the Mysore Lancer in first world war?
Regiment Dar B. Chama raj Urs lead the Mysore Lancer in first world war.
II Two marks questions
1. What were the features of fascism?
 intense Nationalism
 destruction of enemies
 glorification of violence
 Racial superiority
 Imperialist expansion
 Support to massacres
2. How did Nazism destroy Germany? Explain
The Nazi ideology seized powers in Germany and causes for many activities. They
are
 Appointment of Gobbles
 Holocaust massacre
 Enacting the Nuremberg laws
  Establishment of concentration camps
 Ambition to win the entire world
 Popularization of Aryan race
3. What were the reasons for First World War?
 Development of extreme nationalism in European countries
 Race of armaments in Europe
 Competition for controlling colonies
 Imperialist expansion tendencies of European countries
 Boundary disputes between European countries
 Assassination of Austrian prince
 Formation of alliances in Europe
4. Explain the treaty of Versailles.
 The Austro-Hungary and ottoman empire lost their existence
 Germany accepted the defeat
 Germany lost most of its geographical area
 Many small independent nations came to being
 The Physical map of Europe underwent changes
 League of Nations came into existence
5. What were the reasons for Second World War?
 Development of extreme nationalism in European countries
 Rise of dictators in Germany and Italy
 Humiliating Versailles treaty
 Formation of military alliance
 Race of armaments in Europe
 Germany’s attack on Poland in 1939

6. What were the results of Second World War?

 Lakhs of people lost their lives
 Loss of property
 U.N.O has been established
 The colonies of Asia Africa won their independence
 Cold war has been started
 Competition for atomic weapons
7. How India supported England in first World war?
 Many princely states supported by military and finance
 Indian nation congress also supported the England
 1.5 million soldiers took part in this war from India
 Mysore Lancers, Jodhpur Lancers and Hyderabad Lancers participated in
thewar.
 Lot of garments raw materials and timbers are supplied
 Manganese, mica, tea and rubbers also exported to England.
8. Name the commandants of Mysore Lancers.
 Regimentdar B Chama raj Urs
 Col J Desiraj Urs
 A.T, Tyagaraj
 Lingaraj Urs and Subbaraj
 Mir Turab Ali
 B.P. Krishne Urs
 6. How did Britain utilize the resources of India during the second world war?
 Indian troops were sent to west Asia, Africa and European countries by British.
 The agrarian products of India sent to England.
 Industrial goods were also sent to England
 The ordinance factories produced the war related goods to England.
 The Indian army defeated the Italians by using small war technique.
 India troops also participated in German war

POLITICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER-21
WORLD CHALLENGES AND INDIA’S ROLE
I. One-mark Questions and answers
1. What is the important change that took place due to the end of the Second World
war?
Imperialism and colonialism ended.
2. When did the General Assembly adopt a declaration on Human Rights?
10th December 1948.
3. What is the declaration of Eison Hoover over the Arms Race?
The World which has arms not only wastes the money, it also wastes the sweat of
labourers, intelligence of scientists and wastes the dreams of the children.
4. What is India's stand on Human Rights?
India has been advocating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from the
beginning.
5. What are Human Rights?
The rights which are essential for an individual's development.
6. What is an Arms Race?
Production of weapons for mass destruction in a competitive way.
7. What does the word ‘Third World’ denote?
The word ‘Third World’ denotes poverty and non-development.

II Two marks questions & answers.

1. What were the main problems faced after the Second World War?
● Denial of human rights
● Armament race
Racism and
● Terrorism.
2. Explain the role played by India in uploading human rights all over the world
● India has always championed the cause of universal human rights.
● It provided for fundamental rights in the Constitution itself and thereby played a
vital role in throwing light on this issue.
● In UN general assembly India always upheld the cause of basic rights of human
beings
● National commission for Human Rights has been established
3. Arms race will lead to world destruction. Explain the effects of arms competition
in this background.
Race of armaments leads to
● Global level fear
● Insecurity
 ● Increasing the production of Arms
● Encouraging the stocking of arms etc.
In this manner we say that the Arms race will lead to world destruction.
4. What are the causes of economic backwardness of nations?
The causes of economic backwardness are
● Shortage of food
● Lack of medical facilities
● Lack of educational amenities etc.
● Colonialism policy of European countries
5. What are the reforms to achieve economic equality in India?
● Expansion of industries
● Equal distribution of income and wealth
● Employment guarantee program.
● Population control.
6. Which events provided more strength to the struggle of human rights?
● The American War of Independence in 1776.
● The French Revolution in 1789.
● The Russian Revolution in 1917.
● The Freedom Struggles of India.
7. What are the features of economically backward countries?
● Lack of technology.
● Agricultural backwardness.
● Lack of education facilities.
● Ill-health.
8. USA and USSR have entered into many bilateral agreements to stop the arms
race. Which are they?
● Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
● Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
● Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NNPT)
9. Which developments tax the poor nations of the world?
● Excess spending.
● Open economy.
● Globalization.
● Unethical trade.
10. Mention the commissions formed to protect the Human Rights in India
 National commission for Human Rights
 National commission for scheduled castes
 National commission for scheduled tribes
 National women’s commission
11. What are the important changes that took place due to the end of Second
World War?
 A new world order emerged
 Establishment of UNO
 Arms race have been started
 Terrorism also started
 Denial of human rights.
 12. Identify the causes that fueled the terrorism?
 Religious fundamentalism
 Separatist ideologies
 Leftist thoughts
 Liberation motives
 Racialism
 Political tactics
13. What are the effects of terrorism?
● It creates psychological pain
● It creates panic and violence
● It creates fear in people
● It can cause large scale deaths
● It can cause loss of property
● It also disturbs international peace
14. What are the measures to curb terrorism?
● Anti-terrorist forces are set up
● Defense forces are pressed to combat terrorism
● Anti-terrorism acts are enacted by parliament
● High alerts in border
● High alerts in public places
● Strict legal action.

CHAPTER-22
WORLD ORGANIZATIONS

I. Three marks questions & answers

1. Name the people who worked to establish the UNO?
The persons responsible for formation of UNO are
a. Winston Churchill of England
b. Joseph Stalin of Russia
c. Franklin D Roosevelt of America
2. Which are the affiliated bodies of UNO?
● General assembly
● Security council
● Economic and social council
● Trusteeship council
● International court of Justice
● Secretariat
3. Explain the functions of the UN Security Council (June-2020)
● Solve global problems peacefully
● Deploys U.N. peace keeping force
● Selects the Judge of International court of justice
● Suggests the nomination of Secretary General
4. What are the functions of the International Labour organization?
● Social security of Labours
● Health security of Labours
● Maternity benefits to women labour
● Welfare of workers
● Recommending minimum wages and housing for workers
5. What are the aims & objectives of the UNO? (March-2019)
The aims and objectives of UNO are
● Safeguarding international peace and security
● Fostering cooperation among nations
● To develop friendly relations among nations
● To establish faith in fundamental human rights
● Exploring solutions to various economic and social problems
● Providing recognition to international agreement and conditions
6. Explain the formation of general assembly
● It is a general body consisting of all members of UNO
● Each country can send 5 members
● Every country has only one vote.
● The General body elects one of its members as the President for a year.
● In its first session they select one president and 17 vice presidents
● It elects members to seven permanent committees
● Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT)
7. What are the activities of economic and social council?
● Solutions to housing problem
● Eradication of refugee problem
● Observance of human rights
● Conducting studies on economic, social, cultural issues
● Organizing conference on human resources, culture and education
● Coordinating the functions of ILO, FAO and WHO
8. The “UNO has a major role in establishing peace in the world” substantiate this
statement
● Peacekeeping operations
● Solutions to disputes like Suez Canal and Iran crises
● Solutions to issues of Kashmir, Korea and Palestine
● Achieving disarmament
● Solutions to ending of cold war
● Solving the crises of Congo, Cyprus and Afghanistan
9. What are the functions of UNESCO?
● Promotion of science
● Protecting world heritage
● Promotion of education and culture
● Development of technical education
● Promotion of technical education
● Supporting governmental and non-governmental organizations to spread
education
10. Explain the role of IMF in solving the economic problems of the world.
● It provides loans to members
● It also aims to bring sound balance of payments situations
● It also grants long term loans
 ● Developing economic stability in members countries
● Solving international economic crises
● Promoting world trade
11. List out the objectives of Commonwealth of nations.
● Upholding of democracy
● Assisting to eradicate poverty
● Promotion of sports, science, culture
● Liable to world organization
● Poverty eradication
● Securing world peace
12. Write about European union.
● It is a union of 27 European countries
● It was established in 1992 according to the Maastricht treaty
● It implements a common single market,
● It implements a single currency,
● Implementing common agriculture and trade policy
● Developing international peace and democracy
13. Which are the permanent member countries of the Security Council? What
are their functions
Permanent member countries: - USA, Russia, France, Britain & China.
Functions of Security Council
● To maintain peace and order.
● Selects the Judge of the International Court.
14. Which are the member nations of ASEAN? What are the aims of ASEAN?
Member nations of ASEAN: - Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and
Thailand.
Aims of ASEAN
● Foster mutual trade.
● Fostering cooperation.
● Aiding social and economic ties.
● Achieving progress in cultural, technological, scientific and
administrative fields.
15. Write a note the achievements of World Health Organization
● Improving health.
● Eradicate diseases like plague, cholera, Malaria and Smallpox.
● Working towards freeing the world from AIDS, Cancer etc.
● Fighting against population growth.
● Fighting against hunger & malnutrition.
II. One-mark questions & answers.
1. Which is the organization established after the 1 st world war to prevent
future wars?
League of Nations.
2. Who were the founders of UNO?
Winston Churchill of the UK, Joseph Stalin of the USSR and F D Roosevelt of the
USA.
3. Where is the headquarters of UNO located?
New York.
4. When was the UNO established?
24th October 1945.
5. Which organ of UNO is called the “Global parliament”?
General Assembly.
 6. Why are the greeting cards sold by UNICEF?
To generate funds to fund its various functions.
7. Which organ is called the cabinet of UNO? (March-2019)
Security Council
8. Which organ is called the Parliament of UNO?
General Assembly
9. Which policy is a hurdle in the progress of SAARC?
The policy that ‘all decisions need to be taken unanimously’
10. Which are the permanent members of the UNO Security Council?
USA, England, France, Russia, China
11. Expand the word SAARC
South Asian association for regional cooperation
12. When did UNO established?
UNO was founded in the year 24th October 1945
13. Where is the headquarters of the international court of Justice located?
International court of Justice is located in Hague
14. Who is the present secretary general of UNO?
The present secretary general of UNO is Antonio Guterres
15. When did the World health organization established?
The World health organization was founded in the year 1948
16. When was SAARC founded?
SAARC was founded in the year 1985
17. Which rule is the reason for handicap of SAARC?
The ‘Unanimity’ rule which means the acceptance of all the member states for any
decision proved to be a handicap of SAARC.
18. What is the main determination of Organization of African Unity?
“To fight against neo-colonialism in all its forms”

SOCIOLOGY
CHAPTER-23
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND PROTESTS

I. One-mark questions & answers

1. What do you mean by Social Movement?
A Social Movement is social platform that enables people to showcase their needs
and visions.
2. What is a Mob?
Assembly of people around a common interest without any expectation is called
Mob.
3. What do mean by environment pollution?
the soil, air, water and biosphere getting populated with toxin and chemicals is
called environment pollution.
4. What is the meaning of Movement?
When collective behavior is organized and directed towards a specific goal to bring
about social change, it is called
5. What is the meaning of Riots?
Violent and destructive nature of mob behavior is called Riots
 6. Why was the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha formed in 1930?
Thousands of tribal people were displaced due to mining activities.
7. Why did the Narmada Bachavo Andolana begin?
The construction of dam would affect the sensitive ecological balance of the river Narmada
8. What is the meaning of “Collective Behavior”?
The behavior of human being in group is called ‘collective Behavior’.
9. List out the behavioral patterns of human beings.
Mobs. Rumours. Propaganda. Public opinion. Revolution. Social Movements.
10. There is a lot of protest against the Silent Valley project. Why?
The building of the dam threatened the sensitive ecological balance of the silent valley.
11. People of Mangalore opposed the Mangalore Refineries and Petro Chemical
Limited. Why?
These industries discharged harmful chemicals into the sea threatening the local
environment.
12. Who is the leader of the Narmada Bachao Movement?
Medha Patkar.
13. What are self-help groups?
Self-help group is derived from self-awareness, self-motivation, and mutual trust to fulfill
the economic and social necessities by their own efforts and cooperation
14. Who is the leader of the Chipko movement?
Sundar Lal Bahuguna and Chand prasad Bhatt were the leaders of Chipko Movement.

II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What is a mob? Give an example?
The assembly of people around a common interest without any expectation or
planning is called Mob
Example- a group of people assembled near a theatre to buy a ticket
2. Describe the nature of mob?
 It is temporary assembly of people
 The people assemble at specific place
 They easily influenced by mutual feeling and opinion
 They also display the suppressed feeling
 Sometime mob leads violent form.
3. Describe the nature of Riots?
 Riots don’t have any particular aim
 They destroy everything in their way.
 They create chaos
 Riots can cause large scale loss of property and lives
 They become serious challenges for law and order
4. What were the causes for Riots?
 Provoking circumstances
 Individual uncontrolled behavior
 Uncivilized behavior
 Criminal intent of people.
 Riotous mindset
 5. What were causes for environmental pollution?
 Unbridled growth of cities
 Proliferation of industries
 Technological progress
 Expansion of transport system
 Destroying forest
6. Explain the meaning and nature of environmental movements?
The protest aimed at preserving the biological system regarding our Earth is known as
Environmental movements
Nature of environment movement
● Protecting the forest
● Protecting the wild life
● Protecting the life of Tribal people
● Protecting our Earth planet
7. There was a Movement opposing the Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant. Why?
● Vast deforestation takes place.
● The threat of pollution from nuclear radiation.
● Threaten the Numerous species in the ecosystem.
8. Mob violence and anti-social activity. Why? (March-2019)
● It destroys public property
● It creates confusion
● Spreads rumors
● Results in major deaths
9. Explain the Chipko Movement.
● The government had issued a license to cut 2500 trees.
● People of Reni village opposed this.
● The women decided to hug the trees in order to protect them so that the
environment remains protected.
● Due to the Chipko movement, the permission given to cut the trees was
withdrawn
10. Explain the importance of women’s self-help groups.
• It empowers women socially
• It empowers women financially.
• It provides micro finance in major way.
• It helps women to face atrocities
• It provides democratic rights
• It helps women to learn collective responsibility

CHAPTER-23
SOCIAL CHALLENGES

I. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Article 24th of the constitution prohibits employing children for work
2. The “prohibition of child labour act” came into practice is in the year1986
3. The national policy on welfare of child labour was formed in1987
4. The prohibition of dowry act first came into effect in
5. Child marriage prohibition act came into force in 2006
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Mention any two social challenges plaguing India
Child marriage
Child labour
2. Who is child labour?
The children those who are aged below 14 years and work in order to earn money are
known as child labour
3. What is female feticide? (June-2020)
Killing a girl baby to be born womb itself by parents is known as female feticide
4. What is child marriage?
The marriage take place between a boy of below 21 years and a girl who is below 18
years is known as child marriage
5. Name the program which brings child Labours to school in Karnataka?
From drudgery to school
6. Why did ‘Pre Conception and pre-Natal Diagnostic techniques act’ was enacted?
To stop sex determination tests of fetus through modern technology ‘Pre Conception
and pre-Natal Diagnostic techniques act’ was enacted (PCPNDT-1994)
7. When did India signed for child right convention of UN?
1992
III ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Mention the causes for problems of child labour?
 Poverty
 Domestic conflicts
 Divorce
 Illiteracy
 Kidnapping of children
 Excessive control
2. Explain the measures for eradicating the problem of child labour
 Article 24 of our constitution prohibits child labour
 National child labour project
 Right to education act of 2009
 Program like “From drudgery to school”
 Implementation of ‘The child labour prohibition act of 1986
 Establishing balamandirs
3. What are the consequences of child labour?
 It is a serious lacuna in social system
 Children harassed physically and mentally
 Their innocence has been snatched
 Lac of medical facilities
 Lack of nutritious food
 Forced employment
4. What are the effects of child marriage?
 The holistic development of child stunned
 The children loss power of questioning
 Maternal mortalities are increased
 Sexual assaults increased
 Girl become widow at a young age
 The children socialization also stunned
 5. What are the reasons for Child Marriage?
 Gender discrimination.
 Poverty.
 Lack of education.
 Lack of proper implementation of law
 Dowry.
6. How can we prevent child marriage?
 Appointment of child marriage prevention officers
 Implementation of children marriage prohibition act
 100% attendance in schools
 Compulsory registration of Births
 Importance to girl’s education.
 Child marriage should always question, reported and opposed.
7. List out the types of harassment faced by women
 Rape
 Violence
 Suppression
 Dowry
 Physical and mental harassment
 Forced abortions
 Use of vulgar language
8. Explain the effects of Dowry?
 It diminishes self- respect of women.
 It leads to domestic conflicts.
 Animosity between men and women.
 Family relationship suffer
 Immorality and violence increase.
 Financial constraints to brides’ family
9. What are the remedies to eradicate dowry?
 Prohibition of dowry act of 1961
 Public awareness
 Inter-caste marriages.
 Mass media
 Voluntary organization
 Women associations.
10. What are the ill effects of female feticide?
 Degradation of women
 Immorality develops in society
 It increases the sexual harassment in society
 Imbalance gender ratio.
 GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER-25 INDIA LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE
I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. What do you mean by intensive farming?
Growing two or more crop on the same plot in a year is called intensive farming
2. What do you mean by subsistence farming?
Farmers growing crops for their own use is called subsistence farming
3. What do you mean by Sedentary farming?
Farmer settled in a place and growing crops is called sedentary farming
4. What do you mean by shifting cultivation?
Without settling in a place farmer moves from one place to another place for
cultivation is known as shifting cultivation
5. What do you mean by commercial farming?
Agriculture practiced for commercial purpose is called commercial farming
6. What do you mean by mixed farming?
Mixed farming is raising of crops and cattle rearing, poultry, bee-keeping, pig-rearing,
sericulture and aquaculture in one holding
7. What do you mean by plantation farming?
It refers to cultivation of single crop over a large area
8. What do you mean by Kharif crops?
The crop grown during south-west monsoon season are called Kharif crops
9. What do you mean by Rabi crops?
The crop grown during north-west monsoon season are called Rabi crops
10. What do you mean by Zade farming?
During the period between kharif and rabi crops, crops are cultivated. This is called
Zade farming
11. Which is the main crop of the Rabi crops season?
Wheat is the main crop of Rabi crops season
12. Which country has the largest paddy growing area in the world?
India
13. Which is the largest Paddy-producing state in India?
West Bengal
14. Which crop required stagnation of water till harvest?
Paddy
15. Which state is known as ‘granary of wheat’ in India?
Punjab state
16. Which country is the origin place of Sugarcane?
India
17. Which country is the largest producer of Tea in the World?
India
18. What do you mean by Floriculture?
Floriculture refers to the productions of flowers for marketing
19. What is Horticulture?
The intensive cultivation of fruit, vegetables, flower, medicinal and aromatic plants is
called Horticulture
20. Name the land that is not used for cultivation?
Follow land
21. What is the total forest area in India?
22.8% area of the total area.
 22. Which is the main Kharif crop of India?
Rice
23. Which country has the largest cotton field in the world?
India
24. Which is the largest producer of tea in the world?
India
25. What is “Golden Revolution”?
The rapid progress in horticulture is called as Golden revolution,

II. Answer the following questions

1. What is meant by Land use pattern?
Utilizing the land for a variety of purposes like cultivation, forestry and pastures is
known as Land use
2. What is plantation farming? Give examples
It refers to the cultivation of single crop on large estates for market
Example: Tea, Coffee and Rubber.
3. Distinguish between Kharif and Rabi crop season.
Kharif season Rabi season
● The crop grown in rainy ● The crop grown in winter season
season ● The sowing takes place in
● The sowing take place in October-November
June-July ● Crops harvested in Feb-March
● Crop harvested in September ● Wheat, Barley, Gram are the
● Paddy, Ragi, cotton are main main crops
crops

4. What is Agriculture?
Agriculture has been described as the ‘art of cultivating the land’. It is tilling the land,
protecting the plants and growing crops for the benefit of people and cattle
5. What are the conditions required for Sugar cultivation?
● It is annual crop
● 210 to 260 c of temperature
● 100 to 150 CMS annual rainfall
● It needs Loamy and black soil
● Irrigation also required.
6. What are the beverage crops? give examples
The crops which are used to produce stimulating drinks are called ‘beverage crops’
Example: - Tea and coffee
7. Explain the role of Horticulture in India
● It makes agriculture more profitable
● The efficient use of land
● Optimum utilization of natural resources
● Generating skilled employment for the rural mass
● It provides nutritional security
● To earn foreign exchange
 8. What are the types of agriculture?
 Subsistence farming,
 Sedentary farming
 Shifting cultivation
 Intensive Farming,
 Commercial Farming,
 Mixed Farming,
 Plantation Farming,
9. Mention the Classification of land use.
● Net area sown
● Forest land
● Land use for non- agriculture purpose
● Fallow Land
● Grassland
● Other uncultivated land
10. Explain the impotence of agriculture in India. (June-2020)
● Nearly 65 percent of the people depend on agriculture.
● The economic progress of the country depends on the progress of agriculture.
● Agriculture in India is the main source of livelihood.
● It is the main source of food for the people and fodder for domestic animals.
● Agriculture supports tertiary sector
● It supports industries
● It helps to increase in National Income
11. What are the conditions required for paddy Cultivations?
● It is Primarily tropical crop, it requires high temperature of 250 c
● Heavy rainfall of 100-200cm per year.
● Alluvial, and clayey soils are best suited for cultivation.
● Paddy crop needs standing water and level land.
● Irrigation is necessary wherever rainfall is low
12. What are the conditions required for Wheat cultivations?
● It is a crop of temperate regions.
● It required a moderate temperature of 100-150 c
● Annual rainfall of 50 to 70 cm.
● Sand mixed clay and black soils are best suited for wheat cultivation.
13. What are the conditions required for Tea cultivations?
● It is a perennial crop.
● It is a tropical and sub-tropical crop.
● It requires a temperature of 210c
● It requires rainfall of 100-200 cm in a year
● It grows best in fertile soil, rich in humus.
● It requires hilly slopes with an altitude of 1200 to 2400 mts above sea level.
14. What are the beverage crops? Give examples.
● The crops which are used to produce stimulating drinks are called ‘beverage
crops.
● Coffee and tea are the most important beverage crops of India.
15. What are the factors essential for growing Cotton?
● Cotton is a tropical and sub-tropical crop.
● It requires 200 to 250 c temperature.
● Rainfall of 75-150cm in a year.
● Black cotton soil is the best suitable for cotton cultivation.
● It is grown as a Kharif crop.
 16. How has agriculture helped in the development of secondary and
tertiarysectors? (March-2019)
● It supports tertiary sectors like trade, transport, banking and insurance
● It supports industries like cotton, jute, sugar industries
● It provides market for both sectors.
17.Prepare a list of flowers growing around
you.
 Jasmine
 Champa
 Marigold
 Kanakambara
 Rose
 Lilly
 Lotus
 Orchids

CHAPTER 26
INDIA'S MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Which is India's most important Ferro - alloy metal?
Manganese
2. Aluminum is known as wonder metal of 20th century? Why?
Aluminum used in various types since it is called as wonder metal of 20th century.
3. What is a mineral?
A compound of naturally available substance with specific chemical composition is called
Mineral.
4. Which is the main raw material used in the manufacture of aluminum?
Bauxite
5. Which is the important non-ferrous metal of India?
Mica
6. Where did biggest oil deposit was found in India?
Bombay High
7. How petroleum was formed?
Petroleum was formed by fossils of ancient living beings.
8. Which country has the largest deposit of mica in the world?
India
8. Recently mica export has reduced in India, why?
Because of the availability of substitute for mica, its export has reduced
9. Why did petroleum is known has “liquid Gold”?
Petroleum is precious fuel in both peace and war time; hence it is known has liquid Gold
10. Where did Petroleum was discovered first time in India?
Digboi at Assam
11. Which are the main states that produce manganese in India?
Odisha, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
12. The largest producer of Mica.
Andhra Pradesh
13. How does Coal Formed?
The vegetative matter which was buried in the past ages has changed into coal, due to high
temperature and pressure.
14. Which place is the largest producer of gold in the country?
Hatti is the largest producer of gold in the country.
15. Coal is called as “Black Diamond” Justify the statement.
Coal is used in the production of power, explosives, insect repellants, fiber, rubber,
fertilizer and many more, hence it is called has “Black Diamond”.
16. Name the mineral which is used as catalyst or moderator in reactors producing
nuclear energy.
Beryllium oxide

II. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.

1. Where was iron are deposits found in Karnataka?
Sandur, Hosapete, Kudremukh and Kemmannu gundi.
2. List out minerals used in the production of atomic energy?
 Uranium
 Thorium
 Beryllium
 Lithium
3. Which mineral is used as catalyst or moderator in reactors producing nuclear
energy?
Beryllium oxide
4. What are the important characteristics of the Mica?
 Transparent
 Heat resistant
 Insulation and
 Elasticity.
5. What are the uses of Mica?
 Used in electrical Industry
 Telephone, Aero planes
 Automobiles and wireless communications
 Artificial rubber
6. Which are the conventional power resources?
Coal, petroleum and atomic energy.
7. Which are the non-conventional power resources?
Solar, wind, tidal, geo-thermal power, bio-gas etc.
8. What are the main uses of Manganese are?
 It is an alloy metal
 Steel manufacturing
 Manufacturing of chemicals
 Production of electric equipment
 Production of colored glass.
9.What are the main ways of use of solar energy?
 Water heater
 Cooker
 Solar thermal electric bulb
 ailway signal.
 Communication media.
10. Name the major states producing bauxite in India.
Odisha, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu and Madhya
Pradesh.
 11. Explain the meaning and importance of Power Resources in India.
 The Resources necessary for the generation of energy is called Power Resources
 Essential for Economic development
 Improving the standard of living of the people
 they play major role in the development of agriculture, industry, commerce,
transport and communications etc.
12. What is Global warming?
The temperature of earth’s atmosphere is increased due to the over use of conventional
energy resources. These phenomena are noticed as ‘Global warming’.
13. Mention types of Mica ore
 Muscovite
 Biotite
 Phlugovite
 Lepidotite
14. What is solar energy?
Use of the heat emanating from the sun’s rays is called solar energy.
15. Which place is proposed to set up a solar electric production in India?
Baramar in Rajasthan
16. Which are the mineral resources available in India?
 Iron Ore.
 Manganese,
 Bauxite,
 Mica
17. Give your suggestion over come from energy deficit.
 Use of non-conventional resources
 Giving importance to hydro-electric power generation
 Use of alternate local energy resources
 Educating people
 Producing energy from solid waste
18. Which place is proposed to set up a solar electric production in Karnataka?
Chikkaballapur.
19. Where do we find iron ore mines in Karnataka?
 Kemannugundi
 Hospet
 Sandur
 Kudremukh
20. List out the main types of Manganese ore?
 Pyrolusite
 Psilomelane
 Magnetite
 Branite.
 Holyandite.
21. List out the renewable energy resources.
 Solar energy.
 Wind energy.
 Tidal energy.
 Geo thermal energy.
 Bio-Gas.
 CHAPTER-27
INDIA-TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

I.Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Which is the Authority for the construction and maintenance of National
Highways?
National Highway Authority of India
2. Which port is called the 'Gateway of India'?
Mumbai
3. What is the name given to Bangalore International Airport?
Kempe Gowda International Airport
4. Which is the Authority for the construction and maintenance of border roads?
Border Roads Development Authority
5. Which is the important port in Karnataka'?
New Mangalore Port
6. Which is longest National highway of India?
Varanasi-Kanyakumari National high way (NH-7) is the longest highway in India.
7. Which is the highest road of the world?
The highway connecting Kulu-Manali and Leh
8. When did National Highway Authority of India was established?
1989
9. Name the national highway between Mumbai and Bangalore?
National highway -48
10. Name the regional and independent GPS system of India?
Navik is the regional and independent GPS system of India

II. Answer the following questions:

1. Define Transport and Communication
Transport: means movement of goods service and passengers from one place to
another place
Communication: Movement of messages from one person to another or from one
place to another place is called communication
2. Explain Golden Quadrilateral and super highways
Golden Quadrilateral Highway
It is a project with four to six lane roads
It was started in 1999
This Highway network connect major cities as well as cultural and
industrial centers of the country
The Super highways
● North-South Corridor: Srinagar to Kanyakumari
● East-West corridor: Silchar in Assam to Porbandar in Gujarat
● These Roads connect many important cities and industrial centers
3. Mention the different types of Communications in India
● Postal service
● Telecommunication
● Radio and television
● News paper
● Internet and e-mail.
● Computer network
4. Make a list of major ports in India
Western ports Eastern Ports
● Kandla ● Tuticorin
● Mumbai ● Chennai
● Nhava Sheva ● Visakhapatnam
● Marmagoa ● Paradeep
● New Mangalore ● Kolkata
● Kochi ● Haldia

5. Explain briefly the importance of Road Transport in India.

● For the development of agriculture and village industries, roads are essential,
● They are very convenient to connect isolated villages.
● Roads can be constructed in forests and hilly regions.
● They connect remote places with towns and cities,
● They provide Door to Door service.
6. Mention important International Airports of India.
● Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi
● Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai
● Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata
● Anna International Airport, Chennai
● Kempe Gowda International Airport, Bangalore
● Rajeev Gandhi international airport. Hyderabad.
7. What is the importance of communication?
 It helps in quick transmission and discrimination of ideas, information and
messages from person to person and place to place.
 People can aware the policies of government.
 It enables us to know about natural hazards and disasters, weather forecasting
etc.
 It helps in the progress of trade, industry, agriculture etc.
 It provides entertainment, day to day information of the world.
8. What is the importance of transport and communication? (June-2020)
● Agricultural progress
● Industrial progress
● Widen the market
● Increases the internal / external trade
● Provides employment
● Helps defense of country
9. Explain the problems of road transport in India.
 Village roads are unfit for the transportation during the rainy season.
 The transport causes the environmental pollution
 It leads to increase the density of vehicles and accidents.
 Roads are subjected to severe wear and tear due to rain, floods and cyclones
every year
 Construction and maintenance of national and state highways is in adequate.
 Scarcity of basic needs along the roadside.
 10. What is Geographical information system (GIS)? What are its uses?
The system which can collect the information, accumulate and modify and enable use
when required and show the data of earth surface is called Geographical information
system (GIS).
Uses: - The GIS maps are more attractive and give accurate information.
Geographical, social and economic information can be easily analyzed and models can
be constructed.
It gives advance information regarding weather.
Maps can be created very fast without cartographer.
Maps can be created in very short time and also enables modification
11. What is Global positioning system (GPS)/Path finder? Mention its uses?
The system which indicates the location of a stationary or moving object or person
through pointing out the latitude longitude and height above the sea level is known as
Global positioning system (GPS)/Path finder.
Uses
 It is useful in assessing the geographical position
 It is useful in the time of natural hazards for safety measures
 It is useful for trekkers to know the exact routes and location.
 Soldiers, pilots, fishermen and sailors use GPS to follow correct path and
direction.
 It is also useful to transport authority to manage the movement,
 GPS is the lifeline for many services at their in the cities.
 GPS shows path to google maps.
12. What is Remote Sensing Technology? What are its uses?
The system which gets information without physically touching the objects is called as
Remote Sensing Technology.
 The information from this system is true, accurate and reliable.
 This is fast and low-cost system compared to geographical survey.
 The information can be easily analyzed using computers.
 It is useful to provide remedies in the time of natural calamities.
 We can easily study the cyclones, typhoons, storms and floods through remote
sensing pictures
 We also analyze the natural resources like land use, forest area, water bodies,
residential areas, land erosion and coast.

CHAPTER-28
INDIA MAJOR INDUSTRIES

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Where is Bengal iron company located?
Kulti in West Bengal
2. Which is the main raw material of the aluminum industry?
Bauxite
3. Name the forest base industry?
Paper industry
4. Where is the first modern paper mill set up?
Serampur on the bank of Hoogly river
5. Which is known as 'Manchester of India' or 'Cottonopolis of India'?
Mumbai
6. Name the Silicon Valley of India.
Bangalore
7. Why do the construction companies provide more demand for aluminum? (March-
2019)
● It has multipurpose use
● Used as a substitute for steel and copper in construction
8. Which industries manufactures cloth from various kinds of fibers?
Textiles industries.
9. Which is the main raw material used in Sugar industries?
Sugarcane
II.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What do mean by manufacturing industries? Mention their factors of location
The conversion of raw materials into usable products is known as manufacturing
industries
The factors of the location of industries
● Availability of raw material Availability of energy resource
● Availability of Labours
● Good transport facility
● Good market facility
● Technology and government policies
● Land Availability at low cost
● Port facility
2. List out the major industrial regions of India
● Hooghly region
● Mumbai-Pune region
● Ahmedabad-Vadodara region
● Damodar valley region
● Southern industrial region
● National capital region
● Visakhapatnam-Guntur region
● Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region.
3. Describe the distribution of the Cotton textile industry in India?
● It is widely distributed over 76 town and cities
● It is concentrated mainly in Cotton growing areas
● It is located in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
● It is also located in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana
● Mumbai is known as ‘Manchester of India’ and ‘Cottonopolis of India’
4. Write the importance of knowledge-based industry in India
● It is a powerful tool of socio-economic change
● It providing jobs
● It develops the foreign trade
● Improvement in exports
● Earning large amount of foreign exchange
● It uses the intellectual capabilities of human resources
5. Which are the main Iron and steel industries of India?
● Tata iron and steel plant – Jamshedpur Jharkhand
● Indian iron and steel company – Burnpur of West Bengal
● Vishweshwaraiah iron and steel company – Bhadravathi of Karnataka
 ● Iron and steel company – Bhilai. Chhattisgarh
● Iron and steel company – Rourkela. Odisha
● Iron and steel company– Durgapur. West Bengal
● Iron and steel company – Bokaro. Jharkhand
● Iron and steel company – Salem. Tamil Nadu
● Iron and steel company– Visakhapatnam. Andhra Pradesh
6. Sugar industries are located in the Gangetic region. Why?
Sugar industries are located on the Gangetic region because
● This is a high yield area of Sugarcane
● Labours available at low cost
● Good transport facility
● Good market facility
● Technology and government policies
● Availability of energy resource
7. Explain how industries help in the economic development of a country?
(March-n2019)
● It reduces the reliance on primary product
● It reduces imported goods
● It increases national income
● It increases per capita income
● Earns foreign exchange
● Creates job opportunities
● Increases G.D.P
8. What are the effects of biotechnology on agriculture?
 Grafting in plants and animals
 Innovation of new seeds
 Improvement in new medicine
 Innovation of organic fertilizers.
 Hybrid seeds in soya, maize and cotton was discovered.
 Plant biotechnology, medical biotechnology and environment biotechnology is
started
12. What are the changes that resulting from the use of advance technology?
 Modernization in telephones
 Development in internet communication.
 Progress in defense department
 Innovation of modern weapons and nuclear bombs
 Progress in satellite launching
 Lunar projects like Chandrayan are started.
 Transparent in administration

CHAPTER-29
INDIA-NATURAL DISASTERS
I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. Which is the most destructive atmospheric disaster?
Cyclone
2. Which Indian coast is the most Cyclone-affected area?
East coast
3. In Which geographical area the earthquakes are rarely found in India?
The peninsular zone
4. What is a tsunami?
Tsunamis are large waves generated by earthquakes.
5. What are Natural Disasters?
The natural hazards which create widespread destruction is known as naturaldisasters
6. What are floods?
Floods refer to the inundation of land by river water.
7. What is a Cyclone?
In a cyclone the wind blows spirally inwards towards the center of low pressure.
II. Answer the following questions.
1. What are natural disasters? Give examples
Naturally-occurring destructive incidents resulting in loss of human life and property
are called natural disasters
Examples: - Cyclones, Floods, Landslides, Coastal erosion and Earthquakes
2. What are floods? Mention the natural causes of floods.
Floods refers to inundation of land by river water. The natural causes are
● Heavy rainfall
● Melting of snow
● Tropical cyclones
● Cloud burst
● Blockage of free flow river water
● Accumulation of silt in rivers
3. What are the effects of floods?
● Floods causes loss of life and property
● Damage to crops, vegetation
● Breakdown of communication and power system
● Dislocation of transport system.
● Soil erosion
● Disruption of essential services.
4. How do we control the flood?
● Afforestation in the catchment area
● Construction of dams across the rivers
● It reduces the volume of water and helps to provide water for irrigation etc.
● Construction of embankments for protection against inundation of the inhabited
areas and agricultural land.
● Flood forecasting and early warnings. This is essential for taking timely action
to prevent loss of human life, livestock and property.
5. What are cyclones? Mention their major effects
The wind blows spirally inwards towards the center of low pressure is called as
Cyclones
The effects of cyclones are
● It causes large scale deaths
● Crops get totally destroyed
● Transports links affected badly
● Electricity supply affected badly
● Ocean tides inundate the inland water bodies and make them salty
● Damage to buildings
 6. What are the Preventive Measures of Cyclones?
● Cyclones are a natural phenomenon. We cannot prevent them.
● But people can pay heed to the warnings.
● They should keep in touch with radio, television and other communicative lines.
● Temporary shelters should be provided during cyclones.
● Cyclone proof structure can be constructed.
● Mangrove forests and other deep-rooted trees can be grown along the coastline
to check the impact of cyclonic winds and the soil erosion.
7. Explain the natural and human reasons for landslides. (March-2019)
Reasons:
Natural forces: Undercutting of the slope as in sea wave, erosion of a sea cliff,
Earthquakes and heavy rainfall.
Human forces: Deforestation, Construction of roads, railway lines, dams and
reservoirs, hydel power projects, mining, quarrying etc.
8. What are the effects of landslide?
● Burying of human settlements and vegetation,
● Loss of life and property etc.
● Loss of life
● Blocking roads
● Blocking railways
9. Write about causes and distribution of coastal erosion
● Monsoon winds: Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, Maharashtra
● Tropical cyclones: Tamil Nādu, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha
● Tsunamis: Andaman-Nicobar Islands, east coastline
10.What is coastal erosion? How can we manage coastal erosion?
The erosion of the land by sea waves in the coastal area is known as coastal erosion
Management of coastal erosion including
● Prohibiting sand mining
● Construction of retention walls across coast
● Stocking of large rocky boulders along the coast
● Growing of Mangrove trees along the coast
● Construction of sea walls
11 What are the reasons for earthquakes?
● Plate movements
● Volcanic eruption
● Faulting and folding
● Landslides
● Collapse of underground cave roofs
● Hydrostatic pressure of manmade water bodies like reservoirs

12 Write the effects of earthquakes?

● It causes large scale deaths
● Crops get totally destroyed
● Transports links affected badly
● Electricity supply affected badly
● Spread of infectious diseases
● Damage to buildings
 13 Mention the precautionary measures to be taken to reduce the effects of
earthquakes? (June-2020)
● Restricting construction of multi-storied buildings
● Restricting construction of large Dams
● Restricting underground mining
● Restricting urban growth
● Stop deforestation
● Stop heavy quarrying activities

ECONOMICS
CHAPTER – 30
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
I. Answer the following questions.
1. Explain the meaning of rural development?
Rural development is improvement of the social and economic status of the rural by
proper utilization of the locally available natural and human resources.
2. What is meant by Decentralization?
Providing administrative power and responsibility in the development process of
villages.
3. Name the three levels of Panchayat Raj institutions
● Grama panchayat
● Taluk panchayat
● Zilla panchayat
4. Mention any two housing programs
Indira Awas Yojana, Ambedkar- Valmiki housing programs
5. Which work of women is not considered Labour?
Home service
6. Who said that development of its villages is the true development of
India?
Mahatma Gandhi.
7. Gandhiji said that development of its villages is the true development of India.
Why?
● India is a land of villages.
● About 68.84% of the population lived in villages.
8. What do you mean by ‘Rural Development’?
A process of economic and social improvement of rural areas.
9. Which act established a uniform system of Panchayat Raj institutions in India?
(March-2019)
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act- 1993
II. Answer the following questions.
1. How is the economic situation in the rural areas of India?
● Poverty has increased
● Dependency on agriculture
● Most of the people are illiterate
● Lower per capita income
● Unemployment
● Social backwardness
2. Explain briefly the significance of rural development.
The significance of rural development as follows
● To eradicate poverty,
● To eradicate unemployment and illiteracy
● To facilitate education and health
● To bring development in agriculture
● To provide facilities like irrigation,
● To provide transport and market yards
3. Explain Gandhi's concept of ‘Grama swarajya’ in the light of decentralization
● To develop self-reliant, self-sufficient, and prosperity
● To stop all kinds of exploitation
● To uphold human dignity and independence
● All round development of rural sector
● To provide social security
● To develop agriculture
4. What is the role of Panchayati raj institution in rural development?
● It can facilitate the drinking water, roads,
● It facilitates drains, hospitals, schools to rural areas
● They promote development of human resource by encouraging education,
technical and vocational training,
● Expansion of health and hygiene
● It provides employment by nurturing rural productive activities like fishery,
bee keeping, poultry
● Development of agriculture
5. What are the key features of the Panchayat Raj system in India?
● Three tier structure of Panchayats
● Direct / periodic elections
● Reservation
● Provision of financial, administrative, budget, audit responsibilities
● Provision for executive / support staff
● Strict procedure for distribution and formation of Panchayats
6. List out the areas of working in outside managed by women.
 Farmer
 Officer
 Businesswomen
  Lawmaker
 Teacher
 Pilot
 Doctor
7. Which are the areas of majority women are working in India?
 Farming
 Cattle-rearing
 Fisheries silkworm rearing
 Horticulture.
 Floriculture.
 Poultry.
8. Explain the importance of women’s self-help groups.
 It empowers women socially
 It empowers women financially.
 It provides micro finance in major way.
 It helps women to face atrocities
 It provides democratic rights
 It helps women to learn collective responsibility.

CHAPTER-31
PUBLIC FINANCE AND BUDGET

I. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. The government manages the public finance through Fiscal policy
2. When Government revenue is more than its expenditure. it is called as Surplus
budget
3. The person who presents the central government budget in Lok Sabha is Finance
minister
4. The revenue generated by the government through internal and external loans is Capital
receipts.
II ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What do you mean by public finance?
Public finance is the subject which studies the Income, expenditure and debt-
management of government.
2. What do you mean by budget?
The statement of estimated income and expenditure of a year prepared by the
government is called budget
3. Give the meaning of deficit budget?
It is situation that government expenditure is more than its income is called as deficit
budget
4. What are direct taxes?
When the tax is paid by an individual on whom it is levied. This is known as direct tax
5. Express the fiscal deficit in the form of a formula?
Fiscal deficit = revenue receipts + non debt capital receipts –total expenditure
 6. What types of taxes are imposed by the government?
● Direct taxes
● Indirect taxes
7. What is public expenditure?
The government spends money for defence, administration, economic development
and welfare of people is known as public expenditure
8. What are indirect taxes?
If the burden of tax imposed by the government is transferable to others is called
indirect tax
9. What are revenue receipts?
The income generated by the government through tax and non-tax sources is called
revenue receipts
10. What is public revenue?
The government collects income from various sources to meet its expenditure is
called public revenue
11. Give the meaning of non-tax revenue?
Apart from taxes the government generates revenue from other sources is known as
non-tax revenue
12. What is fiscal policy?
The policy adopted by the government related to its income, expenditure and debt
periodically is known as fiscal policy
13. What is deficit financing?
When the government expenditure is more than its revenue is known as deficit
financing.

III ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. Explain briefly the significance of public finance
● The government formulates methods to equitably distribute the country’s wealth
● It also calculates the labour and capital investment to maximise the
production
● It also ensures a balanced growth in all spheres of the economy
● To eradicate the poverty and unemployment
● To regulate the financial upheavals and commodity prices
● To bring financial stability
2. Explain the aspects of non-tax revenue of central
government
● The source of non-tax revenue of central government
includes
● The net profit earned by the Reserve bank of India
● The net profit generated by the Indian Railways
● The revenue generated by the department of Postal and Telecommunications
● The revenue generated by the public sector industries
● The revenue generated by coins and mints
● Various types of fees and penalties
 3. What is a deficit? mention the types of fiscal deficit
In the government budget the expenditure is more than its revenue receipts and
non-debt capital receipts the situation is called fiscal deficit
The four kinds of deficit are
● Budget deficit
● Revenue deficit
● Primary deficit
● Fiscal deficit
4. What are the direct taxes?
When the tax is paid by an individual on whom it is imposed, it is called direct tax
● Personal income tax
● Corporate tax
● Wealth tax
● Stamp duty
5. What are indirect taxes
If the burden of the tax imposed by the government is transferable to others, it is
called indirect tax.
● Central excise duty
● Import-export taxes.
● Service tax.
● Foreign travel tax
6. List the non-plan expenditure of the central government.
● Administration expenditure
● Defence expenditure
● Interest payment
● Allocations to states
● Various subsides.
7. List the plan expenditure of the central government.
 Financial services- agriculture and agricultural related activities, industries,
communication, fuel, science and technology, rural development
 Social services-education, health, hygiene, family welfare, drinking water
supply, housing, social welfare.
 General services-maintenance of peace, law and order.
8. Explain reasons for increasing public expenditure?
OR
What are the goals of public expenditure?
 To promote faster development
 To develop Industry, trade and commerce
 To promote agriculture and rural development
 To promote balanced economic growth
 To maximize social welfare
 To promote full-employment.





 9. Differentiate the public finance and private finance.
Private finance
 it related to income and
expenditure of a family.
 The individuals calculate their
income before hand and then
spend it accordingly.
 The transactions are kept
confidential.
 When an individual saves
money, it will supplement
their prosperity.
Public finance
 it related to income and
expenditure of a family.
 The government calculate its
expenditure first and then
adjusts its income accordingly.
 Public financial matters are
discussed in the legislative
houses
 Government shows more and
more expenditure on
development basis.

BUSINESS STUDIES
CHAPTER-32 ENTREPRENEURSHIP

I ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Who is an entrepreneur?
Entrepreneur is an innovator of new ideas and business process, he possess
management skills and strong team building abilities and essential leadership qualities
to manage the business
2. “Entrepreneurship is creative activity” How?
Entrepreneurship is a creative activity.
● It is the ability to create and build something.
● It is a knack of sensing the opportunity where others chaos, contradiction
and confusion.
● It uses the human resources properly
● It also uses natural resources effectively
● Entrepreneurship contributes to increase the national income
3. What are the characteristics of entrepreneurship?
The characteristics of entrepreneurship are
● Creativity
● Team building
● Problem solving
● Innovation
● Leadership
● Decision making
4. Explain the importance of an entrepreneur?
OR
Entrepreneurs serve as the “Sparkplug” in the economy’s engine. Justify.
The importance of an entrepreneur is
● He encourages effective mobilization of skill
● He helps to increase Gross domestic product (GDP)
● He helps to increase per capita income
● He provides employment to artisans, technically qualified persons
● He bears risks and uncertainty
● He organized the factors of production
5. Which financial institutions provide assistance to entrepreneurs?
● Industrial development bank of India
● Export and import bank
● State finance corporations
● Industrial finance corporation of India
● National bank for agricultural and rural development
● Small industries development bank of India
6. Which are the promotional organizations of entrepreneurs?
● District industrial centers
● Small industries development corporation Ltd
● Small scale industries board
● Small industries service institutions
● National small industries corporation
● Khadi and village industries corporation
7. What are the Functions of an Entrepreneur? (March-2019) (June-2020)
● He organizes factors of production.
● He starts a new business activity.
● He introduces new methods into practice.
● He handles the budget of his concern.
● He bears risk and uncertainty.
● He coordinates things effectively.
8. Entrepreneurs play an important role in nurturing the economic development of
India. How?
● Promotes capital formation.
● Provide employment to people.
● Helps the country to increase GDP and Per Capita Income.
● Promotes development of Industries.
● Promote the country's export trade.
● Enable the people to avail better quality goods at lower price.
● Tries to improve the standard of living.
9. What are the services provided by district industrial centers (DIC’s).
 Technical support
 Allotment of raw materials
 Export assistance
 Financial assistance
 Approval of project reports
 Training assistance.
10. List out the areas of Self-Employment Opportunities for Entrepreneurs.
● Advertising agencies.
● Marketing Consultancy.
● Industrial Consultancy.
● Photo copying centers.
● Industrial Testing Labs.
● Internet browsing center
● Equipment Rental and Leasing.
 CHAPTER-33
CONSUMER EDUCATION AND PROTECTION

I Answer the following questions in one word or sentence each

1. Who is the consumer?
A person who buys goods or hires or avails services for a consideration called price of
wages
2. What is the main aim of the consumer movement?
Protection of consumer rights is the main aim of consumer
3. What is the right of every consumer?
The right of every consumer is getting quality goods and services
4. When did the consumer protection act come into force in India?
In India consumer protection act came into force in 1986
5. Who appoints the president of the district consumer forum?
State Government appoints the president of the district consumer forum
6. What do you mean by Consumer Protection?
The protection to consumers against the exploitation by the producers and traders.
7. When did the World Consumers’ Day come into force?
March 15, 1962.
8. Why is March 15, 1962 an important day in the history of the World Consumer’
movement?
U.S. president John F Kennedy adopted legislation comprising Four rights.
9. What is Tele Shopping?
The consumer can sit at home and directly buy the goods from the traders using
information technology or SMS.
10. Who is a Seller?
The person who sells goods and services to consumers.
11. When do we celebrate World Consumer’s Day? (March-2019)
March 15th of every year
12. A person bought a car of worth Rs 15 lakhs is now facing some problem in it
But the car company is not responding to him. To which agency can the person
Complaint?
District consumer forum
13. A person bought a house of worth Rs 75 lakhs is now facing some problem in
it, But the housing company is not responding to him. To which agency can the
does the person Complain?
The state consumer commission
14. A person bought a housing Flat of worth Rs 1.5 crore is now facing some
problem, But the car company is not responding to him. To which agency
can the person Complain?
The national consumer commission.
II Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each
1. What are the problems faced by consumers?
The problems faced by consumers are
● Adulteration of goods
● hike in price
● loss in weight
● low quality goods
2. What are the causes for consumer exploitation?
● Interference of middle men
● Trade malpractices in market,
● Ambition of profiteering
3. What are the major objectives of consumer protection act?
 Safety and quality
 Avoiding production and sale of dangerous goods
 Prevention of trade malpractices
 Supervision on quality, weights, measures and price
 Compensating the consumers
 Consumer education
4. Mention importance of consumer protection Council
● Avoiding production and sale of dangerous goods
● Prevention of trade malpractices in market
● Supervision on quality weights measures and prices
● Importance for consumer safety and quality
5. What are the major functions of consumer protection councils?
● Right to Information
● Right to choice
● Right to heard
● Right to seek
● Right to consumer education
● Right to stop exploitation
6. Mention the three stages of consumer courts
● District forum
● The state Commission
● The National Commission
7. What are the methods to follow to file a complaint in consumer court?
● A handwritten application should submit to the court
● It should be clear with address phone number
● The particular of the goods by which the losses incurred and the amount of
loss should be specified clearly
● The bill/receipts should be enclosed
● There is no need of lawyers
● The consumer himself or herself can argue
● Suggests the nomination of Secretary General for the UNO.